The effects of psychological interventions on suicide for cancer patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Numerous psychological interventions are available for suicidal and death ideation (SDI) and suicidal behavior among cancer patients. To identify the optimal psychological interventions for reducing SDI and suicidal behavior in cancer patients. However, it remains unclear which psychological intervention is the most effective. We performed a pairwise and network meta-analysis by searching seven databases from the date of inception until 8 April 2022. An important focus of this network meta-analysis was the comparison of the effects of various psychological interventions on the reduction of SDI and suicidal behavior among cancer patients. For determining efficacy, we used standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Besides, a pairwise meta-analysis, inconsistency test, network meta-analysis, the surface under the cumulative rankings curve (SUCRA), comparison-adjusted funnel plot, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. A total of 8 studies involving 1,350 patients were searched in this study. It showed that empathy therapy (SUCRA = 95.3%) has the best effect among the six interventions. Comprehensive psychological intervention (SUCRA = 77.6%) was ranked in the top two positions, followed by meaning-centered therapy (SUCRA = 40.7%). Comparison-adjusted funnel plots revealed no significant publication bias. In addition, our conclusions have not changed significantly after the sensitivity analysis. In this network meta-analysis, empathy therapy was identified as the optimal choice for reducing SDI and suicidal behaviors in cancer patients. Further multi-center and high-quality RCT studies should be conducted to make our conclusion more rigorous.

Development of a short-term nutritional risk prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Malnutrition in patients is associated with reduced tolerance to treatment-related side effects and higher risks of complications, directly impacting patient prognosis. Consequently, a pressing requirement exists for the development of uncomplicated yet efficient screening methods to detect patients at heightened nutritional risk. The aim of this study was to formulate a concise nutritional risk prediction model for prompt assessment by oncology medical personnel, facilitating the effective identification of hepatocellular carcinoma patients at an elevated nutritional risk. Retrospective cohort data were collected from hepatocellular carcinoma patients who met the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria between March 2021 and April 2022. The patients were categorized into two groups: a normal nutrition group and a malnutrition group based on body composition assessments. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed, and predictive models were constructed, followed by simplification. A total of 220 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were included in this study, and the final model incorporated four predictive factors: age, tumor diameter, TNM stage, and anemia. The area under the ROC curve for the short-term nutritional risk prediction model was 0.990 [95% CI (0.966-0.998)]. Further simplification of the scoring rule resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.986 [95% CI (0.961, 0.997)]. The developed model provides a rapid and efficient approach to assess the short-term nutritional risk of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. With easily accessible and swift indicators, the model can identify patients with potential nutritional risk more effectively and timely.

Persistent ATP-Concentration Gradients in a Hydrogel Sustained by Chemical Fuel Consumption.

We show the formation of macroscopic ATP-concentrations in an agarose gel and demonstrate that these gradients can be sustained in time at the expense of the consumption of a chemical fuel. The approach relies on the spatially controlled activation of ATP-producing and ATP-consuming reactions through the local injection of enzymes in the matrix. The reaction-diffusion system is maintained in a stationary non-equilibrium state as long as chemical fuel, phosphocreatine, is present. The reaction-diffusion system is coupled to a supramolecular system composed of monolayer protected gold nanoparticles and a fluorescent probe. As a result of this coupling, fluorescence signals emerge spontaneously in response to the ATP-concentration gradients. We show that the approach permits the rational formation of complex fluorescence patterns that change over time as a function of the evolution of the ATP-concentrations present in the system.

The Experiences and Needs of Hospice Care Nurses Facing Burnout: A Scoping Review.

AIM: Explore the existing literature on the experience and needs of palliative nurses facing job burnout. BACKGROUND: On a global scale, with the increase of aging, the number of people in need of palliative care has increased significantly, which has a huge impact on the professional pressure of palliative nurses. Existing literature focuses on examining palliative care from the perspective of patients, but palliative nurses also face the threats to physical and mental health caused by job burnout. EVALUATION: A systematic literature search has been carried out in the following databases as of October 2021:PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. The Cochrane Library and Joanna Briggs Institute Library were also searched to confirm if there are any available systematic reviews on the subject. Manually searched the reference list of included papers. KEY ISSUES: Seventeen studies were included in this review. Five key issues in the palliative care nurse's experience: (1) psychological harm, (2) physical symptoms, (3) negative emotions, (4) Burnout caused by communication barriers, and (5) Lack of experience. Two key issues in the needs of palliative care nurses: (1) social support, and (2) training and education. CONCLUSION: The pressure of facing death for a long time and controlling the symptoms of patients has a very important impact on the mental and physical health of palliative nurses. Nursing staff have needed to be satisfied, and it is essential to provide support and help relieve the pressure on palliative nurses.

[Research Hotspots and Trends of Multimorbidity].

Objective To clarify the hotspots and trends of multimorbidity research and to provide evidence for further research in China. Methods Papers on multimorbidity were retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science (from inception to August 11,2021).BICOMB and gCLUTO were used for bibliometric and clustering analysis,and CiteSpace was employed for analysis of authors and citations,and burst detection of keywords. Results The research on multimorbidity has been on the rise.Among the authors,Mercer SW published the most papers on this topic and Fortin M was the most cited author.Karolinska Institute topped the institutions in the number of published papers,and the paper published in Lancet by Barnett K in 2012 was the most cited.A total of 75 high-frequency keywords were extracted,on the basis of which seven research hotspots were summarized:epidemiology (including the prevalence and trend),medication (involving polypharmacy,medication compliance,etc.),medical expenditure (including cost and medical services),aging (such as elderly patients,frailty,and disability),psychology (involving mental health,social support,etc.),multimorbidity management (such as the treatment,primary health care,and integrated care),and comorbidity of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (involving obesity,stroke,diabetes,etc.). Conclusions Multimorbidity is concerned as a major health threat and public health problem worldwide.The management of multimorbidity is more complex than that of one disease,which thus faces more challenges.Therefore,researchers,health care providers,and policy-makers should underscore it.

Financial toxicity among older cancer survivors in China: a qualitative study of oncology providers' perceptions and practices.

OBJECTIVE: Despite oncology providers' significant roles in patient care, few studies have been conducted to investigate oncology providers' understanding of financial toxicity. This study aimed to explore oncology providers' perceptions and practices relating to the financial toxicity of older cancer survivors in China. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted. Individual interviews were conducted with 14 oncology providers at four general hospitals and two cancer specialist hospitals in China. Qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive coding and thematic analysis methods. RESULTS: The perceptions of participants about the financial toxicity of older cancer survivors include (1) older adults with cancer are especially vulnerable to financial toxicity; (2) inadequate social support may lead to financial toxicity; and (3) cancer-related financial toxicity increased the risk of poor treatment outcomes. The interventions to mitigate its negative effects include (1) effective communication about the cancer-related costs; (2) improving the professional ability to care for the patient; (3) cancer education program as a way to reduce knowledge gaps; and (4) clinical empathy as an effective treatment strategy. CONCLUSION: Oncology providers perceive that older cancer patients' financial toxicity plays a key role in increasing the negative effects of diagnosis and treatment of cancer, as well as possibly worsening cancer outcomes. Some potential practices of providers to mitigate financial toxicity include utilizing effective cost communication, improving professional ability in geriatric oncology care, and promoting further cancer education and clinical empathy.

The Effects of Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Depression in People With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in people with cancer. Medical therapies are usually prescribed to alleviate anxiety and depression, but they are associated with a variety of adverse effects. Recently, aromatherapy showed potential as a complementary medicine to improve psychological health and wellbeing. However, its effectiveness on relieving anxiety and depression has not been established. Objective: This study explored the beneficial effects of aromatherapy on psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression in people with cancer. Methods: We searched international databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Ebscohost, ProQuest and Scopus from inception to 31 May 2021. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Quantitative analysis was performed on the studies that met our inclusion criteria, and Meta-analysis was performed on the studies with available data by RevMan software. Results: The quality of the literatures were assessed carefully by two researchers, a total of 17 studies were included in the systematic review and 10 articles were conducted in meta-analysis. The aromatherapy was effective in relieving anxiety (SMD = -0.49, p < 0.05) in people with cancer. Subgroup analysis suggested that most effective methods were aromatic massage (SMD = -0.70, p < 0.005), aromatherapy with lavender essential oils (SMD = -1.12, p < 0.01), short-time interventions (duration < 4weeks) (SMD = -0.87, p < 0.05) and studies in Asia (SMD = -0.83, p < 0.05). Regarding depression and psychological wellbeing, there were no difference between aromatherapy and control groups. Conclusion: In cancer patients, the aromatherapy was effective for relieving anxiety. However, there was no beneficial effect on depression and psychological wellbeing. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021272465.

Relationships of sleep traits with prostate cancer risk: A prospective study of 213,999 UK Biobank participants.

BACKGROUND: The effect of sleep on the occurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. This study explored the influence of sleep traits on the incidence of PCa using a UK Biobank cohort study. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 213,999 individuals free of PCa at recruitment from UK Biobank were included. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation by chained equations. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for PCa (6747 incident cases) across seven sleep traits (sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, snoring, nap, difficulty to get up in the morning, and daytime sleepiness). In addition, we newly created a healthy sleep quality score according to sleep traits to assess the impact of the overall status of night and daytime sleep on PCa development. E values were used to assess unmeasured confounding. RESULTS: We identified 6747 incident cases, of which 344 died from PCa. Participants who usually suffered from insomnia had a higher risk of PCa (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.19, E value: 1.46). Finding it fairly easy to get up in the morning was also positively associated with PCa (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.15, E value: 1.40). Usually having a nap was associated with a lower risk of PCa (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83-0.99, E value: 1.42). CONCLUSIONS: Fairly easy to get up in the morning and usually experiencing insomnia were associated with an increased incidence of PCa. Moreover, usually having a nap was associated with a lower risk of PCa. Therefore, sleep behaviors are modifiable risk factors that may have a potential impact on PCa risk.

The TARGET Nurses' health cohort study protocol: Towards a revolution in getting nurses' health ticked.

AIM: To evaluate the health status of nurses in China and explore the impact of work-related stress, work environment and lifestyle factors on their health outcomes. DESIGN: The Chinese Nurses' Health Study is a multicentred, prospective cohort study. METHODS: We plan to recruit approximately 80,000 registered nurses aged between 18 and 65 years. Eligible nurses will be introduced to complete a series of web-based questionnaires after obtaining their informed consent. Follow-up questionnaires will be completed at 2-year interval to continuously track subsequent exposures. Health-related indicators will be obtained through self-reporting by nurses and the provincial and national registry platforms such as National Central Cancer Registry. The funding was approved in July 2020 and Research Ethics Committee approval was granted in February 2021. DISCUSSION: The study is the first multicentred prospective cohort study that aims to assess the impact of work-related stress, work environment and lifestyle factors on the health of Chinese nurses. The results of the Chinese Nurses' Health Cohort Study will potentially draw a picture of the current situation of general health and well-being among nurses in China and their health risks. This will be critical in recommending locally tailored strategic preventive measures and policies to reduce health and well-being threats for nurses and potentially general public, thereby promoting the quality of healthcare in China and globally. IMPACT: This study will help to understand the health status and working environment characteristics of Chinese nurses, and provide valuable epidemiological evidence for improving working environment and promoting well-being. The results of this study are potentially of great significance for formulating targeted nursing strategies to promote the nurses' health, nursing quality and patient safety in China and even around the world. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND NAME OF TRIAL REGISTER: ChiCTR.org (ID:ChiCTR2100043202), The Nurses' Health Cohort Study of Shandong.

Challenges faced by Chinese community nurses when providing home-based hospice and palliative care: a descriptive qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Hospital facilities in China are experiencing increased strain on existing systems and medical resources, necessitating the use of home-based hospice and palliative care (HBHPC). HBHPC primarily relies on community nurses and related medical personnel. Understanding the challenges that community nurses face when providing this form of care is urgently needed to optimize the design and delivery of HBHPC. Our study aimed to gain insight into community nurses' challenges when providing HBHPC for patients. METHODS: We performed a descriptive qualitative study using a phenomenology approach. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 13 nurses from two community health service centers in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. A thematic analysis was applied to identify themes from the transcribed data. RESULTS: Three major themes emerged: 1) Community nurses' inadequate self-preparation for providing HBHPC; 2) Patients and their families' non-collaboration in HBHPC; 3) Community health service career disadvantages. Many negative experiences can be attributed to institutional barriers. CONCLUSION: Community nurses faced multifaceted challenges in home care settings. This study could provide a framework for guiding the improvement of interventional variables in the provision of HBHPC. Future research should involve developing effective methods of improving community nurses' job motivation and community health service institutions' incentive systems, as well as increasing advocacy around HBHPC.

Cardiovascular disease in Chinese women: an emerging high-risk population and implications for nursing practice.

BACKGROUND: Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women. In China, the burden of CVD is increasing at an alarming rate; yet, it is underestimated and has important primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention issues. AIM: This article seeks to document the issues surrounding the increased rate of CVD among Chinese women and describe the etiological factors and potential strategies to decrease the burden of disease. METHODS: The Medline, Current Information in Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Ovid, Science Direct, and Government Reports were searched using the key words heart disease, cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, coronary, women, and Chin (China, Chinese). Articles were selected if they described epidemiological factors and/or interventions to address heart disease in Chinese women. FINDINGS: Rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have extended the life expectancy of the population, particularly among women. Social, political, and economic factors have caused lifestyle changes that have a direct bearing on health. Heart disease has become the most common cause of death among Chinese women and the second most common cause among men. Paradoxically, prevention and management strategies are sparse in relation to the high prevalence. A number of modifiable risk factors have been identified as major contributors of CVD and should be a focus of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular disease is already a leading cause of death and disability among Chinese women. The high prevalence of risk factors and low rate of awareness, treatment, and control signal an urgent need for focusing on this issue in Chinese women. Strategies on individual, community, and government levels are recommended. Involving Chinese nurses in these strategies is essential.