Using DCP-Rho1 as a fluorescent probe to visualize sulfenic acid-containing proteins in living plant cells.

Among the biologically relevant reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has special properties. H2O2 can diffuse across membranes, has a low reactivity, and is very stable. Deprotonated cysteine residues in proteins can be oxidized by H2O2 into a highly reactive sulfenic acid derivative (-SOH), which can react with another cysteine to form a disulfide. Under higher oxidative stress the sulfenic acid undergo further oxidation to sulfinic acid (Cys-SO2H), which can subsequently be reduced. The sulfinic acid can be hyperoxidized to sulfonic acid (Cys-SO3H), whose reduction is irreversible. Formation of sulfenic acids can have a role in sensing oxidative stress, signal transduction, modulating localization and activity to regulate protein functions. Therefore, there is an emerging interest in trying to understand the pool of proteins that result in these sorts of modification in response to oxidative stress. This is known as the sulfenome and several approaches have been developed in animal and plant cells to analyze the sulfenome under different stress responses. These approaches can be proteomic, molecular, immunological (i.e., antibodies), or expressing genetically encoded probes that specifically react to sulfenic modifications. In this chapter, we describe an additional approach that allows visualization of sulfenic modification in vivo. This is newly developed fluorescent probe DCP-Rho1 can be implemented in any plant cell to analyze the sulfenic modification.

La salud pública matancera durante el período de ocupación militar norteamericana 1899-1902

Introducción: el 1 de enero de 1899 inició la ocupación militar de Cuba por Estados Unidos, cuyo objetivo fundamental fue sentar las bases de la futura República neocolonial. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la salud pública matancera durante el período de ocupación militar norteamericana 1899-1902. Materiales y métodos: se utilizó el método histórico descriptivo para estudiar el comportamiento de la salud pública matancera en el período de ocupación militar, y se realizó la revisión bibliográfica y documental. Resultados: no obstante los logros sociales -en especial en el ámbito de la salud pública-, las medidas y posiciones antinacionales que adoptó el gobierno interventor encontraron el rechazo de las clases y sectores interesados en lograr la absoluta soberanía de Cuba. Conclusiones: los matanceros realizaron notables esfuerzos para enfrentar la difícil situación sanitaria a través de la apertura de hospitales e instituciones, que brindaban servicios, sobre todo, a los sectores pobres de la población, y de la campaña de higienización para evitar la propagación de enfermedades y epidemias.

Introduction: the period of U.S. military occupation in Cuba officially began on January 1, 1899. Its main objective was to lay the foundation of the future neocolonial republic. Objective: to describe the behavior of Matanzas public health during the period of the US military occupation 1899-1902. Materials and methods: the historical descriptive method was used to study the behavior of Matanzas public health in the period of military occupation, and a bibliographic and documental review was conducted. Results: despite the social achievements- especially in the field of public health-, antinational measures and positions adopted by the intervening government found the rejection of the classes and sectors interested in achieving the absolute sovereignty of Cuba. Conclusions: the people of Matanzas made notable efforts to face the difficult sanitary situation opening hospitals and institutions which provided services, above all, to the poor sectors of the population, and to carry out a sanitation campaign to prevent the spread of diseases and epidemics.

The Phaseolus vulgaris Receptor-Like Kinase PvFER1 and the Small Peptides PvRALF1 and PvRALF6 Regulate Nodule Number as a Function of Nitrate Availability.

Legumes associate with Gram-negative soil bacteria called rhizobia, resulting in the formation of a nitrogen-fixing organ, the nodule. Nodules are an important sink for photosynthates for legumes, so these plants have developed a systemic regulation mechanism that controls their optimal number of nodules, the so-called autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway, to balance energy costs with the benefits of nitrogen fixation. In addition, soil nitrate inhibits nodulation in a dose-dependent manner, through systemic and local mechanisms. The CLE family of peptides and their receptors are key to tightly controlling these inhibitory responses. In the present study, a functional analysis revealed that PvFER1, PvRALF1, and PvRALF6 act as positive regulators of the nodule number in growth medium containing 0 mM of nitrate but as negative regulators in medium with 2 and 5 mM of nitrate. Furthermore, the effect on nodule number was found to be consistent with changes in the expression levels of genes associated with the AON pathway and with the nitrate-mediated regulation of nodulation (NRN). Collectively, these data suggest that PvFER1, PvRALF1, and PvRALF6 regulate the optimal number of nodules as a function of nitrate availability.

Coordination copolymerization monitoring of ethylene and alfa-olefins by in-line Raman spectroscopy.

Copolymerizations of ethylene and alfa-olefins, using Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts, testing two methods of co-monomer addition, through batch or dossing mode during the reactions, are reported in this work. Copolymerizations are monitored by in line Raman spectroscopy, comparing the effect of the kind of catalyst and the co-monomer addition modes on the chemical composition of the copolymers produced. The global co-monomer composition is determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy, compared with the monitoring by Raman spectroscopy along the reactions, where it is possible to define homogeneous or heterogeneous co-monomer distributions. Batch addition achieves higher incorporations of co-monomers, compared to dosed addition, where it is possible to determine the maximal co-monomer addition without affecting activities by transfer reactions. The incorporation mode of alfa-olefins in this type of reaction has been little reported, and until it is known, there is no rapid technique available to determine the uniformity of the co-monomer incorporations in real time. Copolymerization kinetics are also reported here and correlated to the addition method of the comonomers in both kinds of reactions. Homogeneous and heterogeneous co-monomer incorporations promoted by a single site catalyst (metallocene) or multisite system (Ziegler-Natta) is related to the homogeneous or heterogeneous co-monomer distributions detected by Raman spectroscopy, using each kind of catalytic system.

Factores maternos asociados a macrosomía fetal según la encuesta nacional de demografía y salud familiar de 2020 / Maternal factors associated with fetal macrosomia according to the national survey of demographics and family health 2020

Introducción: La macrosomía fetal es una condición del embarazo que genera complicaciones a corto, mediano y largo plazo para el feto, en recién nacido y la madre. Objetivos: Determinar los factores maternos asociados a macrosomía fetal según la encuesta nacional de demografía y salud familiar de 2020 Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico, transversal que se realizó basado en la encuesta ENDES en el período 2020, utilizando los datos de 5096 mujeres de 12-49 años que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el SPSS versión 25, la prueba F corregida para muestras complejas y un nivel de significancia menor de 0,05. Resultados: La prevalencia de macrosomía fetal es de 7.5%. El análisis multivariado encontró que, dentro de los factores personales, la edad materna tiene asociación significativa con la macrosomía fetal (RPa 1.04, IC 95% 1.008 ­ 1.078). De los factores patológicos, la obesidad materna tiene asociación significativa con la macrosomía fetal (RPa 1.05, IC 95% 1.027 ­ 1.080). De los factores sociales y demográficos asociados a macrosomía fetal, ninguna variable descrita muestra asociación significativa. Conclusión: Se determinó que la edad materna mayor de 34 años y la obesidad materna son factores asociados a presentar mayor prevalencia de macrosomía fetal.

Introduction: Fetal macrosomia is an embarrassing condition that causes complications in short, medium and wide placenta for the fetus, both pregnant and pregnant. Objectives: To determine the maternal factors associated with fetal macrosomia following the national demographic and health survey 2020. Materials and methods: Observational, retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study carried out in the ENDES survey in the period 2020 to 5096 women aged 12 to 49 years who they meet the established criteria. For the statistical analysis, SPSS version 25 is used, the F sample corrected for complete samples and a significance level of 0.05. Results: The prevalence of fetal macrosomia is 7.5%. Multivariate analysis found that, among personal factors, maternal edema has a significant association with fetal macrosomia (RPa 1.04, 95% IC 1.008 - 1.078). Of the pathological factors, maternal obesity has a significant association with fetal macrosomia (RPa 1.05, 95% CI 1.027 - 1.080). Of the social and demographic factors associated with fetal macrosomia, no variable describes a significant association. Conclusion: It was determined that maternal age over 34 years and maternal obesity are factors associated with a higher prevalence of fetal macrosomia.

Avances y desafíos de la protección radiológica en cardiología intervencionista pediátrica para Chile entre los años 2013-2021 / Updating radiological protection for interventional procedures in pediatric cardiology in Chile

RESUMEN: En el año 2013, se publicó un artículo acerca de lo realizado en Chile en temas de protección radiológica en cardiología intervencionista (CI) pediátrica. A continuación se muestra el trabajo de continuidad realizado en los últimos 8 años, destacando los principales resultados alcanzados y proponiendo mejoras en la seguridad y protección radiológica en esta práctica clínica. Desde el año 2013 se han seguido evaluando en términos de dosis de radiación y calidad de imagen, los sistemas de rayos X utilizados en Chile para procedimientos de CI pediátricos y, en particular, los equipos de los servicios de los Hospitales Luis Calvo Mackenna y Roberto del Rio. Se han medido las tasas de dosis de radiación dispersa a la posición habitual de los ojos y tobillos de los cardiólogos que operan los equipos de rayos X. También contamos con un conjunto de "Niveles de Referencia para Diagnóstico" clasificados por rangos de edad y peso, junto con la estimación de valores de dosis por órgano y dosis efectiva para los pacientes. Podemos afirmar que, actualmente, contamos con una metodología consolidada para caracterizar, en términos de dosis y calidad de imagen, los sistemas de rayos X. Sin embargo, sigue pendiente actualizar la normativa nacional que regula el uso seguro de las radiaciones ionizantes en medicina, como también aspectos de formación en protección radiológica para el personal médico implicado.

ABSRSCT: An article on the status of radiological protection during procedures of interventional cardiology in pediatric patients in Chile was published in 2013. The present article relates the continuing efforts to improve radiological protection highlighting their results and proposing additional measures to improve radiological protection during the procedure. Since 2013 we have continued the evaluation of radiation doses, image quality, and X Ray systems used in Chile. We have measured diffused radiation dose at operator´s eye and ankle levels to elaborate a "Reference guide" according to patient´s age and weight. However, we still lack a national regulatory norm for the X Ray systems to be used and for the appropriate training of those involved in procedures of interventional cardiology in pediatric patients.

Prevalencia, tratamientos y cuidados de enfermería en la neumonía adquirida en adultos mayores. Revisión sistemática / Prevalence, treatments, and nursing care in acquired pneumonia in older adults. Systematic review / Prevalência, tratamento e cuidados de enfermagem em pneumonias adquiridas em adultos idosos. Revisão sistemática

La neumonía es una enfermedad infecciosa adquirida en la comunidad, que afecta principalmente al tracto respiratorio produciendo complicaciones en la vía aérea distal y el parénquima pulmonar. OBJEIVO. Analizar la prevalencia, tratamientos y cuidados de enfermería, de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en los adultos mayores mediante revisión bibliográfica. METODOLOGIA. Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática, para la búsqueda de información se utilizaron las bases de datos científicas y publicaciones como: Scielo, Elsevier, PubMed, Google académico y otros; publicados en los últimos cinco años, en inglés y español. La búsqueda se realizó mediante la metodología Prisma, en cuatro fases: identificación, selección, elegibilidad, inclusión. RESULTADOS. Se identificaron 1.265 artículos, se seleccionaron 226, de los cuales, se eligieron para la lectura y análisis de 25 artículos y se incluyeron 15 en la muestra final para el estudio; dando como resultado que: la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) continúa siendo una de las principales causas de mortalidad, es responsable de 13 de cada 100.000 muertes y del 4% de egresos hospitalarios. La base para el tratamiento de la NAC son los antibióticos (Amoxicilina, Azitromicina, Claritromicina) y los cuidados de enfermería están centrados en la terapia respiratoria, oxigenoterapia y medidas generales. CONCLUSIONES. La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad afecta principalmente a los adultos mayores de 60 años, produciendo un proceso inflamatorio que compromete a los pulmones. El tratamiento está encaminado con antibióticos, macrólidos, corticoesteroides y es fundamental el cuidado de enfermería, evitando complicaciones y muerte en la población en general.

Pneumonia is a community-acquired infectious disease that mainly affects the respiratory tract, producing complications in the distal airway and lung parenchyma. OBJECTIVE. Analyze the prevalence, treatment, and nursing care of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults by means of a bibliographic review. METHODOLOGY. This is a systematic review study. Scientific databases and publications such as: Scielo, Elsevier, PubMed, academic Google and others were used to search for information; published in the last five years, in English and Spanish. The search was carried out using the Prisma methodology, in four phases: identification, selection, eligibility, inclusion. RESULTS. 1,265 articles were identified, 226 were selected, of which 25 articles were chosen for reading and analysis and 15 were included in the final sample for the study; resulting in: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be one of the main causes of mortality, responsible for 13 out of every 100,000 deaths and 4% of hospital discharges. The basis for the treatment of CAP are antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin) and nursing care is focused on respiratory therapy, oxygen therapy and general measures. CONCLUSIONS. Community-acquired pneumonia mainly affects adults over 60 years of age, producing an inflammatory process that compromises the lungs. Treatment is directed with antibiotics, macrolides, corticosteroids and nursing care is essential, avoiding complications and death in the general population.

A pneumonia é uma doença infecciosa adquirida na comunidade que afeta principalmente o trato respiratório, produzindo complicações nas vias aéreas distais e no parênquima pulmonar. OBJETIVO. Analisar a prevalência, o tratamento e os cuidados de enfermagem da pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em idosos por meio de revisão bibliográfica. METODOLOGIA. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão sistemática, utilizando bases de dados e publicações científicas como: Scielo, Elsevier, PubMed, Google Acadêmico e outros para busca de informações; publicado nos últimos cinco anos, em inglês e espanhol. A busca foi realizada por meio da metodologia Prisma, em quatro fases: identificação, seleção, elegibilidade, inclusão. RESULTADOS. Foram identificados 1.265 artigos, foram selecionados 226, dos quais 25 artigos foram escolhidos para leitura e análise e 15 foram incluídos na amostra final do estudo; resultando em: pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) continua a ser uma das principais causas de mortalidade, responsável por 13 em cada 100.000 mortes e 4% das altas hospitalares. A base para o tratamento da PAC são os antibióticos (amoxicilina, azitromicina, claritromicina) e a assistência de enfermagem é voltada para fisioterapia, oxigenoterapia e medidas gerais. CONCLUSÕES. A pneumonia adquirida na comunidade afeta principalmente adultos com mais de 60 anos, produzindo um processo inflamatório que compromete os pulmões. O tratamento é direcionado com antibióticos, macrolídeos, corticosteroides e os cuidados de enfermagem são essenciais, evitando complicações e óbito na população em geral.

Optimización de la protección en radiología y cardiología intervencionista pediatrica en América Latina y el Caribe (OPRIPALC) / Optimization of protection in pediatric interventional cardiology and radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPRIPALC)

El objetivo del presente artículo ha sido describir el programa "Optimización de la Protección en Radiología Intervencionista Pediátrica en América Latina y el Caribe" (OPRIPALC) que nace el año 2018 como respuesta conjunta de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en cooperación con el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica, para colaborar con sus Estados miembros en asegurar que las exposiciones a la radiación de los pacientes pediátricos sean las mínimas necesarias durante los procedimientos intervencionistas. Actualmente, hay 18 centros de los siguientes 10 países que participan: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, México, Perú y Uruguay. Para el desarrollo del programa se plantean una serie de objetivos, productos, actividades y resultados esperados. La puesta en marcha de la WEB de OPRIPALC ha significado un instrumento muy válido para seguir la información actualizada del programa. Un programa actualizado de formación en radioprotección para los profesionales implicados en el programa, se está realizando por medio de "webinars". Se deberá seguir actuando en la aplicación del programa de control de calidad básico para los equipos de rayos X participantes y validar los valores de los Niveles de Referencia para Diagnóstico (NRDs). Se propone formar un equipo de trabajo entre los Físicos Médicos y Tecnólogos Médicos participantes de OPRIPALC para implicarse en las pruebas de control básicas que todos los centros debieran realizar. Se han presentado algunos resultados iniciales de OPRIPALC en eventos científicos internacionales. Se está avanzando en proponer unos primeros valores sobre NRDs en procedimientos de intervencionismo cardiológico pediátrico por bandas de edad y peso. OPRIPALC es una de las pocas iniciativas de carácter regional para obtener valores de NRDs en procedimientos intervencionistas pediátricos. Se espera que tanto los valores de referencia como la metodología empleada en OPRIPALC, puedan ser utilizados en otras regiones del mundo.

The objective of this article has been to describe the program "Optimization of Protection in Pediatric Interventional Radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean" (OPRIPALC) that was born in 2018 as a joint response of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Organization of the Health, in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, to collaborate with its member states in ensuring that radiation exposures of pediatric patients are the minimum necessary during interventional procedures. Currently, there are 18 centers from the following 10 countries participating: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. For the development of the program, a series of objectives, products, activities and expected results are proposed. The launch of the OPRIPALC WEBSITE has been a very valid instrument for following up-to-date information on the program. An updated training program in radiation protection for the professionals involved in the program is being carried out through webinars. It should continue acting in the application of the basic quality control program for the participating X-ray equipment and validate the values of the Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). It is proposed to form a work team among the OPRIPALC participating medical physicists to get involved in the basic control tests that all centers should carry out. Some initial results of OPRIPALC have been presented at international scientific events. Progress is being made in proposing first values on DRLs in pediatric cardiac intervention procedures by age and weight bands. OPRIPALC is one of the few regional initiatives to obtain DRLs values in pediatric interventional procedures. It is expected that both the reference values and the methodology used in OPRIPALC can be used in other regions of the world.

Nariz bífida: Presentación de caso / Bifid Nose: Case presentation

Objetivo:Una nariz bífida es una anomalía congénita poco común que ocurre durante el desarrollo embriológico de la nariz. En 1939, Esser publicó una serie de 11 casos. Acontinuación, presentamos el caso de Reporte de Caso:una niña que nació con una nariz bifurcada que fue manejada con una traqueotomía para asegurar la vía aérea. Posteriormente, a los 6 meses de edad, se sometió a una primera intervención para mejorar el aspecto externo de la nariz.

Objetive:Abifid nose is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs during embryological development of the nose. In 1939, Esser published a series of 11 cases.Here we present the case of a girl who was born with a Case Report:forked nose that was managed with a tracheostomy to secure the airway. Later, at 6 months of age, she underwent a first intervention to improve the external appearance of the nose.

Nariz bífida: Presentación de caso / Bifid Nose: Case presentation

RESUMEN Objetivo: Una nariz bífida es una anomalía congénita poco común que ocurre durante el desarrollo embriológico de la nariz. En 1939, Esser publicó una serie de 11 casos. Reporte de Caso: A continuación, presentamos el caso de una niña que nació con una nariz bifurcada que fue manejada con una traqueotomía para asegurar la vía aérea. Posteriormente, a los 6 meses de edad, se sometió a una primera intervención para mejorar el aspecto externo de la nariz.

ABSTRACT Objetive: A bifid nose is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs during embryological development of the nose. In 1939, Esser published a series of 11 cases. Case Report: Here we present the case of a girl who was born with a forked nose that was managed with a tracheostomy to secure the airway. Later, at 6 months of age, she underwent a first intervention to improve the external appearance of the nose.

Carlos de la Torre y Huerta. Paradigma del quehacer científico cubano / Carlos de la Torre y Huerta. Paradigma of Cuban scientific activity

RESUMEN La dimensión científica educativa constituye uno de los aportes más sólidos de la obra de Carlos de la Torre y Huerta. Su extensa obra investigativa se nutre de las asignaturas que impartió en la Universidad de la Habana entre las que se desatacan Paleontología, Arqueología, Antropología, Zoología, Geología, Biología y Entomología. Estos estudios favorecieron el descubrimiento de la gran riqueza existente en el país, destacándose una trayectoria ejemplar cuyos cimientos se insertan en la malacología. El descubrimiento de las Polymitas lo llevan a describir una diversidad de subespecies que lo insertan en el escenario internacional aclamado como un referente de obligatoria consulta para los especialistas. La divulgación sistemática de su obra lo conducen a la formación de una escuela cubana de naturalistas en la que los discípulos marcaron impronta en el quehacer científico nacional al apropiarse de las herramientas que le permiten hacer ciencia utilizando medios de enseñanza, imágenes proyectadas, láminas, dibujos y ejemplares autóctonos del país (AU).

ABSTRACT The educational scientific dimension is one of the strongest contributions of the work of Carlos de la Torre and Huerta. His extensive research work draws on the subjects he taught at the University of Havana, including Paleontology, Archeology, Anthropology, Zoology, Geology, Biology and Entomology. These studies favored the discovery of the great wealth existing in the country, highlighting an exemplary trajectory whose foundations are inserted in malacology. The discovery of the Polymites leads him to describe a diversity of subspecies that insert him in the acclaimed international scenario as a mandatory reference for specialists. The systematic dissemination of his work lead him to the formation of a Cuban school of naturalists in which the disciples marked imprint on the national scientific work by appropriating the tools that allow him to do science using teaching means, projected images, prints, drawings and native copies of the country (AU).

Initial Experience in Chile with Stent Implantation in the Right Ventricle Outflow Tract in High-Risk Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) treatment is difficult in patients with surgical risk factors or unfavorable anatomy. Stent implantation in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an option for these patients. We report our initial experience in Chile with RVOT stenting in patients with ToF. Retrospective and descriptive study conducted in three pediatric cardiovascular centers in Chile between 2012 and 2015, including all ToF patients with stent in the RVOT as first procedure. Clinical records, echocardiographic, interventional, and surgical reports were reviewed for demographics and information of RVOT and pulmonary arteries. 12 newborns with ToF were included (75% female). Median age was 20 days (1-70) and mean weight was 2178 g (1400-3414). Saturations increased after the procedure from 74.3% (55-88) to 88.5% (80-98%), (p < 0.01). No complications or mortality were related to interventions. Follow-up was 11 months (7-36). Median right and left pulmonary arteries Z-score increased from - 4.0 (- 5.2 to - 0.3) and - 1.5 (- 4.8 to - 0.26) to + 0.53 (0.0 to 2.2) and + 1.1 (0.5 to 2.9), (p < 0.05), respectively. Nakata index increased from 63 mm2/mm2 (35 to 143) to 162 mm2/mm2 (107 to 197), (p < 0.05). Surgical repair was performed at a median of 4 months (2-7). Transannular patch repair was necessary in all patients and there was no surgical mortality. RVOT stenting is a safe and useful option for patients with ToF and surgical risk factors or unfavorable anatomy. It increases the pulmonary blood flow, improving saturation and pulmonary artery growth as a bridge for surgical repair.

Prevalencia y factores asociados al bajo consumo de frutas y verduras en alumnos de la carrera profesional de medicina humana de una universidad peruana / Prevalence And Factors Associated With The Low Consumption Of Fruits And Vegetables In Students Of The Professional Career Of Human Medicine Of A Peruvian University

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados al bajo consumo de frutas y verduras en alumnos de la carrera profesional de medicina humana de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán (UNHEVAL). Métodos: Estudio transversal. La población estuvo constituida por los 371 de alumnos de la carrera profesional de Medicina Humana que se encontraban matriculados y cursando estudios en julio de 2018. Se aplicó de un cuestionario autoadministrado el cual permitió obtener información del consumo de frutas y verduras. A partir de los datos recolectados obtuvo la prevalencia y factores asociados al bajo consumo de frutas y verduras. Resultados: La prevalencia de bajo consumo de frutas y verduras fue de 60,1% (IC95%: 55,0%-65,2%). Las principales razones para no consumir frutas y verduras fueron el considerar que es poco frecuente conseguirlas en los cafetines de la universidad (78,7%), el tiempo insuficiente para su selección, compra y preparación (73,6%) y el vivir con alguno de los padres que se encargaban de su alimentación (55,3%). El análisis multivariado encontró que el único factor asociado al bajo consumo de frutas y verduras fue el tiempo insuficiente para la selección, compra y preparación; mientras que, vivir con alguno de los padres constituyó factor protector. Conclusión: Existe una alta prevalencia de bajo consumo de frutas y verduras en alumnos de la carrera profesional de medicina humana de la UNHEVAL. El tiempo insuficiente para la selección, compra y preparación de frutas y verduras constituye factor asociado y vivir con alguno de los padres constituye factor protector.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the low consumption of fruits and vegetables in students of the professional career of human medicine of the National University Hermilio Valdizán (UNHEVAL). Methods: Cross-sectional study. The population was constituted by 371 students of the professional career of Human Medicine who were enrolled and taking courses in July 2018. It was applied a self-administered questionnaire which allowed to obtain information about the consumption of fruits and vegetables. From the collected data it was obtained the prevalence and factors associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Results: The prevalence of low consumption of fruits and vegetables was 60,1% (IC95%: 55,0% -65,2%). The main reasons for not consuming fruits and vegetables were that it is rare to get them in the cafeterias of the university (78,7%), insufficient time for their selection, purchase and preparation (73,6%) and living with one of the parents who were in charge for their feeding. (55,3%). The multivariate analysis found that the only factor associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables was the insufficient time for selection, purchase and preparation; whereas, living with one of the parents constituted a factor protector. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of low consumption of fruits and vegetables in students of the professional career of human medicine of the UNHEVAL. The insufficient time for the selection, purchase and preparation of fruits and vegetables is an associated factor and living with one of the parents constitutes a protector factor.

Factores pronósticos de severidad en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda en el servicio de gastroenterología del Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales / Severity Prognostic Factors In Patients With Acute Pancreatitis In Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales

Objetivo: Determinar los factores pronósticos de severidad en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda (PA) en el Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales durante el periodo junio 2016 a junio 2018. Metodología: Estudio de casos y controles, siendo los casos los pacientes con pancreatitis moderada o severa y los controles los de pancreatitis leve. Los datos para las variables evaluadas fueron obtenidos a partir de la revisión de Historias Clínicas. Se usó chi-cuadrado para evaluar la asociación y se hallaron los OR con sus respectivos IC 95%. Se utilizó programa SPSS 25. Resultados: Se revisaron 162 historias clínicas de los cuales 54 (33,3%) pacientes desarrollaron PA moderadamente severa (PAMS) o severa (PAS) y 108 (66.7%) cursaron con PA leve (PAL). De las PAMS y PAS 55,6% fueron hombres; mientras que en las PA leves el sexo femenino fue el predominante con un 91,7 %. La mayoría fue de origen biliar con un 83,3%. Los factores asociados a PAMS/PAS incluyeron tener más de 60 años (OR: 3.10; IC 95%: 1,26-7,65; p= 0.011), presentar derrame pleural (OR: 7,78 IC 95%: 5,745-54,418; p<0.001), hematocrito >40% (OR: 4,17; IC 95%: 2.07-8.39; valor p: <0.001) y puntuación APACHE ≥8 (OR: 7,88; IC 95%: 3.77-16.45; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los factores asociados a severidad de la pancreatitis fueron la edad, presentar derrame pleural, hematocrito >40% y puntuación APACHE ≥8.

Objective: To determine the prognostic factors of severity in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) at the Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales during the period June 2016 to June 2018. Methods: Study of cases and controls, being the cases patients with AP moderately severe or severe and controls those of mild AP. The medical records were reviewed to apply the APACHE-II score. Chi- square was used and the ORs were obtained with their respective 95% CI. SPSS 25 program was used. Results: 162 medical records were reviewed. 54 (33.3%) patients developed AP moderately severe or severe and 108 (66.7%) had mild AP. Of the patients with AP moderately severe or severe, 55.6% were men; while in mild AP the female sex was predominant with 91.7%. The majority were of biliary origin (83.3%). There was a predominance of mild AP. AP moderately severe or severe was associated with being over 60 years old (OR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.26-7.65; p= 0.011), presenting pleural effusion (OR: 7.78 95% CI: 5.745-54.418 ; p <0.001), hematocrit>40% (OR: 4.17; 95% CI: 2.07-8.39; p <0.001) and APACHE score ≥8 (OR: 7.88; 95% CI: 3.77-16.45; p<0.001). Conclusions: The factors associated with the severity of pancreatitis were age, presenting pleural effusion, hematocrit> 40% and APACHE score ≥8.

Factores pronósticos de severidad en pancreatitis aguda en un Hospital Peruano

Objetivo : Determinar los factores pronósticos de severidad en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda (PA) en el Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales durante el periodo junio 2016 a junio 2018. Métodos : Estudio de casos y controles, siendo los casos los pacientes con pancreatitis moderada o severa y los controles los de pancreatitis leve. Los datos para las variables evaluadas fueron obtenidos a partir de la revisión de Historias Clínicas. Se usó chi-cuadrado para evaluar la asociación y se hallaron los OR con sus respectivos IC 95%. Se utilizó programa SPSS 25. Resultados : Se revisaron 162 historias clínicas de los cuales 54 (33,3%) pacientes desarrollaron PA moderadamente severa (PAMS) o severa (PAS) y 108 (66.7%) cursaron con PA leve (PAL). De las PAMS y PAS 55,6% fueron hombres; mientras que en las PA leves el sexo femenino fue el predominante con un 91,7 %. La mayoría fue de origen biliar con un 83,3%. Los factores asociados a PAMS/PAS incluyeron tener más de 60 años (OR: 3.10; IC 95%: 1,26-7,65; p= 0.011), presentar derrame pleural (OR: 7,78 IC 95%: 5,745-54,418; p40% (OR: 4,17; IC 95%: 2.07-8.39; valor p: 40% y puntuación APACHE ≥8.

Objective: To determine the prognostic factors of severity in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) at the Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales during the period June 2016 to June 2018. Methods: Study of cases and controls, being the cases patients with AP moderately severe or severe and controls those of mild AP. The medical records were reviewed to apply the APACHE-II score. Chi-square was used and the ORs were obtained with their respective 95% CI. SPSS 25 program was used. Results: 162 medical records were reviewed. 54 (33.3%) patients developed AP moderately severe or severe and 108 (66.7%) had mild AP. Of the patients with AP moderately severe or severe, 55.6% were men; while in mild AP the female sex was predominant with 91.7%. The majority were of biliary origin (83.3%). There was a predominance of mild AP. AP moderately severe or severe was associated with being over 60 years old (OR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.26-7.65; p= 0.011), presenting pleural effusion (OR: 7.78 95% CI: 5.745-54.418 ; p 40% (OR: 4.17; 95% CI: 2.07-8.39; p 40% and APACHE score ≥8.

Emerging roles of tetraspanins in plant inter-cellular and inter-kingdom communication.

Inter-cellular and inter-kingdom signaling systems of various levels of complexity regulate pathogenic and mutualistic interactions between bacteria, parasites, and fungi and animal and plant hosts. Inter-kingdom interactions between mutualistic bacteria such as rhizobia and legumes during nodulation and between fungi and plants during mycorrhizal associations, are characterized by the extensive exchange of molecular signals, which allow nitrogen and phosphate assimilation, respectively. A novel aspect of this signaling exchange is the existence of specific structures, the exosomes, that carry important molecules that shape the plant-pathogen interactions. Exosomes contain a wide array of molecules, such as lipids, proteins, messenger RNA, and microRNAs, that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication in animal and plant cells by affecting gene expression and other physiological activity in distant cells within the same organism (e.g., during cancer metastases and neuron injuries). In plant cells, it has been recently reported that exosomes go beyond organism boundaries and inhibit a pathogenic interaction in plants. Plant produce and send exosomes loaded with specific small miRNA which inhibit the pathogen infection, but the pathogen can also produce exosomes carrying pro-pathogenic proteins and microRNAs. Therefore, exosomes are the important bridge regulating the signal exchange. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which carries selected cargos from the cytoplasm (protein, lipids, and microRNAs) and under certain circumstances, they fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing the small vesicles as cargo-carrying exosomes into the extracellular space during intercellular and inter-kingdom communication. Animal and plant proteomic studies have demonstrated that tetraspanin proteins are an integral part of exosome membranes, positioning tetraspanins as essential components for endosome organization, with key roles in membrane fusion, cell trafficking, and membrane recognition. We discuss the similarities and differences between animal tetraspanins and plant tetraspanins formed during plant-microbe interactions and their potential role in mutualistic communication.

Medical-grade Honey as an Alternative to Surgery: A Case Series.

INTRODUCTION: Modern wound management continues to present new challenges. Many patients elect to forego operative debridement secondary to high risk, fear, cost concerns, and personal ideologies on healing. Although operative debridement has long been a tenet of proper wound care, alternative innovative approaches to wound management must be considered. OBJECTIVE: This case series describes the successful outcomes of 12 patients with dissimilar wounds who were managed with medical-grade honey (active Leptospermum honey [ALH]) as an alternative to surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case series was identified from clinical experience, chart review, and photographic documentation of all patients evaluated by the acute wound care service. To be included, patients had to decline the recommendation of operative debridement or skin grafting, utilize ALH as an alternative to surgery, and have regular follow-up visits. RESULTS: Twelve patients with complex wounds were identified and included in this case series. Five patients were considered high risk for surgery due to comorbidities. Seven patients were at low risk for surgery but desired to avoid operative procedures. The use of ALH facilitated autolytic debridement and healing without surgery or hospital readmission. CONCLUSIONS: The properties of ALH include autolytic debridement, bacterial growth inhibition, anti-inflammatory mediation, and cytokine release, making it a viable option for wound management for patients with contraindications to surgery. However, surgical debridement should remain a tenet of wound care in appropriate patients.

Factores asociados al pronóstico y supervivencia en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide aguda del hospital nacional dos de mayo período 2014 a 2016 / Factors Associated With Prognosis And Survival In Hospitalized Adult Patients Diagnosed With Acute Myeloid Leukemia At The Hospital Nacional Dos De Mayo Period 2014 To 2016

Introduccion: La supervivencia en pacientes con diagnóstico de Leucemia Mieloide Aguda (LMA) se puede ver afectada por diversos factores clínicos, citogenéticos e inmunofenotípicos. Objetivo: Determinar las características del tamizaje para cáncer CCU en 08 establecimientos de salud (EESS) de Lima Metropolitana sedes del Internado Médico de la FAMURP en el 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo y analítico, basado en la revisión de historias clínicas de todos los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de Leucemia Mieloide Aguda, diagnosticados en Abril del 2014 a diciembre de 2016 y se realizó un seguimiento para determinar su desenlace final a 2 años asociándolo a la presencia de factores condiciones de mortalidad. La muestra final fue de 39 pacientes. Resultados: De los 39 pacientes 16 (41%) fueron mayores de 60 años, 23 (59%) fueron menores de 60 años, 13 de los pacientes (33%) presentaron una cifra de Leucocitos mayor a 50 000 al diagnóstico y 26 (77%) presentaron una cifra menor a 50 000. 33 pacientes presentaron una Leucemia de Novo (84%) y 6 (16%) presentaron una Leucemia secundaria a un Síndrome Mielo Displásico o algún antecedente de quimioterapia previa. No se obtuvo datos de todos los pacientes según clasificación Franco Americano Británica (FAB), Inmunofenotipo y Cariotipo. La supervivencia se evaluó en 3 tiempos, a los 6 meses, al año y a los 2 años desde la fecha del diagnóstico, teniendo que a los 6 meses la sobrevida global de los 39 pacientes había sido el 69 % (25), al año 49% (18) y a los 2 años se mantuvo en el mismo rango. La supervivencia al año y 2 años del diagnóstico se obtuvo el mismo Odds Ratio (OR) de 4.5 para la variable Leucocitos al diagnóstico mayor a 50 000 (IC 95%: 1.008 ­ 20.507), considerándola como un factor de riesgo para mortalidad. En el análisis de supervivencia de la misma variable mencionada con la supervivencia al año y dos años que la supervivencia fue significativamente menor en el grupo de pacientes con leucocitos al diagnóstico mayor a 50 000. Conclusión: En nuestra población de estudio se encontró significancia estadística al momento de evaluar la variable Leucocitos al diagnóstico mayor a 50 000 encontrándola como factor asociado a la mortalidad a 2 años, con una supervivencia significativamente mayor que el grupo de pacientes con Leucocitos al diagnóstico menor a 50 000.

Introduction: Survival in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may be affected by various clinical, cytogenetic and immunophenotypic factors. Methods: An observational, transversal, retrospective and analytical study was conducted, based on the review of clinical histories of all adult patients with diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed in April 2014 to December 2016, a follow-up was made to determine their final outcome at 2 years. We calculated the OR and performed survival curves of each prognosis variable independent associated with survival in 3 times: 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. Results: Of the 39 patients 16 (41%) were older than 60 years, 23 (59%) were less than 60 years, 13 of the patients (33%) showed a number of leukocytes greater than 50 000 to the diagnosis and 26 (77%) showed a number less than 50 000. 33 patients presented a De Novo leukemia (84%) and 6 (16%) presented leukemia secondary to a myelo dysplastic syndrome or some antecedent of previous chemotherapy. No complete data were obtained from all patients according to FAB classification, Immunophenotyping and Karyotype. Survival was assessed in 3 times, at 6 months, year and 2 years from the date of diagnosis, overall survival of the 39 patients was 69% (25) at 6 months, and 49% (18) at 1 and 2 years. For the survival of the year and 2 years of the diagnosis we got the same OR of 4.5 for the variable leukocytes to the diagnosis greater than 50 000(IC 95%: 1,008 ­ 20,507), considering it as a risk factor for mortality. In the survival analysis of the same variable mentioned, survival at year and two years was significantly lower for the group of patients with leukocytes at diagnosis greater than 50 000. Conclusion: In our study, statistical significance was found evaluating the variable Leukocytes at diagnosis greater than 50 000, finding it as an associated factor with mortality to 2 years, with a significantly greater survival than the group of patients with leukocytes at diagnosis less than 50 000.

[Effects of chronic smoking on the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)]. / Efecto del tabaquismo crónico sobre la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS).

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of chronic smoking on peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the superior mesenteric artery, evaluated with pulsed Doppler, determining whether the longer the snuff consumption, the greater the increase in PSV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an analytical cross-sectional study where patients who came to perform abdominal Doppler and had a history of chronic smoking were included. Additional measurements were performed on PSV superior mesenteric artery in 60 patients. Subjects were selected by the non-probability method, taking the total number of patients who presented. Once selected, patients performed pulsed Doppler, and a study and interpretation of these was carried out. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We studied 60 patients with a history of chronic smoking between the ages of 25 to 50 years with a median of 38.6±7.1%; chronicity of smoking was measured in years, with a mean of 17.1±8.4 (range 3-37) and PSV was divided into four ranges in cm/sec. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic smoking significantly increases the PSV of the superior mesenteric artery after 21 years of the onset of smoking.