RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of human bocavirus (HBoV) and to determine viral loads in samples of patients admitted for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS: Fecal and serum samples were collected from 19 patients, during a 24-month period. Samples were screened by quantitative polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assay, with specific probe and primers targeting the NP1 gene of all HBoVs genotypes (HBoV-1 to - 4), and viral loads were determined using serial dilutions of a recombinant plasmid. RESULTS: HBoV DNA was detected in 42.1% (8 of 19) of the patients in at least one type of sample (feces and/or serum) during the study period, with 75% (6 of 8) of the patients being positive in both types of sample. Viral shedding in feces had a median of 26 days (range, 5 to 121) and viremia was detected in 87.5% (7 of 8) of the patients. The HBoV loads in fecal samples were higher than in sera and, in most cases, HBoV was detected earlier in fecal than in sera samples. In six HBoV-positive patients (6 of 8) diarrhea was observed concomitantly to viral detection in fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency and loads of HBoV in allo-HSCT recipients was observed, especially in fecal samples. Positivity in fecal samples was an early predictor of HBoV presence.
Assuntos
Fezes/virologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Viremia/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Genótipo , Hospitalização , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Viral , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) are etiological agents of different syndromes such as gastroenteritis, cystitis, ocular, and respiratory diseases, and infection by these viruses may cause alterations in cellular homeostasis. The objective of the study was the proteomic analysis of A-549 cells infected with HAdV-40 using LC-MS. At 30 h of infection, the quantitative analysis revealed 336 differentially expressed proteins. From them, 206 were induced (up-regulated) and 130 were suppressed (down-regulated). The majority of up-regulated proteins were related to energy, cellular organization, stress response, and apoptosis pathways. It was observed alteration of cell metabolism with increase of the glycolytic pathway, ß-oxidation, and respiratory chain. Also, the results suggest cytoskeleton reorganization and apoptosis induction. The data can improve knowledge about the replication of HAdV-40 in cell culture considering the proteins related to distinct metabolic pathways induced by viral infection in A-549 cells.
Assuntos
Adenovírus Humanos/fisiologia , Proteoma , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Pré-Escolar , Cromatografia Líquida , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas , Mucosa Respiratória/virologiaRESUMO
Abstract Human Bocavirus (HBoV) has been identified from feces and respiratory samples from cases of both acute gastroenteritis and respiratory illness as well as in asymptomatic individuals. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize HBoV from fecal samples collected from hospitalized children aged less than five years old with no symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RTI) or acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The study involved 119 children and one fecal sample was collected from each participant between 2014 and 2015. HBoV was detected using Nested-PCR, and the viral type identified by genomic sequencing. HBoV-4 was identified from one sample obtained from a hospitalized child with soft tissue tumor of the submandibular region. This is the first report of HBoV-4 identification in Brazil, but we consider that this type may be circulating in the country similar to the other types and new investigations are necessary.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Gastroenterite/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/complicações , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/complicações , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Parvoviridae/complicações , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Bocavirus Humano/classificação , Gastroenterite/complicações , Gastroenterite/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Human Bocavirus (HBoV) has been identified from feces and respiratory samples from cases of both acute gastroenteritis and respiratory illness as well as in asymptomatic individuals. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize HBoV from fecal samples collected from hospitalized children aged less than five years old with no symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RTI) or acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The study involved 119 children and one fecal sample was collected from each participant between 2014 and 2015. HBoV was detected using Nested-PCR, and the viral type identified by genomic sequencing. HBoV-4 was identified from one sample obtained from a hospitalized child with soft tissue tumor of the submandibular region. This is the first report of HBoV-4 identification in Brazil, but we consider that this type may be circulating in the country similar to the other types and new investigations are necessary.
Assuntos
Gastroenterite/virologia , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Doença Aguda , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Gastroenterite/complicações , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Bocavirus Humano/classificação , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/complicações , Infecções por Parvoviridae/complicações , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/complicações , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/complicaçõesRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of Rotavirus A (RVA) G and P genotypes circulating in the Brazilian Mid-West in the period 1986-2015. Seven studies conducted from 1986 to 2009 were included, as well as fecal samples obtained in the period 2014-2015. RVA was screened by ELISA and/or PAGE; genotyping by conventional RT-PCR and/or genomic sequencing. A temporal variation in the predominance of G genotypes mainly G1 and G2 with G9 and G12 emergence was observed. Even with vaccination, RVA continues to circulate in the population, requiring continuous virus monitoring
Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus , Vacinação , GenótipoRESUMO
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos das classes IgG e IgM específicos contra o parvovírus B19 (PB19) em mulheres com idade fértil no município de Goiânia, Goiás. Foram avaliadas 101 mulheres saudáveis, atendidas em serviços públicos de saúde, no período de 1998 a 1999. As mulheres foram avaliadas sob vários aspectos (econômico, social, cultural, faixa etária e estado civil). Para pesquisa de anticorpos das classes IgG e IgM, foi utilizada a metodologia de ELISA. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo Teste Qui-Quadrado (X2), sendo adotado o valor de p<0,05. Os resultados mostraram uma população jovem, carente, habitante de casas precárias, com baixo nível de escolaridade, saneamento básico regular e atendimento pré-natal regular. Foi detectada a prevalência total (infecção passada e infecção aguda) por PB19 de 34,6%. A prevalência de anticorpos da classe IgM foi de 26,7% e 25,9% dessas mulheres estavam gestantes, o que é considerado fator de risco para a transmissão vertical do PB19. Anticorpos da classe IgG foram encontrados em 8,9% das mulheres, sugerindo a presença de infecção prévia pelo PB19. Os achados demonstraram que, em Goiânia, 63,4% das mulheres em idade fértil são vulneráveis à infecção pelo vírus PB19. Este percentual indica um número importante de mulheres susceptíveis à virose e com risco aumentado de exporem seus fetos ao vírus.
Assuntos
Parvovirus B19 Humano , Mulheres , InfecçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human caliciviruses (Norovirus and Sapovirus) are important acute gastroenteritis agents. The Norovirus (NoV) disease is usually self-limited; however, prolonged viral excretion and complications have been reported, mainly in immunosuppressed individuals. OBJECTIVES: In this prospective study, we have monitored allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) patients for human calicivirus infection. STUDY DESIGN: Ten ASCT patients were monitored for NoV and sapoviruses (SaV) infection, for a period of five months to a maximum of one year. Prolonged NoV excretion and long term viral RNA in the blood were assessed by multiplex RT-PCR targeting region C of the viral capsid. Secretor status of the patients was determined by enzyme immunoassay using Ulex Europaeus agglutinin. Partial genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed to characterize the viral genotypes. RESULTS: NoV was detected in six out of ten patients (60%). Prolonged viral excretion in feces (mean of 61.6 days) and long term presence of NoV RNA in the sera (mean of 33.6 days) of the patients were observed. SaV was not detected in any of the samples. All patients had diarrhea, vomiting and fever during NoV positivity. All NoV-positive samples were characterized as GI.3 NoV. Three Nov-infected patients presented with acute intestinal graft versus host disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study brings important information on NoV course of infection in ASCT patients. It also provides evidence for long term viral RNA in the blood highlighting the importance of the inclusion of NoV screening in the routine testing performed before transplantation and during follow-up of these patients.
Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/sangue , Transplantados , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Adulto , Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Filogenia , Estudos Prospectivos , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sapovirus/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Células-Tronco , Transplante Homólogo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Norovirus is the leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Recently, third generation Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) commercial kits have been developed, and controversial results have been obtained by different studies regarding the sensitivity and specificity of these assays. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test 60 fecal samples, previously tested as positive by RT-PCR for caliciviruses (40 norovirus-positive and 20 sapovirus-positive samples), for qualitative determination of genogroup I and II noroviruses by a commercial EIA kit (RIDASCREEN® Norovirus (C1401) 3rd Generation, R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany). The samples were obtained from 30 children aged less than five years, mostly asymptomatic, who attend a day-care center in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The results conferred a positivity rate for NoV of 35 percentand a specificity rate of 100 percent for the EIA, when compared to the RT-PCR. The test also failed to detect samples that were positive for GI.1 and GI.4 norovirus. The presumably lower viral load of asymptomatic children might be related to the poor sensitivity. Our results reinforce the notion that screening of samples by molecular assays, especially of samples that might have a low number of viral particles such as those obtained from asymptomatic patients, should not be replaced by the use of EIA kits...
Triagem de amostras fecais de crianças assintomáticas utilizando-se um kit comercial de Elisa 3a geração determinação qualitativa de norovírus dos genogrupos I e II por meio de kit comercial de EIE (RIDASCREEN® Norovirus (C1401) 3rd Generation, R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany). Previamente testadas, elas se mostraram positivas para calicivírus por RT-PCR (40 positivas para norovirus e 20 positivas para sapovirus). As amostras foram obtidas de 30 crianças menores de 5 anos de idade, predominantemente assintomáticas, que frequentavam uma creche em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Os resultados revelaram índices de 35 porcento de positividade para os norovírus e de 100 porcento de especificidade para o EIE quando comparado a RT-PCR. O teste também falhou em detectar amostras que eram positivas para norovírus GI.1 e GI.4. A carga viral, presumidamente mais baixa, das crianças assintomáticas pode estar relacionada com a baixa sensibilidade. Os resultados reforçam o entendimento de que a triagem de amostras por ensaios moleculares não deve ser substituída pelo uso de kits de EIE, especialmente quando se tratar de amostras que, presumidamente, apresentem um baixo número de partículas virais como as obtidas de pacientes assintomáticos...
Assuntos
Criança , Fezes/parasitologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Norovirus , SapovirusRESUMO
To determine the positivity rate of human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 and 3 among children who presented with acute gastroenteritis symptoms during the period of 1994-2004 in the Central-West Region of Brazil, 762 faecal samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HBoV DNA. Primers for a segment of the non-structural viral protein 1 (NS1) gene of HBoV-1 and HBoV-3 were used. Twelve HBoV-positive samples were further characterised via genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the samples tested, 5.8% (n = 44) were positive for HBoV-1 or HBoV-3 and co-infection was observed in 14 (31.8%) of the 44 HBoV-positive samples. Nine of the 14 samples were also positive for Rotavirus A and five were positive for Aichi virus. The genomic sequencing of the NS1 partial sequence of 12 HBoV-samples showed that 11 samples were characterised as HBoV-1 and that one was characterised as HBoV-3. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the HBoV-1 samples had a high sequence homology to others previously identified in China, Sweden and Brazil. This is the first study conducted in the Central-West Region of Brazil to detect HBoV-1 and HBoV-3 in faecal samples from children with acute gastroenteritis. Further studies are required to define the role of HBoVs as aetiological agents of gastroenteritis.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gastroenterite/virologia , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Doença Aguda , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/análise , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Bocavirus Humano/classificação , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The epidemiological features of rotavirus A (RVA) infection differ between children from developing and developed countries which could result in differences in vaccine efficacy around the world. To evaluate the impact of RotarixTM on RVA prevalence, we monitored RVA genotypes circulating in Goiânia by monitoring virus in faecal samples from children that had or had not been previously vaccinated. From February-November of 2008, 220 faecal samples were collected from children in seven day-care centres. RVA detection was performed by two methodologies and the results were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From the 220 samples, eight were RVA-positive (3.6 percent) and five were from children that had received either one or two doses of the vaccine. All positive samples were collected from children with diarrhoea during August and September. Genotyping of the RVA characterised five of the viral samples as genotype G2P[4] and one as G8P[4], suggesting that G2P[4] was the predominant circulating genotype in Goiânia during the study. The fact that vaccinated children were also infected by RVA suggests that the vaccine does not fully protect against infection by the G2[P4] RVA genotype.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Diarreia , Infecções por Rotavirus , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Brasil , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes , Genótipo , Prevalência , Infecções por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Vacinas AtenuadasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This was a prospective study that included women seen in the obstetrics and gynecology sector of Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia, State of Goiás, with the aim of detecting rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. Eighty-four women participated in the study and from these, 314 fecal samples were collected. Out of all of the women, 29 were seropositive for HIV and 55 were seronegative, and 45 and 39 were pregnant and non-pregnant, respectively. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from each woman once every two months over the period from July 2006 to June 2007, and they were screened for rotaviruses by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoenzymatic assays, for caliciviruses and astroviruses by means of RT-PCR and for adenovirus by means of immunoenzymatic assays. The astroviruses were genotyped using nested PCR. RESULTS: Among the 84 patients, 19 (22.6%) were positive for either calicivirus (14/19) or astrovirus (6/19), while one women was positive for both viruses in fecal samples collected on different occasions. Most of the positive samples were collected during the months of July and August (astrovirus) and September and October (calicivirus). None of the samples analyzed was positive for rotavirus or adenovirus. Gastroenteric viruses were detected in 13/19 (68.4%) of the pregnant women, whether HIV-seropositive or not. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study showed that neither pregnancy nor HIV-seropositive status among the women increased the risk of infection by any of the gastroenteric viruses studied. This study presents data on gastroenteric virus detection among pregnant and/or HIV-positive women.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/virologia , Adulto , Brasil , Caliciviridae/isolamento & purificação , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Vírus de RNA/classificação , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This was a prospective study that included women seen in the obstetrics and gynecology sector of Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia, State of Goiás, with the aim of detecting rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. Eighty-four women participated in the study and from these, 314 fecal samples were collected. Out of all of the women, 29 were seropositive for HIV and 55 were seronegative, and 45 and 39 were pregnant and non-pregnant, respectively. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from each woman once every two months over the period from July 2006 to June 2007, and they were screened for rotaviruses by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoenzymatic assays, for caliciviruses and astroviruses by means of RT-PCR and for adenovirus by means of immunoenzymatic assays. The astroviruses were genotyped using nested PCR. RESULTS: Among the 84 patients, 19 (22.6 percent) were positive for either calicivirus (14/19) or astrovirus (6/19), while one women was positive for both viruses in fecal samples collected on different occasions. Most of the positive samples were collected during the months of July and August (astrovirus) and September and October (calicivirus). None of the samples analyzed was positive for rotavirus or adenovirus. Gastroenteric viruses were detected in 13/19 (68.4 percent) of the pregnant women, whether HIV-seropositive or not. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study showed that neither pregnancy nor HIV-seropositive status among the women increased the risk of infection by any of the gastroenteric viruses studied. This study presents data on gastroenteric virus detection among pregnant and/or HIV-positive women.
INTRODUÇÃO: Este foi um estudo prospectivo que incluiu mulheres atendidas no setor de obstetrícia e ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, em Goiânia, Estado de Goiás com o objetivo de detectar rotavírus, adenovírus, calicivírus e astrovírus. Oitenta e quatro mulheres participaram no estudo e destas, 314 amostras fecais foram coletadas. Do total de mulheres, 29 eram soropositivas para HIV, 55 soronegativas, 45 e 39 estavam grávidas e não-grávidas, respectivamente. MÉTODOS: Amostras fecais foram coletadas de cada mulher uma vez a cada dois meses pelo período de Julho-2006 a Junho-2007, foram triadas para rotavírus pela metodologia de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA) e através de ensaio imunoenzimático (EIE), para calicivírus e astrovírus por RT-PCR e por EIE para adenovírus. Os astrovírus foram genotipados por Nested-PCR. RESULTADOS: De 84 pacientes, 19 (22,6 por cento) foram positivas para calicivírus (14/19) ou astrovírus (6/19), sendo que uma mulher foi positiva para ambos os vírus em amostras fecais coletadas em diferentes ocasiões. A maioria das amostras positivas foi coletada no período de Julho a Agosto (astrovírus) e de Setembro a Outubro (calicivírus). Nenhuma das amostras analisadas foi positiva para rotavírus ou adenovírus. Os vírus gastroentéricos foram detectados em 13/19 (68,4 por cento) mulheres grávidas, as quais eram HIV-soropositivas ou não. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que nem o estado gravídico das mulheres nem a soropositividade para HIV aumentaram o risco para a infecção por nenhum dos vírus gastroentéricos estudados. Este estudo apresenta dados sobre a detecção de vírus gastroentéricos entre mulheres grávidas e/ou HIV-positivas.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/virologia , Brasil , Caliciviridae/isolamento & purificação , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Vírus de RNA/classificação , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Out of 1,588 faecal samples of children taken from three locations of the Central West Region of Brazil, 57 were positive for astroviruses (HAstVs) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They were genotyped by nested RT-PCR and/or genomic sequencing. HAstV-1 (42.8 percent), HAstV-2 (23.2 percent), HAstV-3 (3.6 percent), HAstV-4 (14.3 percent) and HAstVs -5, -6, -7 and -8 (1.8 percent each) were detected. In Goiânia and Campo Grande, HAstV-1 was the most frequently detected genotype while in Brasília (DF) it was HAstV-2. Shifts in the circulation of astrovirus genotypes were observed in DF and Campo Grande. All samples collected by rectal swabs were viral negative. The astrovirus genotypes were detected in all age groups and there was no correlation between genotype and age group.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Infecções por Astroviridae/virologia , Diarreia/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Mamastrovirus/genética , Infecções por Astroviridae/diagnóstico , Genótipo , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
We analyzed fecal samples from hospitalized children up to three years of age with acute gastroenteritis at Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from May 2000-January 2004. Astrovirus and calicivirus were detected by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and adenovirus was detected using the Rotavirus and Adenovirus combined immunoenzyme assay. Astrovirus, adenovirus and calicivirus were detected at rates of 3.1%, 3.6% and 7.6%, respectively. These results re-emphasize the need for the establishment of regional vigilance systems to evaluate the impact of enteric viruses on viral gastroenteritis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Astroviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Astroviridae/diagnóstico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Caliciviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Caliciviridae/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/virologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a public health problem worldwide and the virus has been classified into six genotypes. In Brazil, the only genotype that has been found is genotype I, predominately from subgenotype IA. Here, the HAV genotypes were analyzed of 18 isolates circulating between 1996-2001 in Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil. Viral RNA was extracted from 18 serum samples and amplified (RT-PCR/nested-PCR), followed by the genomic sequencing of the VP1/2A junction region of the HAV genome. Sequences of 168 nucleotides were compared and analyzed using the BLAST N, Clustal X and PAUP v. 4.10b programs. All samples were classified as genotype I, with 10 belonging to subgenotype IA and eight to subgenotype IB. The subgenotype IA isolates showed greater diversity than the subgenotype IB isolates at the nucleotide level. Elevated identity values were found between isolates obtained in this study and those from other regions of the world, including Brazil, highlighting the high conservation among different isolates of this virus. However, changes in the HAV subgenotype circulation could also be observed during the evaluated period.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Vírus da Hepatite A/genética , Hepatite A/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Vírus da Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We analyzed fecal samples from hospitalized children up to three years of age with acute gastroenteritis at Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from May 2000-January 2004. Astrovirus and calicivirus were detected by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and adenovirus was detected using the Rotavirus and Adenovirus combined immunoenzyme assay. Astrovirus, adenovirus and calicivirus were detected at rates of 3.1 percent, 3.6 percent and 7.6 percent, respectively. These results re-emphasize the need for the establishment of regional vigilance systems to evaluate the impact of enteric viruses on viral gastroenteritis.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Astroviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Astroviridae/diagnóstico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/diagnóstico , Caliciviridae/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/virologia , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been considered the major occupational risk agent for dentists. The Central West region of Brazil is considered an intermediate endemic pattern area, but currently there is no information about the HBV prevalence in dentists of Goiânia, Goiás. This study aimed at the detection of the HBV infection rate and risk factors for dentists of Goiânia and the comparison of the obtained data with the general population and other groups. A randomized sample of 680 professionals participated in this study. All dentists gave written consent for the procedure and filled out a questionnaire about risk factors. The HBV serological markers were analyzed using ELISA test and the presence of anti-HBc was observed in 41 (6.0 percent) of the dentists. None of them was HBsAg positive. Significant relationships with HBV positivity were observed with gender, the time working as a dentist and the use of incomplete personal protective equipment (PPE). The HBV prevalence found in this group of dentists was lower than the endemic pattern of the general population, other health care workers of the region and the dentists from other regions in Brazil. These results may indicate a positive impact of vaccination considering the high adherence of the dentists to the immunization program (98.4 percent). Finally, the use of complete PPE by the majority as well as other standard precautions recommended for health care workers could be responsible for the low HBV seroprevalence.
O vírus da hepatite B (VHB) tem sido considerado o agente de maior risco ocupacional para o cirurgião-dentista (CD). A região Centro Oeste do Brasil é considerada de padrão endêmico intermediário para a infecção pelo vírus e não há informações sobre a prevalência do VHB em CD da cidade de Goiânia, Goiás. Este estudo objetivou determinar a soroprevalência da infecção pelo VHB e fatores de risco relacionados em CD de Goiânia comparando com dados da população geral e outros grupos populacionais. Uma amostra randomizada de 680 profissionais participou deste estudo. Após consentimento escrito, todos os CD responderam um questionário com informações sobre fatores de risco. Os marcadores sorológicos da infecção para o VHB foram analisados por meio do teste ELISA tendo sido observado o marcador de infecção viral, anti-HBc, em 41 (6.0 por cento) dentistas, nenhum deles positivo para o HBsAg. Associações significantes com a positividade ao VHB foram observadas em relação a gênero, ao tempo de trabalho e ao uso incompleto de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI). A soroprevalência ao VHB observada em CD foi inferior ao da população geral, para outros grupos de profissionais de saúde na mesma região e para CD de outras regiões do Brasil. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem impacto positivo da vacinação, considerando a alta adesão pelos CD ao programa de imunização (98,4 por cento). Finalmente, a adoção de todos os EPI pela maioria dos CD assim como às outras medidas de precauções padrão recomendadas para profissionais de saúde pode justificar a menor soroprevalência observada.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hepatite B , Vírus da Hepatite B , Imunização , Técnicas In Vitro , Infecções , Vacinação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Métodos , Biomarcadores , Prevalência , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4), encoded by group A rotavirus genome segment 10, is a multifunctional protein and the first recognized virus-encoded enterotoxin. The NSP4 gene has been sequenced, and five distinct genetic groups have been described: genotypes A-E. NSP4 genotypes A, B, and C have been detected in humans. In this study, the NSP4-encoding gene of human rotavirus strains of different G and P genotypes collected from children between 1987 and 2003 in three cities of West Central region of Brazil was characterized. NSP4 gene of 153 rotavirus-positive fecal samples was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced. For phylogenetic analysis, NSP4 nucleotide sequences of these samples were compared to nucleotide sequences of reference strains available in GenBank. Two distinct NSP4 genotypes could be identified: 141 (92.2 percent) sequences clustered with NSP4 genotype B, and 12 sequences (7.8 percent) clustered with NSP4 genotype A. These results reinforce that further investigations are needed to assess the validity of NSP4 as a suitable target for epidemiologic surveillance of rotavirus infections and vaccine development.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Glicoproteínas/genética , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Rotavirus/genética , Toxinas Biológicas/genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Fezes/virologia , Genótipo , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rotavirus/classificação , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and combined immunoenzyme assay for rotavirus and adenovirus were used to analyze 380 fecal samples from children up to three years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, between May 2000 and January 2004. Among all the samples, 88 (23.2%) were positive for Rotavirus A. Out of these, 81 (92%) had a defined electrophoretic pattern: 77 (87.5%) with a long pattern and four (4.5%) with a short pattern. Genotype G and P characterization was done by nested RT-PCR for 85 samples, of which 56 (65.9%) were genotyped as type G. Among these, 49 (87.5%) were G1, five (8.9%) were G4, one (1.8%) was G3 and one (1.8%) was G9. The genotype was found to be type P in 37 samples (43.5%) and all of these were P[8]. The G and P association most observed was G1P[8], with 33 samples (89.2%), followed by G4P[8], two samples (5.4%); G3P[8], one sample (2.7%); and G9P[8], one sample (2.7%).
Assuntos
Diarreia/virologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Rotavirus/classificação , Doença Aguda , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/virologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rotavirus/genética , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Através da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e do ensaio imunenzimático combinado para rotavírus e adenovirus, foram analisadas 380 amostras fecais de crianças com até 3 anos, hospitalizadas com diarréia aguda, entre maio de 2000 e janeiro de 2004, em Campo Grande, MS. Do total de amostras, 88 (23,2 por cento) foram positivas para Rotavirus A. Dentre essas, 81 (92 por cento) tiveram padrão eletroferotípico definido, sendo 77 (87,5 por cento) de padrão longo e quatro (4,5 por cento) de padrão curto. A caracterização genotípica G e P foi feita por RT-Nested-PCR para 85 amostras, sendo 56 (65,9 por cento) genotipáveis para genótipo G. Dentre essas, 49 (87,5 por cento) foram G1, cinco (8,9 por cento) G4, uma (1,8 por cento) G3 e uma (1,8 por cento) G9. Considerando a genotipagem P, 37 (43,5 por cento) foram genotipáveis e todas eram P[8]. A associação G e P mais observada foi G1P[8], 33 (89,2 por cento) amostras; seguida de G4P[8], duas (5,4 por cento) amostras; G3P[8], uma (2,7 por cento) amostra; e G9P[8], uma (2,7 por cento) amostra.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and combined immunoenzyme assay for rotavirus and adenovirus were used to analyze 380 fecal samples from children up to three years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, between May 2000 and January 2004. Among all the samples, 88 (23. 2 percent) were positive for Rotavirus A. Out of these, 81 (92 percent) had a defined electrophoretic pattern: 77 (87. 5 percent) with a long pattern and four (4. 5 percent) with a short pattern. Genotype G and P characterization was done by nested RT-PCR for 85 samples, of which 56 (65. 9 percent) were genotyped as type G. Among these, 49 (87. 5 percent) were G1, five (8. 9 percent) were G4, one (1. 8 percent) was G3 and one (1. 8 percent) was G9. The genotype was found to be type P in 37 samples (43. 5 percent) and all of these were P[8]. The G and P association most observed was G1P[8], with 33 samples (89. 2 percent), followed by G4P[8], two samples (5. 4 percent); G3P[8], one sample (2. 7 percent); and G9P[8], one sample (2. 7 percent).