RESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo caracterizar o conhecimento sobre uso de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos entre enfermeiros da assistência hospitalar à saúde. Métodos pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva-exploratória, com aplicação de questionário validado, traduzido e adaptado no Brasil, sobre medicamentos potencialmente perigosos, com 26 enfermeiros assistenciais em hospital universitário. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva univariada e bivariada dos dados, por meio do Statistical Package for Social Science, versão 20. Consideraram-se como conhecimento suficiente escores ≥70% ou conhecimento insuficiente escores <70%. Resultados no primeiro domínio do questionário, denominado Administração dos medicamentos, o percentual médio de acertos foi de 64,6%. No segundo domínio, Procedimentos clínicos, encontrou-se média de 53,7% de acertos. O uso dos eletrólitos, quimioterápicos e de insulina foram as principais fragilidades no saber dos profissionais. Conclusão identificou-se conhecimento insuficiente sobre a administração e os procedimentos clínicos de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos entre os enfermeiros assistenciais hospitalares neste cenário.
ABSTRACT Objective to characterize the knowledge about the use of potentially dangerous drugs among hospital health care nurses. Methods quantitative, descriptive-exploratory research, with the application of a validated questionnaire, translated and adapted in Brazil, on potentially dangerous medications, with 26 nursing assistants in a university hospital. Univariate and bivariate descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 20. Scores ≥70% were considered as sufficient knowledge and insufficient knowledge scores <70%. Results in the first domain of the questionnaire, called Medication Administration, the average percentage of correct answers was 64.6%. In the second domain, Clinical procedures, an average of 53.7% of correct answers was found. The use of electrolytes, chemotherapy and insulin were the main weaknesses in the knowledge of professionals. Conclusion insufficient knowledge about the administration and clinical procedures of potentially dangerous drugs was identified among hospital care nurses in this scenario.
Assuntos
Assistência Hospitalar , Segurança do Paciente , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados , Erros de MedicaçãoRESUMO
α-Terpineol (TP) is present in a wide range of essential oils of the genus Eucalyptus, with recognized potential for a range of biological effects, such as analgesic. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the effect of TP on cancer pain induced by sarcoma 180 in Swiss mice. Our results showed that TP reduced significantly mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous and palpation-induced nociception, improved paw use without reducing tumor growth and grip strength. Importantly, no evident biochemical and hematological toxicity was oberved. Furthermore, TP increased the tissue antioxidant capacity due to ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and glutathione (GSH). TP also reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunocontent in the tumors. Molecular docking estimated that TP binds within the same range of iNOS regions (other iNOS inhibitors), such as N-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). These data provide strong evidence that TP may be an interesting candidate for the development of new safe analgesic drugs that are effective for cancer pain control.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Dor do Câncer/tratamento farmacológico , Cicloexenos/uso terapêutico , Monoterpenos/uso terapêutico , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/antagonistas & inibidores , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sarcoma 180 , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Cicloexenos/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
Propolis is known for its biological properties and its preparations have been continuously investigated in an attempt to solve the problem of their standardization, an issue that limits the use of propolis in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic effects of extracts of red, green, and brown propolis from different regions of Brazil, obtained by ethanolic and supercritical extraction methods. We found that propolis extracts obtained by both these methods showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. The extracts obtained by ethanolic extraction showed higher antioxidant activity than that shown by the extracts obtained by supercritical extraction. Ethanolic extracts of red propolis exhibited up to 98% of the maximum antioxidant activity at the highest extract concentration. Red propolis extracts obtained by ethanolic and supercritical methods showed the highest levels of antimicrobial activity against several bacteria. Most extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. None of the extracts analyzed showed activity against Escherichia coli or Candida albicans. An inhibitory effect of all tested ethanolic extracts on the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain epimastigotes was observed in the first 24 h. However, after 96 h, a persistent inhibitory effect was detected only for red propolis samples. Only ethanolic extracts of red propolis samples R01Et.B2 and R02Et.B2 showed a cytotoxic effect against all four cancer cell lines tested (HL-60, HCT-116, OVCAR-8, and SF-295), indicating that red propolis extracts have great cytotoxic potential. The biological effects of ethanolic extracts of red propolis revealed in the present study suggest that red propolis can be a potential alternative therapeutic treatment against Chagas disease and some types of cancer, although high activity of red propolis in vitro needs to be confirmed by future in vivo investigations.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Própole/farmacologia , Antiparasitários/farmacologia , Brasil , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Recent studies have revealed the high cytotoxicity of p-menthane derivatives against human tumor cells. In this study, the substance perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide, a p-menthane class derivative obtained from (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol, was selected in order to assess antitumor activity against experimental sarcoma 180 tumors. Toxicological effects related to the liver, spleen, kidneys and hematology were evaluated in mice submitted to treatment. The tumor growth inhibition rate was 38.4%, 58.7%, 35.3%, 45.4% and 68.1% at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide, perillyl alcohol and 25 mg/kg/day for 5-FU intraperitoneal treatments, respectively. No toxicologically significant effect was found in liver and kidney parameters analyzed in Sarcoma 180-inoculated mice treated with perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide. Histopathological analyses of the liver, spleen, and kidneys were free from any morphological changes in the organs of the animals treated with perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide. In conclusion, the data suggest that perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide possesses significant antitumor activity without systemic toxicity for the tested parameters. By comparison, there was no statistical difference for the antitumor activity between perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide and perillyl alcohol.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Feminino , Fluoruracila/farmacologia , CamundongosRESUMO
The strategy of antiangiogenic drugs is based on inhibiting formation of new blood vessels as alternative to limit cancer progression. In this work, we investigated the antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of eight thalidomide derivatives. Most of the molecules was not cytotoxic but 2a, 2d and 3d revealed weak antiproliferative activity on HL-60, Sarcoma 180 (S180) and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thalidomide, 2a and 2b were able to inhibit tumor growth (53.5%, 67.9% and 67.4%, respectively) in S180-bearing mice and presented moderate and reversible toxicity on liver, kidneys and spleens. Both analogs (2a and 2b) inhibited cell migration of endothelial (HUVEC) and melanoma cells (MDA/MB-435) at 50µg/mL. Immunohistochemistry labeling assays with CD-31 (PECAM-1) antibody showed microvascular density (MVD) was significantly reduced in thalidomide, 2a and 2b groups (30±4.9, 64.6±1.8 and 46.5±19.5%, respectively) (p<0.05). Neovascularization evaluated by Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay (CAM) with compounds 2a and 2b showed reduction of vessels' number (12. 9±2.3 and 14.8±3.3%), neovascularization area (13.1±1.7 and 14.3±1.7%) and total length of vessels (9.2±1.5 and 9.9±1.9%). On the other hand, thalidomide did not alter vascularization parameters. Consequently, addition of thiosemicarbazone pharmacophore group into the phthalimidic ring improved the in vivo antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of the analogs 2a and 2b.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/química , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Talidomida/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Embrião de Galinha , Membrana Corioalantoide/irrigação sanguínea , Membrana Corioalantoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Talidomida/análogos & derivados , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Compounds isolated from essential oils play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Monoterpenes are natural products, and the principal constituents of many essential oils. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic potential of p-menthane derivatives. Additionally, analogues of perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene with known anticancer activity, were evaluated to identify the molecular characteristics which contribute to their cytotoxicity, which was tested against OVCAR-8, HCT-116, and SF-295 human tumor cell lines, using the MTT assay. The results of this study showed that (-)-perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide exhibited the highest percentage inhibition of cell proliferation (GI = 96.32%-99.89%). Perillyl alcohol exhibited high cytotoxic activity (90.92%-95.82%), while (+)-limonene 1,2-epoxide (GI = 58.48%-93.10%), (-)-perillaldehyde (GI = 59.28%-83.03%), and (-)-8-hydroxycarvotanacetone (GI = 61.59%-94.01%) showed intermediate activity. All of the compounds tested were less cytotoxic than perillyl alcohol, except (-)-perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide (IC50 = 1.75-1.03 µL/mg). In general, replacement of C-C double bonds by epoxide groups in addition to the aldehyde group increases cytotoxicity. Furthermore, stereochemistry seems to play an important role in cytotoxicity. We have demonstrated the cytotoxic influence of chemical substituents on the p-menthane structure, and analogues of perillyl alcohol.
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Antineoplásicos , Citotoxinas , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Terpenos , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citotoxinas/síntese química , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The search for new bioactive substances with anticancer activity and the understanding of their mechanisms of action are high-priorities in the research effort toward more effective treatments for cancer. The phenylpropanoids are natural products found in many aromatic and medicinal plants, food, and essential oils. They exhibit various pharmacological activities and have applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the anticancer potential of 17 phenylpropanoids and derivatives from essential oils is discussed. Chemical structures, experimental report, and mechanisms of action of bioactive substances are presented.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Eugenol/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/química , Eugenol/química , Humanos , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A presença de metástase permanece como a principal causa de morte pelo câncer. Diante da ausência de terapia farmacológica para o tratamento de tumores secundários, a pesquisa de novas drogas com potencial antimetastático é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos anticâncer. Neste quadro, decidimos avaliar o potencial antimetatástico da biflorina, uma o-naftoquinona isolada das raízes da Capraria biflora. Em ensaio de proliferação celular por Alamar blue, observamos que esta quinona possui atividade citotóxica contra melanoma humano (MDAMB-435) a partir da concentração 5 μM em 24h de exposição. Porém, nessa mesma dose, não houve efeito citotóxico em 12h de exposição. Ensaios de azul de tripan e cristal violeta mostraram que nas concentrações de 1,0; 2,5 5 5,0 μM durante 12h de exposição a biflorina não possui efeito citotóxico. Utilizando as concentrações de 1,0; 2,5 e 5,0 μM (12h de exposição) foram realizados ensaio de migração e invasão celular. Nestes ensaios observamos que a biflorina diminui a motilidade e a invasividade da célula MDAMB-435. Em análise morfológica das células, utilizando coloração de May-Grunwald-Giemsa e coloração de actina por faloidina, observamos que a biflorina altera a organização do citoesqueleto de actina, com a presença de células menores, retraídas e células maiores com expansões filamentosas semelhantes a filopódios. Em ensaio de Western blot observou-se a diminuição na expressão da molécula de adesão N-caderina e inibição da via de sinalização PI3K-Akt. Estes resultados conferem a biflorina um potencial antimetastático bastante promissor...