RESUMO
Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) restricted to and primarily involving one or both kidneys, with no lymph node extension. It accounts for <1% of extranodal lymphomas, and descriptions in the literature are limited. Here, we describe an unprecedented case of bilateral PRL in a 44-year-old woman with Turner syndrome and discuss both diagnostic and therapeutic issues in the light of the available literature in the field. A personalized approach to this rare disease is necessary.
RESUMO
Angiogenesis is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α, also termed HIF1A) might contribute to this process. Currently, there is no direct evidence that the clinical progression of indolent NHL is associated with angiogenesis, and the expression of HIF-1α at recurrence is unknown. Matched lymph node biopsies at diagnosis and recurrence of relapsed/refractory indolent NHL patients were analysed by immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis. We observed an increased vascular network and HIF-1α protein expression in the second biopsy, providing direct evidence that angiogenesis is an essential process for disease progression.
Assuntos
Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/biossíntese , Linfoma não Hodgkin/fisiopatologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Neovascularização Patológica/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/genética , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/genética , Linfoma Folicular/metabolismo , Linfoma Folicular/fisiopatologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/genética , Linfoma não Hodgkin/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , RecidivaRESUMO
Pro-inflammatory mediators hold important functions in human body in response to infection, trauma and vascular disease. However, their action is down regulated by the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus restoring a balance which reflects the immune status of a given individual. Recent studies have stressed out the importance of circulating levels of cytokines for forensic purposes even if there is a lack of studies regarding the role of post-mortem mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. In this respect, Peyer's patches (PP), represent one of the most important immunological site of the body and the major component of the gut -associated lymphoid tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-mortem PP immune response in 40 serial autopsy cases of people who died from natural and traumatic death. The study examined spontaneous release of the following cytokines by fresh isolated PP cells: interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and IL-8. Results will show that higher levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and IL-8 are statistically correlated with the traumatic death group. From a forensic point of view these data demonstrate that fundamental lymphoid organs, such as PP, may have a potential in diagnosing the cause of death.