RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Paravalvular aortic regurgitation (PVAR) remains a frequent postprocedural concern following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Persistence of flow turbulence results in the cleavage of high-molecular-weight von Willebrand multimers, primary haemostasis dysfunction and may favour bleedings. Recent data have emphasized the value of a point-of-care measure of von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet function (closure time [CT] adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) in the monitoring of immediate PVAR. This study examined whether CT-ADP could detect PVAR at 30 days and bleeding complications following TAVR. METHODS: CT-ADP was assessed at baseline and the day after the procedure. At 30 days, significant PVAR was defined as a circumferential extent of regurgitation more than 10% by transthoracic echocardiography. Events at follow-up were assessed according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus classification. RESULTS: Significant PVAR was diagnosed in 44 out of 219 patients (20.1%). Important reduction of CT-ADP could be found in patients without PVAR, contrasting with the lack of CT-ADP improvement in significant PVAR patients. By multivariate analysis, CT-ADP > 180 seconds (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5-10.6; p < 0.001) and a self-expandable valve were the sole independent predictors of 30-day PVAR. At follow-up, postprocedural CT-ADP >180 seconds was identified as an independent predictor of major/life-threatening bleeding (HR: 1.7, 95% CI [1.0-3.1]; p = 0.049). Major/life-threatening bleedings were at their highest levels in patients with postprocedural CT-ADP > 180 seconds (35.2 vs. 18.8%; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Postprocedural CT-ADP > 180 seconds is an independent predictor of significant PVAR 30 days after TAVR and may independently contribute to major/life-threatening bleedings.
Assuntos
Difosfato de Adenosina/sangue , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Agregação Plaquetária , Testes de Função Plaquetária/métodos , Testes Imediatos , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/sangue , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/etiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/sangue , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Feminino , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/sangue , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Desenho de Prótese , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/instrumentação , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de von Willebrand/metabolismoRESUMO
The purpose of this work was to evaluate CMR T1 and T2 mapping sequences in patients with intracardiac thrombi and masses in order to assess T1 and T2 relaxometry usefulness and to allow better etiological diagnosis. This observational study of patients scheduled for routine CMR was performed from September 2014 to August 2015. All patients referred to our department for a 1.5 T CMR were screened to participate. T1 mapping were acquired before and after Gadolinium injection; T2 mapping images were obtained before injection. 41 patients were included. 22 presented with cardiac thrombi and 19 with cardiac masses. The native T1 of thrombi was 1037 ± 152 ms (vs 1032 ± 39 ms for myocardium, p = 0.88; vs 1565 ± 88 ms for blood pool, p < 0.0001). T2 were 74 ± 13 ms (vs 51 ± 3 ms for myocardium, p < 0.0001; vs 170 ± 32 ms for blood pool, p < 0.0001). Recent thrombi had a native T1 shorter than old thrombi (911 ± 177 vs 1169 ± 107 ms, p = 0.01). The masses having a shorter T1 than the myocardium were lipomas (278 ± 29 ms), calcifications (621 ± 218 ms), and melanoma (736 ms). All other masses showed T1 values higher than myocardial T1, with T2 consistently >70 ms. T1 and T2 mapping CMR sequences can be useful and represent a new approach for the evaluation of cardiac thrombi and masses.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Trombose/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Organometálicos/administração & dosagem , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postprocedural aortic regurgitation occurs in 10 to 20% of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) for aortic stenosis. We hypothesized that assessment of defects in high-molecular-weight (HMW) multimers of von Willebrand factor or point-of-care assessment of hemostasis could be used to monitor aortic regurgitation during TAVR. METHODS: We enrolled 183 patients undergoing TAVR. Patients with aortic regurgitation after the initial implantation, as identified by means of transesophageal echocardiography, underwent additional balloon dilation to correct aortic regurgitation. HMW multimers and the closure time with adenosine diphosphate (CT-ADP), a point-of-care measure of hemostasis, were assessed at baseline and 5 minutes after each step of the procedure. Mortality was evaluated at 1 year. A second cohort (201 patients) was studied to validate the use of CT-ADP in order to identify patients with aortic regurgitation. RESULTS: After the initial implantation, HMW multimers normalized in patients without aortic regurgitation (137 patients). Among the 46 patients with aortic regurgitation, normalization occurred in 20 patients in whom additional balloon dilation was successful but did not occur in the 26 patients with persistent aortic regurgitation. A similar sequence of changes was observed with CT-ADP. A CT-ADP value of more than 180 seconds had sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 92.3%, 92.4%, and 98.6%, respectively, for aortic regurgitation, with similar results in the validation cohort. Multivariable analyses showed that the values for HMW multimers and CT-ADP at the end of TAVR were each associated with mortality at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of HMW-multimer defects and a high value for a point-of-care hemostatic test, the CT-ADP, were each predictive of the presence of aortic regurgitation after TAVR and were associated with higher mortality 1 year after the procedure. (Funded by Lille 2 University and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02628509.).
Assuntos
Difosfato de Adenosina/sangue , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Fator de von Willebrand/análise , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/sangue , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/mortalidade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Hemostasia/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Testes Imediatos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/sangue , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fator de von Willebrand/químicaAssuntos
Calcinose , Cardiomiopatias , Imagem Multimodal/métodos , Idoso , Calcinose/diagnóstico , Calcinose/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ecocardiografia sob Estresse/métodos , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosAssuntos
Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/secundário , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Melanoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Melanoma/secundário , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
Endovascular procedures, such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), and endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR) have been established as promising less invasive therapeutic options. However, despite continuous advances and device improvements, the use of large-sheaths still remains an important challenge, since significant coexisting arterial disease may be encountered in patients undergoing such procedures. Identification of coexisting arterial diseases by optimal preoperative imaging assessment is essential to anticipate these difficulties and avoid the complications by using adequate access options. Should a vascular complication such as iliac rupture occur, vascular interventionists must be aware of salvage procedures to control and treat major complications, such as maintaining wire access across the rupture for occlusion balloon placement and vessel control, while disruption is addressed either through an endovascular or an open approach. The aims of this review are to describe how to prevent vascular complications by optimal preoperative imaging assessment, to detail intraoperative options available for addressing difficult access issues and to discuss how to manage intraoperative major vascular complications.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , HumanosRESUMO
We report a very rare case of a 43-year-old patient with fatal left ventricular subepicardial aneurysm rupture complicating embolic myocardial infarction due to mitral valve infective endocarditis.