RESUMO
Resumen Antecedentes: las carreras universitarias de la salud deben promover estilos de vida sanos. Objetivo: identificar la relación entre el perfil del estilo de vida, la percepción del estilo de vida saludable y la percepción sobre la carrera de Nutriología de los estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala. Materiales y métodos: tipo de estudio transversal y correlacional. Se evaluaron 145 estudiantes de ambos sexos con tres instrumentos aplicados en un mismo momento. Los datos se reportaron en medianas y se compararon con la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se realizaron las pruebas de correlación entre las tres variables con r de Pearson. Resultados: el perfil del estilo de vida tuvo una puntuación diferenciada por sexo (p=0,002); la percepción de estilos de vida saludable (p=0,123) y la percepción de su disciplina (p=0,775) fueron similares entre sexos. Sobresale que el estilo de vida se correlacionó positivamente con la percepción de este (r=0,35; p=0,002). La percepción del estilo de vida se relaciona con la percepción de la carrera (r=0,202; p=0,015), pero no se encontró correlación entre el estilo de vida y la percepción de la disciplina (r=0,08; p=0,34). Conclusiones: a mayor perfil de estilo de vida satisfactorio más alta es la percepción de un estilo de vida saludable.
Abstract Background: University majors that focus on health should promote healthy lifestyles. Objective: Identify the relationship between actual lifestyles, perceptions of healthy lifestyles, and perceptions surrounding being a Nutrition major in the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional and cor relational study. 145 students, both male and female, were evaluated with the application of three tools simul taneously. Data were reported as medians and were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Correlation tests were performed between the three variables using Pearson's r. Results: Lifestyles of students varied by male vs. female (p=0.002). Healthy lifestyle perceptions (p = 0.123) and students' perception of their discipline (p = 0.775) were similar for both genders. It can be highlighted that lifestyle was positively correlated with the perception of it (r = 0.35; p = 0.002). Lifestyle perception was correlated with the perception of their major of study (nutrition) (r = 0.202; p = 0.015), but no correlation was found between lifestyle and discipline perception (r=0.08; p=0.34). Conclusions: The higher the profile of a satisfying lifestyle, the higher the perception of a healthy lifestyle.
Assuntos
Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Estilo de Vida SaudávelRESUMO
Oxidative stress is associated with several chronic diseases. It is acknowledged that molecules damaged by reactive oxygen species activate the inflammatory process and that this response increases the production of free radicals. Modifications in a diet can improve or decrease redox state markers. The aim of this revision was to provide an update of clinical controlled trials, to assess changes in diet and markers of oxidative stress in subjects with metabolic diseases. They were investigated randomized controlled intervention studies (RCTs) published in MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) that were conducted in subjects with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia; with dietary intervention; where markers of oxidative stress have been evaluated and published in the last 5 years. Food antioxidants, hypocaloric diets with loss of adipose tissue, substitution of animal protein by vegetable, and changes in the microbiota improve antioxidant status in people with chronic disease. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus and adipose tissue in obesity are known to trigger oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, in turn, decreases insulin sensitivity and favors an inflammatory state producing adhesion molecules. Oxidative stress and adhesion molecules, can increase blood pressure and oxidation of lipoproteins, that ultimately could lead to a cerebrovascular event. Consumption of high-antioxidant and polyphenol foods increases plasma antioxidant capacity and decreases oxidative stress markers in people with diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, weight loss caused by caloric restriction with or without exercise increases the endogenous antioxidant capacity. Therefore, it is likely that the combination of a hypocaloric diet with a high content of antioxidants and polyphenols will have a greater effect. Other dietary changes with antioxidant effect, such as the substitution of animal for vegetable protein or the addition of fiber, might be mediated by changes in the microbiota. However, this aspect requires further study.
Assuntos
Hiperglicemia , Obesidade , Animais , Antioxidantes , Dieta Redutora , Estresse Oxidativo , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre calidad de vida laboral (CVL) y el desempeño organizacional (DO) de trabajadores de siete hospitales públicos, a partir del análisis de la influencia de la gestión directiva (GD) como mediadora de esta relación. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 866 profesionales y directivos de hospitales públicos de Tlaxcala y de la Ciudad de México. La CVL fue medida con un instrumento validado, el DO con 34 indicadores y la GD con un instrumento diseñado para este estudio. Resultados: Los puntajes de gestión directiva, CVL, DO y GD fueron significativamente menores en los trabajadores de Tlaxcala. Los participantes que percibieron adecuada GD incrementaron 2.7 veces más la probabilidad de percibir elevada CVL y los participantes categorizados en elevada CVL presentaron 69% mayor probabilidad de tener adecuado DO. Conclusiones: La adecuada GD se asoció con una mejor CVL, lo que mostró ser una variable mediadora de la relación positiva entre CVL y DO.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the relationship between labor quality of life (LQL) and organizational workers performance (OWP) from seven public hospitals, analyzing the influence of the personnel management (PM) as mediator of this relationship. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 866 professionals and managers of public hospitals from Tlaxcala and Mexico City. The LQL was assessed with a validated questionnaire, OWP with 34 indicators, and PM with an instrument designed for this study. Results: Mean scores of LQL, were significantly lower among workers from Tlaxcala. Participants who perceived an adequate PM, they increased at 2.7 times their likelihood of having highest LQL, and participants categorized in the high LQL presented 69% higher likelihood of having an adequate OWP. Conclusions: The appropriate PM was associated with greater LQL, showing to be a mediator variable between the positive relationship of CVL and the OWP.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Administração de Recursos Humanos em Hospitais , Qualidade de Vida , Desempenho Profissional/normas , Hospitais Públicos , Satisfação no Emprego , Estudos Transversais , Saúde Ocupacional , Eficiência Organizacional , MéxicoRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Validar un instrumento para medir la calidad de vida laboral en hospitales públicos (CVL-HP) de Tlaxcala, México. Material y métodos: El instrumento fue validado en 669 trabajadores de seis hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud de Tlaxcala, México. Se evaluó validez de contenido por consulta a expertos, de constructo mediante análisis factorial, de criterio por comparación con otras escalas y la confiabilidad con Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: El análisis factorial descubrió cuatro dimensiones: “bienestar individual”, “condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo”, “organización” y “bienestar logrado a través del trabajo”. La confiabilidad fue de 0.921. Los trabajadores con mejor CVL-HP fueron menores de 50 años, de contrato, con menor antigüedad laboral, personal de jornada acumulada diurna y aquéllos con licenciatura. Conclusiones: La escala CVL-HP mostró ser psicométricamente válida y confiable. Se recomienda probar esta escala en otras instituciones públicas y privadas, y relacionarla con indicadores de desempeño y gestión de los servicios de salud.
Abstract: Objective: To validate a scale for assessing the labour quality of life in public hospitals (LQL-PH) from Tlaxcala, Mexico. Materials and methods: The instrument was validated among 669 health workers from six hospitals from the Ministry of Health of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Content validity was by inquiry to experts, construct validity by factor analysis, criterion validity by comparing with other scales, and reliability with Cronbach’s Alpha. Results: The factor analysis uncovered four dimensions: “individual welfare”, “conditions and labour environment”, “organization”, and “well-being accomplished by the work”; reliability was 0.921. Workers who perceibed better LQL-PH were: under 50 years old, with temporary contract, with less seniority in job, with work schedule at daytime of weekends, and those with academic degree. Conclusions: LQL-PH showed to be an instrument phsycometrically valid and reliable. It’s recommendable to prove this scale in other public and private health institutions, as well as its relationship with key health care indicators of labour performance and management.