Mechanisms and effects of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, on ovarian granulosa cells-a systematic review.

Granulosa cells, crucial components of ovarian follicles, play a fundamental role in follicle development, hormone production, and overall reproductive health. These cells are integral to steroidogenesis, including the synthesis and secretion of key hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Dysregulation of granulosa cells can lead to reproductive disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility. This systematic review provides a comprehensive evaluation of AdipoRon, a synthetic agonist of adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, and its effects on ovarian function, with a particular focus on granulosa cells. Due to the absence of clinical trials, the review centers on preclinical studies to explore AdipoRon's potential therapeutic benefits and to suggest future research directions. A detailed literature search across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted using terms related to AdipoRon and ovarian function. The review encompasses four preclinical studies involving various models: primary granulosa cells from rats, laying hens' granulosa cells, human luteinized granulosa cells, and chicken ovary follicles. Findings indicate that AdipoRon enhances glucose absorption in rat granulosa cells by stimulating glucose transporter 1 expression, modulates steroid hormone secretion in laying hens' granulosa cells, and affects cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in human luteinized granulosa cells. Additionally, AdipoRon, in conjunction with recombinant chicken adiponectin, influences ovarian follicular cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in chicken ovary follicles. This review highlights the need for further investigation into AdipoRon's long-term effects and its potential applications in reproductive health and therapy.

Análise comparativa da percepção de pessoas idosas e adultos hospitalizados sobre a qualidade da dieta hospitalar / Comparative analysis of older adults and hospitalized adults' perception of hospital diet quality

Resumo Objetivo analisar e comparar a percepção da qualidade da dieta hospitalar entre pessoas idosas e adultos hospitalizados. Método pesquisa quali-quantitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital público do interior paulista, com pessoas idosas (n=185) e adultos (n=185), hospitalizados há pelo menos três dias, recebendo dieta via oral geral/branda e distribuídos segundo o tipo de dieta prescrito: sem restrição de alimentos (GSR), para controle glicêmico (GDM) ou hipossódica (GHSS). Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas individuais, empregando-se questionário validado. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio da escala Likert, considerando-se as categorias sabor, temperatura, quantidade, aparência, horário das refeições, higiene e disponibilidade para substituição de alimentos. Os dados qualitativos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática e, os quantitativos à análise descritiva e estatística pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis (variáveis quantitativas) e qui-quadrado (variáveis qualitativas). Resultados independentemente da dieta prescrita (p≥0,05), pessoas idosas e adultos hospitalizados consideraram a qualidade da dieta hospitalar satisfatória (Bom/Ótimo) entre as categorias de satisfação avaliadas, exceto o sabor, que para as pessoas idosas, apresentou associação significativa com a dieta prescrita (p=0,05). Três categorias temáticas emergiram dos relatos, mostrando que pessoas idosas e adultos compreendem a importância da dieta hospitalar para recuperação da saúde, mas ainda se vê a expectativa negativa quanto à refeição ofertada. Conclusão a dieta hospitalar com restrição influencia a percepção de sabor em pessoas idosas. Conhecer essa particularidade pode auxiliar na criação de estratégias de adequação e melhor aceitação da dieta hospitalar para esse grupo etário.

Abstract Objective To analyze and compare the perception of hospital diet quality between older adults and hospitalized adults. Method Quali-quantitative research conducted at a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, involving older adults (n=185) and adults (n=185) who have been hospitalized for at least three days, receiving a general/soft oral diet, and classified according to the prescribed diet type: unrestricted diet (GSR), for glycemic control (GDM), or low-sodium (GHSS). The data were collected through individual interviews, utilizing a validated questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed using a Likert scale, considering the categories of taste, temperature, quantity, appearance, meal timing, hygiene, and availability for food substitution. The qualitative data were subjected to thematic content analysis, while the quantitative data underwent descriptive and statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis tests (for quantitative variables) and chi-square tests (for qualitative variables). Results Regardless of the prescribed diet (p≥0.05), both older adults and hospitalized adults considered the quality of hospital food satisfactory (Good/Excellent) across the assessed satisfaction categories, except for taste, which showed a significant association with the prescribed diet for older adults (p=0.05). Three thematic categories emerged from the reports, indicating that both older adults and adults understand the importance of hospital diet for health recovery, yet a negative expectation regarding the offered meal is still prevalent. Hospital diets with restrictions influence taste perception in older adults. Understanding this particularity can assist in the creation of strategies for adaptation and better acceptance of hospital diets for this age group.

Oral Infection and Survival of Trypanosoma cruzi in Sugarcane Juice Conditioned at Different Temperatures.

PURPOSE: The current most important form of transmission for Trypanosoma cruzi is the oral route, being responsible for high mortality during the acute phase in infected individuals. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possibility of infection for this parasite using sugarcane juice in different temperatures employing metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained from xenodiagnosis performed in Swiss mice previously infected with T.cruzi Y strain, and then diluted in sugarcane juice. METHODS: For stomach histopathological analysis, 20 mice were infected with metacyclic trypomastigotes diluted in sugarcane juice and euthanized after the 2nd, 4th, 10th, and 15th days after infection. Concurrently, six batches of ten mice were fed using 1.5 mL of the mixture and kept for 12 h at the temperatures of - 80 ºC, - 20 ºC, + 2 ºC, + 28 ºC, + 60 ºC, and + 80 ºC, for later infection verification. RESULTS: Inflammatory infiltrate was found after the 2nd day of infection, and amastigotes nests were present after the 4th, 10th, and 15th day in the margo plicatus stomach region. Viable trypomastigotes were observed in the microtubes kept at - 80 ºC, - 20 ºC, and + 2 ºC, but the animal's infection was observed in the - 80 ºC and + 2 ºC groups. In vitro tests demonstrated the decrease of T. cruzi trypomastigote viability, which was negative after 120 h at -20 ºC and 144 h at + 2 ºC, in contrast to the maintenance of survival after 168 h at - 80 ºC. CONCLUSION: We observed the ability of survival and infection of T. cruzi packaged at - 80 ºC without the use of preservatives and, therefore, less suitable for storing food.

Incidence of Bacteriobilia and the Correlation with Antibioticoprophylaxis in Low-Risk Patients Submitted to Elective Videolaparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Cholelithiasis has a major impact on global health and affects an average of 20% of the Western population. The main risk factors are females, age over 40 years, obesity and pregnancy. Most of the time it is asymptomatic, but when there are symptoms, they are generally nonspecific. Bile was considered sterile, but today it is known that it contains a complex bacterial flora, which causes biofilm in the gallbladder and gallstones. Among the main bacteria associated with cholelithiasis are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, species of Enterococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. Antibiotic prophylaxis is used in an attempt to reduce postoperative infections, especially at the surgical site. However, some authors found no relationship between the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and a lower risk of surgical site infection. Thus, the aim of this double-blind randomized clinical trial was to compare the existence or not of bacteriobilia in patients at low anesthetic risk who underwent videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy, and its correlation with the use of prophylactic antibiotics. This study included 40 patients between 18 and 65 years old, diagnosed with cholelithiasis, symptomatic or not, with low anesthetic risk classified by the American Society of Anesthesiology in ASA I or ASA II, without complications or previous manipulation of the bile duct, who underwent elective video cholecystectomy, divided into two groups: Experimental Group A (n = 20), which received 2 g of Cephalotin (first-generation Cephalosporin, Keflin®, ABL antibiotics, Cosmópolis, Brazil) during anesthetic induction, and Control Group B (n = 20), where no antibiotics were administered until bile collection. After the procedure, a bile sample was collected and culture and antibiogram were performed. In the sample, 22 (55%) were classified as ASA I and 18 (45%) as ASA II. It was observed that 81.8% of the patients who had a positive culture did not use antibiotics, against 18.2% of those who used prophylaxis. When comparing patients regarding anesthetic risk, ASA I patients had a positive culture in 9.1% of cases, against 90.9% in patients classified as ASA II. It was concluded that patients with higher anesthetic risk (ASA II) have a higher chance of bacteriobilia and benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis when compared to patients with lower anesthetic risk (ASA I).

The Relationship between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, TNF-α, and IL-10 Gene Expression.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the major chronic diseases in children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in T1DM. A total of 107 patients were included, 15 were T1DM in ketoacidosis, 30 patients had T1DM and HbA1c ≥ 8%; 32 patients had T1DM and presented HbA1c < 8%; and 30 were controls. The expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in real time. The cytokines gene expression was higher in patients with T1DM. The IL-10 gene expression increased substantially in patients with ketoacidosis, and there was a positive correlation with HbA1c. A negative correlation was found for IL-10 expression and the age of patients with diabetes, and the time of diagnosis of the disease. There was a positive correlation between TNF-α expression with age. The expression of IL-10 and TNF-α genes showed a significant increase in DM1 patients. Once current T1DM treatment is based on exogenous insulin, there is a need for other therapies, and inflammatory biomarkers could bring new possibilities to the therapeutic approach of the patients.

CDK10, CDK11, FOXO1, and FOXO3 Gene Expression in Alzheimer's Disease Encephalic Samples.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder that affects different regions of the brain. Its pathophysiology includes the accumulation of ß-amyloid protein, formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and inflammatory processes. Genetic factors are involved in the onset of AD, but they are not fully elucidated. Identification of gene expression in encephalic tissues of patients with AD may help elucidate its development. Our objectives were to characterize and compare the gene expression of CDK10, CDK11, FOXO1, and FOXO3 in encephalic tissue samples from AD patients and elderly controls, from the auditory cortex and cerebellum. RT-qPCR was used on samples from 82 individuals (45 with AD and 37 controls). We observed a statistically significant increase in CDK10 (p = 0.029*) and CDK11 (p = 0.048*) gene expression in the AD group compared to the control, which was most evident in the cerebellum. Furthermore, the Spearman test demonstrated the presence of a positive correlation of gene expression both in the auditory cortex in the AD group (r = 0.046/p = 0.004) and control group (r = 0.454/p = 0.005); and in the cerebellum in the AD group (r = 0.654 /p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference and correlation in the gene expression of FOXO1 and FOXO3 in the AD group and the control. In conclusion, CDK10 and CDK11 have high expression in AD patients compared to control, and they present a positive correlation of gene expression in the analyzed groups and tissues, which suggests that they play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.

Playful activity with robot for hand hygiene of elementary school students: quasi-experimental study / Actividad lúdica con robot para la higiene de manos de estudiantes de educación primaria: estudio cuasi experimental / Atividade lúdica com robô para higienização das mãos de estudantes do ensino fundamental: estudo quase-experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the hand hygiene process after elementary school students participated in an educational activity using an automated digital technology called Tutor Robot. Method: Quasi-experimental study developed in 2019 with elementary school students (n=203). Hand hygiene was performed with a fluorescent solution before and after participating in an educational activity with a tutor robot. The images were recorded in a dark chamber and the data related to area of residence, grade, gender, hand position and laterality were analyzed by Anova and Holm-Sidak Post-Hoc (p≤0,05). Results: All conditions studied improved the hand hygiene process after activity with the tutor robot. There was no association between grade, gender, and dominant hand and the performance in the hand hygiene process, however, students from urban areas performed better than those from rural areas. Conclusion: The activity with the tutor robot represented an important resource for conducting health education actions on hand hygiene and can also be tested in other settings and populations.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del proceso de higiene de manos tras la participación de estudiantes de educación primaria en una actividad educativa, utilizando una tecnología digital automatizada denominada Tutor Robot. Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental desarrollado en 2019 con estudiantes de primaria (n=203). Se realizó higiene de manos con una solución fluorescente antes y después de participar en una actividad educativa con un robot tutor. Las imágenes se grabaron en un cuarto oscuro y los datos relacionados con la zona de residencia, el grado, el sexo, la posición de la mano y la lateralidad se analizaron mediante Anova y Post-Hoc de Holm-Sidak (p≤0,05). Resultados: Todas las condiciones estudiadas mejoraron el proceso de higiene de manos después de la actividad con el robot tutor. No hubo asociación entre el grado, el sexo y la mano dominante y el desempeño en el proceso de higiene de manos, sin embargo, los estudiantes de la zona urbana se desempeñaron mejor que los de la zona rural. Conclusión: La actividad con el robot tutor representó un recurso importante para la realización de acciones de educación sanitaria sobre higiene de manos, puede también ser testeada en otros escenarios y poblaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do processo de higienização das mãos após a participação de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental em uma atividade educativa, com uso de uma tecnologia digital automatizada, denominada robô tutor. Método: Estudo quase-experimental desenvolvido em 2019 com estudantes do Ensino Fundamental I (n=203). Foi realizada higienização das mãos com solução fluorescente antes e após a participação em atividade educativa com um robô tutor. As imagens foram registradas em câmara escura e os dados relacionados à área de residência, série, sexo, posição das mãos e lateralidade foram analisados por Anova e Post-Hoc de Holm-Sidak (p≤0,05). Resultados: Todas as condições estudadas melhoraram o processo de higienização das mãos após atividade com o robô tutor. Não houve associação entre série, sexo e mão dominante e o desempenho no processo de higienização das mãos, porém, estudantes da área urbana apresentaram desempenho melhor do que os provenientes de área rural. Conclusão: A atividade com o robô tutor representou um recurso importante para a realização de ações de educação em saúde a respeito da higienização das mãos, e pode também ser testada em outros cenários e populações.

Efeito do treinamento perceptivo-auditivo na classificação da hipernasalidade de fala / Effect of perceptive-auditory training on the classification of speech hypernasality

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o efeito de um treinamento perceptivo-auditivo de fonoaudiólogas sem experiência na classificação da hipernasalidade de fala de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina e comparar a classificação da presença e grau de hipernasalidade realizadas dessas fonoaudiólogas (com a avaliação padrão-ouro), antes e depois do treinamento perceptivo-auditivo. Método Três fonoaudiólogas sem experiência analisaram 24 amostras de fala de alta pressão de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina, antes e depois de treinamento perceptivo-auditivo, usando escala de quatro pontos. As amostras de fala correspondiam a seis amostras de cada grau de hipernasalidade. Entre as análises, as fonoaudiólogas receberam treinamento perceptivo-auditivo. Houve acesso às amostras de referência e feedback de respostas corretas quanto ao grau de hipernasalidade no treinamento. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa na porcentagem geral de acertos entre os momentos antes e depois do treinamento perceptivo-auditivo. Houve associação e concordância significativa das três avaliadoras com avaliação padrão ouro após treinamento, com aumento da concordância para uma avaliadora (aumento de respostas corretas para os graus ausente e leve). A análise dicotômica dos dados mostrou aumento do índice de concordância Kappa dessa avaliadora. Houve aumento do índice concordância inter-avaliadores para hipernasalidade ausente, leve, e grave, porém sem significância estatística. Conclusão O treinamento perceptivo-auditivo não resultou em melhora significativa da classificação da hipernasalidade de fala pelas fonoaudiólogas sem experiência, embora a análise individual dos dados tenha mostrado que o treinamento favoreceu uma dessas avaliadoras. Novos estudos envolvendo treinamento perceptivo-auditivo gradual e mais extenso poderão favorecer a classificação da hipernasalidade de fala por fonoaudiólogos sem experiência.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the effect of auditory-perceptual training by inexperienced speech-language pathologists in the classification of hypernasality in individuals with cleft lip and palate and compare their classification of hypernasality individually, with the gold standard evaluation, before and after this training. Methods Three inexperienced speech-language pathologists used a four-point scale to assess 24 high-pressure speech samples from individuals with cleft lip and palate, before and after auditory-perceptual training. The speech samples corresponded to six samples of each degree of hypernasality. The speech-language pathologists received auditory-perceptual training during the assessments. They had access to anchor samples and immediate feedback of correct answers regarding the degree of hypernasality in training. Results There was no significant difference in the overall percentage of correct answers when comparing before and after the auditory-perceptual training. There was a significant association and agreement of the three evaluators with a gold standard evaluation after training, with an increase in agreement for a single evaluator for absent and mild degrees of hypernasality. The dichotomous analysis of the data showed an increase in the Kappa Index of Agreement of this evaluator. Although there was an increase in the Index of Agreement between evaluators for absent, mild, and severe hypernasality, this increase did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion The auditory-perceptual training provided did not result in a significant improvement in the hypernasality classification for the inexperienced speech-language pathologists, even though the individual data analysis showed that the training favored one of the evaluators. Further studies involving gradual and more extensive auditory-perceptual training may favor the classification of hypernasality by inexperienced SLPs.

Study of aged central auditory function using the auditory middle latency response

Abstract Objective Investigate the auditory function of the elderly using the middle latency potentials. Methodology Group 1 (G1): 20 healthy individuals of both genders, older than 60 years, without hearing loss. Group 2 (G2): 20 healthy individuals of both sexes, older than 60 years, with hearing loss in frequencies from 4 to 8 kHz. Potential recording was performed with unilateral and bilateral stimulation and the Binaural Interaction Component was calculated. Results Na latency in C3A1 was greater in the stimulation of the right ear in G2 and the amplitude of Na-Pa was greater in the stimulation of the right ear and recording in C3A1 in G1. The latency of the Pa component was higher in the stimulation of the right ear recorded in C4A2. The Pb component in G2 by bilateral stimulation and recorded in C4A2 had higher latency. The first and second negative and positive peaks presented greater amplitude in G1. In C3A1, the 1st negative peak was more negative in G1 and the 2nd positive peak showed greater amplitude in C4A2 in both groups. Conclusion The transmission of auditory information to the primary auditory cortex is impaired with aging, especially in unilateral stimulation, reinforced by losses in elderly people with peripheral hearing loss, such as in the binaural interaction at the cortical and subcortical levels. Thus, the AMLR has shown to be a sensitive examination to investigate neuroauditory disorders in the elderly, especially related to high-frequency hearing loss and primary auditory cortex dysfunctions caused by the aging process.

Identificação perceptiva do posicionamento da língua na produção de [s] por acadêmicos em Fonoaudiologia / Identificación perceptiva del posicionamiento de la lengua de la producción de [s] por académicos en Fonoaudiología / Perceptual analysis of the tongue position in the production of [s] by SLP students

Introdução: a identificação visual do posicionamento dos articuladores e o resultado auditivo na produção de [s] são necessários para decisões clínicas e monitoramento de tratamento. Para avaliadores não treinados esta tarefa pode ser desafiadora. Objetivo: verificar se avaliadores não treinados são capazes de identificar visualmente posições normal e alterada da língua na produção do [s] e perceber, auditivamente, produções normais e alteradas; bem como buscar quais ajustes da língua são mais difíceis de serem percebidos visualmente e quais resultados auditivos são mais facilmente identificados. Método: dez acadêmicos de Fonoaudiologia analisaram 20 amostras de fala gravadas, 10 com produção normal e 10 alterada do fone [s], sendo as respostas comparadas a uma avaliação padrão-ouro. Na análise foi utilizada a concordância Kappa, o teste Qui-quadrado, o Anova de Medidas repetidas e o teste t Student, com 5% de significância. Resultados: houve associação e concordância com a avaliação padrão-ouro para a posição da língua, com porcentagem média de 40% de respostas corretas para a posição normal, 17,5% quando a língua estava contra os dentes e 10% quando interposta. No resultado auditivo, a maioria dos avaliadores não apresentou associação e concordância com o padrão-ouro, sendo a porcentagem média de 50% de respostas corretas na ausência de distorção e com redução significativa quando presente (18,5%). Conclusão: os acadêmicos tiveram dificuldade na identificação visual da posição da língua, particularmente, quando alterada, bem como na identificação auditiva das produções normal ou alterada, sendo maior quando a distorção estava presente.

Introduction: thevisual identification of articulator positioning and auditory perception in the phoneme [s] are needed for clinical decisions and treatment monitoring. This can be challenging for untrained evaluators. Objective: to verify whether untrained evaluators are able to visually identify typical and atypical tongue positions in the production of phoneme [s] and to auditorily perceive typical and atypical productions; as well as to understand which tongue adjustments are more difficult to be visually perceived and which auditory productions are more easily identified. Methods: ten speech-language pathology students analyzed 20 recorded speech samples, being 10 with typical speech production and 10 atypical speech production regarding the [s] movement, and the answers were compared with a gold-standard evaluation. The Kappa agreement, Chi-squared test, Anova repeated measures and Student ́s t-test were used with 5% of significance. Results: there was an association and agreement with the gold standard evaluation for tongue positioning, with a mean percentage of 40% for correct answers regarding typical position, 17.5% when the tongue was against the teeth and 10% when interposed. In the auditory perception; most evaluators did not show association and agreement with the gold standard evaluation, with an average percentage of 50% for correct answers in the absence of distortion and a significant reduction in the presence (18.5%). Conclusion: the students had difficulty in the visual identification of the tongue positioning for atypical speech productions, as well as in the auditory identification of typical or atypical productions, and the greater difficulty occurred when there was distortion.

Introducción: identificar visualmente el posicionamiento del articulador y el resultado auditivo en la producción del [s] son necesarios para tomar decisiones clínicas y monitorear el tratamiento. Objetivo:verificar si los evaluadores no capacitados pueden identificar visualmente las posiciones normales y alteradas de la lengua en la producción del [s] y percibir auditivamente las producciones normales y alteradas; además buscar qué ajustes de la lengua son más difíciles de percibir visualmente y qué resultados auditivos se identifican más fácilmente. Método: estudiantes de Fonoaudiología analizaron 20 muestras de habla grabadas, 10 con producción normal y 10 con producción del fono [s] alterado. Compararon las respuestas con una evaluación patrón oro. En el análisis utilizaron la concordancia Kappa, la prueba Chi-cuadrado, el Anova de Medidas repetidas y la prueba t de Student, con 5% de significancia. Resultados:hubo asociación y concordancia con la evaluación patrón oro para la posición de la lengua, con media de 40% de respuestas correctas para la posición normal, 17,5% con la lengua contra los dientes y 10% cuando interpuesta. En el resultado auditivo, la mayoría de los evaluadores no presentaron asociación y concordancia con el patrón oro, con media de 50% de aciertos en ausencia de distorsión y con reducción significativa cuando presente (18,5%). Conclusión: los estudiantes tuvieron dificultad en identificar visualmente la posición de la lengua, particularmente cuando alterada, y en la identificación auditiva de producciones normales o alteradas, siendo mayor con la distorsión presente.

Relationship of Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women.

The increased deposition of visceral fat in the postmenopause period increases the production of inflammatory cytokines and the release of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decrease in IL-10. This study investigated the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal women considering different diagnostic criteria. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study based on STROBE. Data were collected regarding the diagnostic criteria for MS (International Diabetes Federation; NCEP (International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III), and Harmonized criteria), body composition, comorbidities, time without menstruation, values of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Levene tests, ROC, and odds ratio were performed to analyze the data. The results showed no significant difference between the methods and no interaction between the method and the presence of MS. However, for the values of WC, body fat percentage, TNF-α, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio, a significant effect of MS was observed. In subjects with MS, lower values of body fat percentage and TNF-α and higher values of the IL-10/TNF-α ratio were also observed. The higher IL-10/TNF-α ratio in the MS group is related to the greater anti-inflationary action of IL-10. The IL-10/TNF-α ratio showed significant accuracy to discriminate patients with MS according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria.

Perfil de mulheres climatéricas em Estratégia de Saúde da Família no interior paulista / Health profile of climacteric women from the Family Health Strategy in the countryside of the state of São Paulo

Introdução: o climatério pode ser influenciado por mudanças psicossociais simultâneas, que associadas às alterações hormonais, como o hipoestrogenismo e a diminuição dos níveis de progesterona, podem intensificar os sintomas e agravos na mulher. Objetivo: identificar os perfis sociodemográficos, obstétricos, ginecológicos, de saúde e hábitos de vida das mulheres climatéricas atendidas na rede básica de saúde, por meio da aplicação de questionário, escalas de Hamilton de Ansiedade e Depressão, e Índice Menopausal de Kupperman e Blatt. Material e Método: estudo transversal descritivo exploratório de relato de experiência, desenvolvido por graduandas em Medicina e Enfermagem. As participantes apresentam idade entre 45 e 60 anos, atendidas em quatro unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Resultados: participaram 41 mulheres, com idade média de 52,3 anos. Prevaleceram brancas, casadas, com filhos, ensino médio completo, sem plano de saúde, escore de depressão leve, índice menopausal leve, ansiedade normal e uso regular de medicamentos. Conclusão: as mulheres climatéricas necessitam de um espaço para verbalizar seus sentimentos e dúvidas em relação ao climatério e ter acesso à escuta atenta por profissionais capacitados, visando o atendimento integral de saúde com resolutividade.

Introduction: climacteric can be influenced by simultaneous psychosocial changes, which associated with hormonal changes, such as hypoestrogenism and decreased progesterone levels, can intensify symptoms and health problems in women. Objective: to identify the health profile of climacteric women in primary care regarding their obstetrics, gynecological, social, and demographic aspects, and their lifestyle as well, through a questionnaire and the application of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Depression Scale, and the Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index. Materials and Methods: it is an exploratory-descriptive cross-sectional study presented as an experience report, developed by medical and nursing students. The participants had 45 to 60 years-old and visited four units of the Family Health Strategy. Results: 41 women participated in the research, with an average age of 52.3-year-old. The majority were white, married, high school graduates, with no health insurance; had children, normal anxiety levels, mild depression, mild menopausal index, and reported regular use of medication. Conclusion: the climacteric women need some time to verbalize their feelings and doubts about the climacteric to trained professionals, aiming for a resolutive and comprehensive health care.

Level of physical activity and gene expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

AIMS: The gene expressions of IL-10 and TNF-α have been identified as important factors of the clinical condition in type I diabetes mellitus (DM1). However, the effect of physical exercise on the expression of these markers is poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between the level of physical activity (LPA) and the gene expressions of IL-10 and TNF-α, as the relationship with glycemic control and insulin reserve in children and adolescents with DM1. METHODS: 108 participants (1-23 years), were divided into 4 groups: DM1 with ketoacidosis (KETO) (n = 15); Decompensated DM1 (DM1d) (n = 32); Compensated DM1 (DM1c) (n = 30); and healthy control (C) (n = 30). The level of physical activity (LPA) was classified as low active, active, and very active. So evaluated Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, and gene expressions of IL-10 and TNF-α. RESULTS: The increase in the level of physical activity significantly affected the expression of TNF-α in the DMd and C groups. The increase in LPA from low to active reduced the gene expression of IL-10; however, the increase in NAF from active to very active was associated with an increase in IL-10 gene expression. A very active LPA contributes to reducing HbA1c and an increase in C-peptide in the KETO group. CONCLUSION: The increase in LPA demonstrated a significant effect on the improvement of IL-10 and TNF-α gene expression in the KETO and DMd groups; however, in the KETO group, improvements were also observed in the percentage of HbA1C and C-peptide.

Influence of functional health literacy on adherence to antidepressant treatment / Influencia de la alfabetización funcional en salud en la adherencia al tratamiento con antidepresivos / Influência do letramento funcional em saúde na adesão ao tratamento com antidepressivos

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the influence of patients' level of functional health literacy on adherence to antidepressant treatment. Method Cross-sectional study, carried out in pharmacies of the Municipal Health Department of Marília-SP, in 2020/2021. The functional literacy questionnaire verified the numerical and interpretative skills of patients, in the face of texts related to the health area. The adherence to the treatment was verified using the Morisky therapeutic adherence scale, and the data were analyzed by Anova-one-way and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results A total of 150 patients participated in the study, most of them showed failures in adherence and an inadequate level of functional health literacy. However, there was no correlation between functional health literacy and treatment adherence. Conclusion Although no correlation was found between the variables, there is a need for greater investments in terms of adherence to the treatment, with strategies that consider the level of functional health literacy in these patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo Verificar la influencia del nivel de alfabetización funcional en salud de pacientes en la adherencia al tratamiento con antidepresivos. Método Estudio transversal, realizado en farmacias de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de Marília-SP, en 2020/2021. El cuestionario de alfabetización funcional verificó las habilidades numéricas de los pacientes y su capacidad para interpretar textos relacionados con la salud. La adherencia al tratamiento se verificó mediante la escala de adherencia terapéutica de Morisky. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA-one-way y test de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados 150 pacientes participaron en el estudio, la mayoría de los cuales presentaban fallos de adherencia y un nivel inadecuado de alfabetización funcional. Sin embargo, no hubo correlación entre alfabetización funcional sanitaria y adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusión Aunque no se encontró correlación entre las variables, es necesario invertir más en la adherencia al tratamiento, con estrategias que consideren el nivel de alfabetización funcional en salud de estos pacientes.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a influência do nível de letramento funcional em saúde dos pacientes na adesão ao tratamento com antidepressivos. Método Estudo transversal, realizado nas farmácias da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Marília-SP, em 2020/2021. O questionário de letramento funcional verificou as habilidades numéricas e de interpretação dos pacientes, diante de textos relacionados à área de saúde. A adesão ao tratamento foi verificada pela escala de adesão terapêutica de Morisky, e os dados foram analisados por Anova-one-way e teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados Participaram do estudo 150 pacientes, cuja maioria apresentou falhas na adesão e nível inadequado de letramento funcional em saúde, entretanto, não houve correlação entre letramento funcional em saúde e adesão ao tratamento. Conclusão Embora não tenha sido encontrada correlação entre as variáveis, há a necessidade de maiores investimentos em relação à adesão ao tratamento, com estratégias que considerem o nível de letramento funcional em saúde, nestes pacientes.

Dyslipidemia influences the effect of physical exercise on inflammatory markers on obese women in post-menopause: A randomized clinical trial.

The hormonal modifications observed in post-menopausal are related to increased adiposity and alteration in the lipid profile besides physical and psychological changes. Physical exercises may attenuate these conditions and have been associated with low-grade inflammatory status, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dyslipidemia on the effect of physical exercise on inflammatory markers IL6, IL10, and TNF-α in obese post-menopausal women. A randomized clinical trial was carried out in seventy women divided into four groups: exercise without dyslipidemia (EG/n = 11); exercise with dyslipidemia (EGD = 24); control with dyslipidemia (CGD/n = 22); and control without dyslipidemia (CG/n = 13). The serum values of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured before and after the intervention period, and the exercise program lasted 20 weeks, in three weekly sessions of 75 min each, with aerobic and strength exercises. The comparison of means was performed using the ANOVA test, repeated measures to analyze the interaction between the group and intervention time. There were a significant reduction in IL-6 values and an increase in IL-10/IL-6 and IL-10/TNF-α ratios only in the EG group. For serum TNF-α values, the EG and EGD groups showed significant reductions. The groups that practiced exercises did not present significant variation in the levels of IL-10. However, the CGD and GC groups showed a significant reduction in IL-10 after the intervention period.

Condições de trabalho entre diferentes categorias profissionais da área hospitalar / Comparación de las condiciones de trabajo entre diferentes categorías profesionales del área hospitalaria / Working conditions among different professional categories of the hospital area

RESUMO Objetivo comparar as condições de trabalho em relação à demanda, controle e suporte social entre profissionais da enfermagem, nutrição e higiene e limpeza. Método estudo quantitativo com 227 profissionais de um hospital geral do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio da aplicação do Job Content Questionnaire. Para as análises, foi utilizado o software SPSS e testes estatísticos. Resultados os profissionais da limpeza exibiram condições sociais de vida inferiores, com renda até dois salários-mínimos (88,5%); sem ensino superior (98,7%); classe social CDE (78,2%); cor negra ou parda (55,2%). Em relação à demanda, não houve diferenças significativas entre as equipes. Quanto ao controle, a enfermagem apresentou melhores condições e a limpeza as piores. A enfermagem apresentou melhores índices de suporte social e a nutrição os piores. Conclusão salientou-se que é necessária a implementação de estratégias de melhoria das condições de trabalho para minimizar o estresse e o adoecimento.

RESUMEN Objetivo comparar las condiciones de trabajo en relación con la demanda, el control y el apoyo social entre profesionales de Enfermería, Nutrición e higiene y limpieza. Método estudio cuantitativo realizado con 227 profesionales de un hospital general del estado de San Pablo, Brasil, con aplicación del Job Content Questionnaire. Para los análisis se utilizó el software SPSS, además de pruebas estadísticas. Resultados los profesionales del área de Limpieza presentaron condiciones sociales de vida inferiores, con ingresos de hasta dos salarios mínimos (88,5%); sin educación superior (98,7%); clases sociales C/D/E (78,2%); y color de piel negro o pardo (55,2%). En relación con la demanda, no se registraron diferencias significativas entre los equipos. Con respecto al control, las áreas de Enfermería y Limpieza presentaron las mejores y peores condiciones, respectivamente. Los sectores de Enfermería y de Nutrición presentaron los mejores y peores índices de apoyo social, respectivamente. Conclusión se destacó que es necesario implementar estrategias para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo a fin de minimizar el estrés y las enfermedades.

ABSTRACT Objective to compare the working conditions in relation to demand, control and social support among Nursing, Nutrition, and Hygiene and cleaning professionals. Method a quantitative study conducted with 227 professionals from a general hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by applying the Job Content Questionnaire. The SPSS software and statistical tests were used for the analyses. Results the cleaning professionals presented lower social living conditions, with incomes up to two minimum wages (88.5%); no higher education (98.7%); social classes C/D/E (78.2%); and black or brown skin color (55.2%). There were no significant differences between the teams in relation to the demand. Regarding control, Nursing and Cleaning presented the best and worst working conditions, respectively. Nursing and Nutrition presented the best and worst social support indices, respectively. Conclusion it was emphasized that it is necessary to implement strategies aimed at improving the working conditions in order to minimize stress and illness.

Condições de trabalho entre diferentes categorias profissionais da área hospitalar / Comparación de las condiciones de trabajo entre diferentes categorías profesionales del área hospitalaria / Working conditions among different professional categories of the hospital area

RESUMO Objetivo comparar as condições de trabalho em relação à demanda, controle e suporte social entre profissionais da enfermagem, nutrição e higiene e limpeza. Método estudo quantitativo com 227 profissionais de um hospital geral do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio da aplicação do Job Content Questionnaire. Para as análises, foi utilizado o software SPSS e testes estatísticos. Resultados os profissionais da limpeza exibiram condições sociais de vida inferiores, com renda até dois salários-mínimos (88,5%); sem ensino superior (98,7%); classe social CDE (78,2%); cor negra ou parda (55,2%). Em relação à demanda, não houve diferenças significativas entre as equipes. Quanto ao controle, a enfermagem apresentou melhores condições e a limpeza as piores. A enfermagem apresentou melhores índices de suporte social e a nutrição os piores. Conclusão salientou-se que é necessária a implementação de estratégias de melhoria das condições de trabalho para minimizar o estresse e o adoecimento.

RESUMEN Objetivo comparar las condiciones de trabajo en relación con la demanda, el control y el apoyo social entre profesionales de Enfermería, Nutrición e higiene y limpieza. Método estudio cuantitativo realizado con 227 profesionales de un hospital general del estado de San Pablo, Brasil, con aplicación del Job Content Questionnaire. Para los análisis se utilizó el software SPSS, además de pruebas estadísticas. Resultados los profesionales del área de Limpieza presentaron condiciones sociales de vida inferiores, con ingresos de hasta dos salarios mínimos (88,5%); sin educación superior (98,7%); clases sociales C/D/E (78,2%); y color de piel negro o pardo (55,2%). En relación con la demanda, no se registraron diferencias significativas entre los equipos. Con respecto al control, las áreas de Enfermería y Limpieza presentaron las mejores y peores condiciones, respectivamente. Los sectores de Enfermería y de Nutrición presentaron los mejores y peores índices de apoyo social, respectivamente. Conclusión se destacó que es necesario implementar estrategias para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo a fin de minimizar el estrés y las enfermedades.

ABSTRACT Objective to compare the working conditions in relation to demand, control and social support among Nursing, Nutrition, and Hygiene and cleaning professionals. Method a quantitative study conducted with 227 professionals from a general hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by applying the Job Content Questionnaire. The SPSS software and statistical tests were used for the analyses. Results the cleaning professionals presented lower social living conditions, with incomes up to two minimum wages (88.5%); no higher education (98.7%); social classes C/D/E (78.2%); and black or brown skin color (55.2%). There were no significant differences between the teams in relation to the demand. Regarding control, Nursing and Cleaning presented the best and worst working conditions, respectively. Nursing and Nutrition presented the best and worst social support indices, respectively. Conclusion it was emphasized that it is necessary to implement strategies aimed at improving the working conditions in order to minimize stress and illness.

Autopercepção do ponto de constrição da língua nas fricativas alveolares em mulheres jovens com posicionamento de língua normal e alterado / Self-perception of tongue tip constriction in alveolar fricatives produced by young women with and without normal tongue positioning

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a autopercepção do ponto de constrição da língua na produção de [s] e [z] por jovens monolíngues com posicionamento de língua normal e alterado. Método Três fonoaudiólogas analisaram gravações de fala em vídeo de 49 mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 28 anos (média=20 anos e 7 meses), classificando-as em: Grupo 1, (G1, n=25), com ausência de alterações no posicionamento de língua na produção de [s] e [z] e Grupo 2 (G2, n=24), com alterações no posicionamento de língua nestes fones. A autopercepção do ponto de constrição da língua foi investigada questionando cada jovem sobre o local em que sua ponta da língua encostava (apical, laminal ou "outros ajustes") ao produzir [s] e [z] na leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras. O teste de Friedman, com comparações par a par posteriores, foi utilizado para análise intragrupo. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para as comparações entre grupos. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Em G1 houve relatos de ponto de constrição apical e laminal enquanto em G2 houve estes relatos, e também de outros ajustes de língua. A presença de outros ajustes da língua diferenciou G1 e G2 (p=0,002). Em G1, houve diferença significativa entre [s] e [z], sendo que o ponto laminal ocorreu com mais frequência em [s] do que em [z]. Conclusão Jovens com posicionamento de língua normal e alterado relataram pontos de constrição da língua apical e laminal em fricativas alveolares. Porém, outros ajustes de língua foram percebidos diante de posicionamento de língua alterado.

ABSTRACT Purpose This study investigated the self-perception of 49 women, monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, about their tongue position for the alveolar articulation of the fricatives [s] and [z]. Methods The video recording of speech samples of these 49 women (ages 18 to 28) were analyzed by three Speech-Language Pathologists. They were classified into two groups: Group 1 (G1, n=25), with no alterations in the tongue position during the production of [s] and [z], and Group 2 (G2, n=24), with alterations in the tongue position during the production of [s] and [z]. The tongue position self-perception experiment required the participants to identify the specific tongue constriction point in the production of [s] and [z] (apical, laminal, or "other") during the reading of 24 words and 24 pseudowords. The Friedman test, with posterior paired comparisons, was used for the intragroup analysis. The Mann-Whitney test was used for intergroup comparisons. The statistical significance adopted was 5% (p<0.05). Results G1 reported apical and laminal tongue constrictions while GE reported these constrictions plus other tongue adjustments. The presence of other tongue adjustments differentiated the groups, G1 and G2 (p=0,002). There were significant differences between [s] and [z] for G1, with the laminal position occurring more often in [s] compared to [z]. Conclusion Women with and without alteration in the tongue position reported apical and laminal constrictions. Howerer, other tongue adjustments were self-perceived in the presence of altered tongue position.

Influence of galantamine in the inflammatory process and tissular lesions caused by Trypanosoma cruzi QM2 strain

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Trypanosoma cruzi infection triggers an inflammatory process with exacerbated production of cytokines that stimulate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, including the efferent anti-inflammatory signal known as the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway. Thus, the use of anticholinesterase drugs, such as galantamine, could minimize the inflammatory process caused by this disease. METHODS For the study at 30, 60, and 90 days, 120 Swiss mice were divided into three groups. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups: uninfected/untreated (CTRL), uninfected/treated (GAL), infected/untreated (INF), and infected/treated (GAL/INF). The infected groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of mouse blood containing 5 × 104 trypomastigote forms of the T. cruzi QM2 strain. The galantamine-treated groups received 5 mg/kg of galantamine orally, through pipetting. From each subgroup, the parameters of parasitemia, histopathological analysis, butyrylcholinesterase activity (BuChE), and functional study of the colon were evaluated. RESULTS: BuChE performance was observed when AChE was suppressed, with increased activity in the GAL/INF group similar to the INF group on the 30th day post infection, thus corroborating the absence of a significant difference in parasitic curves and histopathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an inflammatory process and nests of amastigotes, as well as evidence of reactivity to ACh and NOR, suggest that galantamine did not interfere with the colonic inflammatory response or even in colonic tissue parasitism at this stage of Chagas disease.

Health functional literacy and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV / Letramiento funcional en salud y adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral en personas que viven con VIH / Letramento funcional em saúde e adesão a terapia antirretroviral em pessoas vivendo com HIV

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the relationship between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and Functional Health Literacy. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in the Specialized Care Service in 2019, using questionnaires about adherence to treatment and Functional Health literacy people living with human immunodeficiency virus. The LFS questionnaire has questions about numerical and text interpretation skills and the adherence questionnaire addresses how to use antiretrovirals. Viral load was verified by analysis of medical records. Associations between variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: 78 patients were interviewed and a significant association between the variables to treatment adherence and Functional Literacy in Health was observed. The association between adherence to therapy and viral load levels was also significant. Conclusions: The data found show a significant association between the variables, ie, the lower the functional health literacy, the greater the difficulty to adhere to treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral y el Letramiento Funcional en Salud. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en un Servicio de Atendimiento Especializado en 2019, utilizando cuestionarios sobre adherencia al tratamiento y el Letramiento Funcional en Salud en personas que viven con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. El cuestionario LFS tiene preguntas sobre habilidades numéricas e interpretación de textos y el cuestionario de adherencia aborda el uso de antirretrovirales. La carga viral se verificó mediante análisis de las historias clínicas. Las asociaciones entre variables se analizaron mediante la prueba de Qui-cuadrado. Resultados: Fueron entrevistados 78 pacientes e observada una asociación significativa entre las variables adherencia al tratamiento y Letramiento Funcional en Salud. La asociación entre la adherencia a la terapia y niveles de carga viral también fue significativa. Conclusiones: Los datos encontrados muestran una asociación significativa entre las variables, es decir, cuanto menor el Letramiento Funcional em Salud, mayor es la dificultad para adherirse al tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre adesão a terapia antirretroviral e o Letramento Funcional em Saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no Serviço de Atendimento Especializado, em 2019, utilizando questionários sobre adesão ao tratamento e Letramento Funcional em Saúde em pessoas vivendo com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. O questionário para LFS possui questões sobre habilidades numéricas e de interpretação de texto e o de adesão aborda a forma de utilização dos antirretrovirais. A carga viral foi obtida nos prontuários. As associações entre as variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 78 pacientes e observada uma associação significativa entre as variáveis adesão ao tratamento e Letramento Funcional em Saúde. A associação entre a adesão à terapia e níveis de carga viral também foi significativa. Conclusões: Os dados encontrados mostram associação significativa entre as variáveis, então, quanto menor o letramento funcional em saúde, maior a dificuldade de aderir ao tratamento.