Novel ultra-stretchable and self-healing crosslinked poly (ethylene oxide)-cationic guar gum hydrogel.

Hydrogels are three-dimensional structures with specific features that render them useful for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, and wound dressings. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the search for improved mechanical properties of hydrogels derived from natural products to extend their applications in various fields, and there are different methods to obtain strengthened hydrogels. Cationic guar gum has physicochemical properties that allow it to interact with other polymers and generate hydrogels. This study aimed to develop an ultra-stretchable and self-healing hydrogel, evaluating the influence of adding PolyOX [poly(ethylene oxide)] on the mechanical properties and the interaction with cationic guar gum for potential tissue engineering applications. We found that variations in PolyOX concentrations and pH changes influenced the mechanical properties of cationic guar gum hydrogels. After optimization experiments, we obtained a novel hydrogel, which was semi-crystalline, highly stretchable, and with an extensibility area of approximately 400 cm2, representing a 33-fold increase compared to the hydrogel before being extended. Moreover, the hydrogel presented a recovery of 96.8% after the self-healing process and a viscosity of 153,347 ± 4,662 cP. Therefore, this novel hydrogel exhibited optimal mechanical and chemical properties and could be suitable for a broad range of applications in different fields, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, or food storage.

3,3'-Diindolylmethane and indole-3-carbinol: potential therapeutic molecules for cancer chemoprevention and treatment via regulating cellular signaling pathways.

Dietary compounds in cancer prevention have gained significant consideration as a viable method. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) are heterocyclic and bioactive chemicals found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and brussels sprouts. They are synthesized after glycolysis from the glucosinolate structure. Clinical and preclinical trials have evaluated the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, effectiveness, antioxidant, cancer-preventing (cervical dysplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer), and anti-tumor activities of I3C and DIM involved with polyphenolic derivatives created in the digestion showing promising results. However, the exact mechanism by which they exert anti-cancer and apoptosis-inducing properties has yet to be entirely understood. Via this study, we update the existing knowledge of the state of anti-cancer investigation concerning I3C and DIM chemicals. We have also summarized; (i) the recent advancements in the use of I3C/DIM as therapeutic molecules since they represent potentially appealing anti-cancer agents, (ii) the available literature on the I3C and DIM characterization, and the challenges related to pharmacologic properties such as low solubility, and poor bioavailability, (iii) the synthesis and semi-synthetic derivatives, (iv) the mechanism of anti-tumor action in vitro/in vivo, (v) the action in cellular signaling pathways related to the regulation of apoptosis and anoikis as well as the cell cycle progression and cell proliferation such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and PPARγ agonists; SR13668, Akt inhibitor, cyclins regulation, ER-dependent-independent pathways, and their current medical applications, to recognize research opportunities to potentially use these compounds instead chemotherapeutic synthetic drugs.

Neopeltolide and its synthetic derivatives: a promising new class of anticancer agents.

Being the first or second cause of death worldwide, cancer represents the most significant clinical, social, and financial burden of any human illness. Despite recent progresses in cancer diagnosis and management, traditional cancer chemotherapies have shown several adverse side effects and loss of potency due to increased resistance. As a result, one of the current approaches is on with the search of bioactive anticancer compounds from natural sources. Neopeltolide is a marine-derived macrolide isolated from deep-water sponges collected off Jamaica's north coast. Its mechanism of action is still under research but represents a potentially promising novel drug for cancer therapy. In this review, we first illustrate the general structural characterization of neopeltolide, the semi-synthetic derivatives, and current medical applications. In addition, we reviewed its anticancer properties, primarily based on in vitro studies, and the possible clinical trials. Finally, we summarize the recent progress in the mechanism of antitumor action of neopeltolide. According to the information presented, we identified two principal challenges in the research, i) the effective dose which acts neopeltolide as an anticancer compound, and ii) to unequivocally establish the mechanism of action by which the compound exerts its antiproliferative effect.

Atraumatic Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: A Case Report Treated with Excision of the Distal Clavicle Margin and Button Slide System with Allograft Tendon Reinforcement at Coracoclavicular and Acromioclavicular Joint.

Although acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation is a common injury following trauma involving the shoulder, it is rare in the absence of trauma. In this manuscript, we describe a case of ACJ in a 15-year-old girl who presented a painful dislocation with spontaneous shortening of the right acromioclavicular joint that forced her to temporarily abandon her sports career. After failure of conservative physiotherapy treatment, surgical intervention was proposed by performing an arthroscopic-assisted button slide combined with augmented hamstring allograft reconstruction. After the intervention and the subsequent recovery period, the athlete was able to return to her semi-professional training. The follow-up of the patient is 5.5 years post-surgery. The result obtained could help in planning the treatment of future cases.

Therapeutic Applications of Terpenes on Inflammatory Diseases.

In the last decades, the search for natural products with biological applications as alternative treatments for several inflammatory diseases has increased. In this respect, terpenes are a family of organic compounds obtained mainly from plants and trees, such as tea, cannabis, thyme, and citrus fruits like lemon or mandarin. These molecules present attractive biological properties such as analgesic and anticonvulsant activities. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that certain terpenes could reduce inflammation symptoms by decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines for example, the nuclear transcription factor-kappa B, interleukin 1, and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Thus, due to various anti-inflammatory drugs provoking side effects, the search and analysis of novel therapeutics treatments are attractive. In this review, the analysis of terpenes' chemical structure and their mechanisms in anti-inflammatory functions are addressed. Additionally, we present a general analysis of recent investigations about their applications as an alternative treatment for inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we focus on terpenes-based nanoformulations and employed dosages to offer a global perspective of the state-of-the-art.

Insights into Terminal Sterilization Processes of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications.

Nanoparticles possess a huge potential to be employed in numerous biomedical purposes; their applications may include drug delivery systems, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. However, the in vivo use in biomedical applications requires that nanoparticles exhibit sterility. Thus, diverse sterilization techniques have been developed to remove or destroy microbial contamination. The main sterilization methods include sterile filtration, autoclaving, ionizing radiation, and nonionizing radiation. Nonetheless, the sterilization processes can alter the stability, zeta potential, average particle size, and polydispersity index of diverse types of nanoparticles, depending on their composition. Thus, these methods may produce unwanted effects on the nanoparticles' characteristics, affecting their safety and efficacy. Moreover, each sterilization method possesses advantages and drawbacks; thus, the suitable method's choice depends on diverse factors such as the formulation's characteristics, batch volume, available methods, and desired application. In this article, we describe the current sterilization methods of nanoparticles. Moreover, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these methods, pointing out the changes in nanoparticles' biological and physicochemical characteristics after sterilization. Our main objective was to offer a comprehensive overview of terminal sterilization processes of nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

Genome-wide association study identifies RNF123 locus as associated with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP) is a symptom of fibromyalgia and a complex trait with poorly understood pathogenesis. CWP is heritable (48%-54%), but its genetic architecture is unknown and candidate gene studies have produced inconsistent results. We conducted a genome-wide association study to get insight into the genetic background of CWP. METHODS: Northern Europeans from UK Biobank comprising 6914 cases reporting pain all over the body lasting >3 months and 242 929 controls were studied. Replication of three independent genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms was attempted in six independent European cohorts (n=43 080; cases=14 177). Genetic correlations with risk factors, tissue specificity and colocalisation were examined. RESULTS: Three genome-wide significant loci were identified (rs1491985, rs10490825, rs165599) residing within the genes Ring Finger Protein 123 (RNF123), ATPase secretory pathway Ca2+transporting 1 (ATP2C1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The RNF123 locus was replicated (meta-analysis p=0.0002), the ATP2C1 locus showed suggestive association (p=0.0227) and the COMT locus was not replicated. Partial genetic correlation between CWP and depressive symptoms, body mass index, age of first birth and years of schooling were identified. Tissue specificity and colocalisation analysis highlight the relevance of skeletal muscle in CWP. CONCLUSIONS: We report a novel association of RNF123 locus and a suggestive association of ATP2C1 locus with CWP. Both loci are consistent with a role of calcium regulation in CWP. The association with COMT, one of the most studied genes in chronic pain field, was not confirmed in the replication analysis.

A Reevaluation of Chitosan-Decorated Nanoparticles to Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a sophisticated and very selective dynamic interface composed of endothelial cells expressing enzymes, transport systems, and receptors that regulate the passage of nutrients, ions, oxygen, and other essential molecules to the brain, regulating its homeostasis. Moreover, the BBB performs a vital function in protecting the brain from pathogens and other dangerous agents in the blood circulation. Despite its crucial role, this barrier represents a difficult obstacle for the treatment of brain diseases because many therapeutic agents cannot cross it. Thus, different strategies based on nanoparticles have been explored in recent years. Concerning this, chitosan-decorated nanoparticles have demonstrated enormous potential for drug delivery across the BBB and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, gliomas, cerebral ischemia, and schizophrenia. Our main objective was to highlight the high potential of chitosan adsorption to improve the penetrability through the BBB of nanoformulations for diseases of CNS. Therefore, we describe the BBB structure and function, as well as the routes of chitosan for crossing it. Moreover, we define the methods of decoration of nanoparticles with chitosan and provide numerous examples of their potential utilization in a variety of brain diseases. Lastly, we discuss future directions, mentioning the need for extensive characterization of proposed nanoformulations and clinical trials for evaluation of their efficacy.

Polymer perspective of genome mobilization.

Chromosome motion is an intrinsic feature of all DNA-based metabolic processes and is a particularly well-documented response to both DNA damage and repair. By using both biological and polymer physics approaches, many of the contributing factors of chromatin motility have been elucidated. These include the intrinsic properties of chromatin, such as stiffness, as well as the loop modulators condensin and cohesin. Various biological factors such as external tethering to nuclear domains, ATP-dependent processes, and nucleofilaments further impact chromatin motion. DNA damaging agents that induce double-stranded breaks also cause increased chromatin motion that is modulated by recruitment of repair and checkpoint proteins. Approaches that integrate biological experimentation in conjunction with models from polymer physics provide mechanistic insights into the role of chromatin dynamics in biological function. In this review we discuss the polymer models and the effects of both DNA damage and repair on chromatin motion as well as mechanisms that may underlie these effects.

Repurposing of Drug Candidates for Treatment of Skin Cancer.

Skin cancers are highly prevalent malignancies that affect millions of people worldwide. These include melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Melanomas are among the most dangerous cancers, while nonmelanoma skin cancers generally exhibit a more benign clinical pattern; however, they may sometimes be aggressive and metastatic. Melanomas typically appear in body regions exposed to the sun, although they may also appear in areas that do not usually get sun exposure. Thus, their development is multifactorial, comprising endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The management of skin cancer depends on the type; it is usually based on surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this respect, oncological treatments have demonstrated some progress in the last years; however, current therapies still present various disadvantages such as little cell specificity, recurrent relapses, high toxicity, and increased costs. Furthermore, the pursuit of novel medications is expensive, and the authorization for their clinical utilization may take 10-15 years. Thus, repositioning of drugs previously approved and utilized for other diseases has emerged as an excellent alternative. In this mini-review, we aimed to provide an updated overview of drugs' repurposing to treat skin cancer and discuss future perspectives.

Evaluación de la espiritualidad en pacientes con duelo utilizando la terapia de aceptación y compromiso en la Clínica de Duelo por Suicidio del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara, México / Evaluation of complicated spiritual grief in patients with loss of results in acceptance and commitment therapy at the suicide clinic of the CUCS / Avaliação da espiritualidade em pacientes enlutados em processo terapéutico de aceitação e compromisso na Clínica de luto por suicídio do Centro Universitário de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Guadalajara

Introducción. El apego se define como aquel vínculo significativo que se establece entre personas. Cuando este se rompe, ocurre lo que se denomi-na una pérdida significativa seguida de un proceso de duelo, el cual con-siste en una reacción de dolor natural ante el desprendimiento de algo o de alguien. Durante este proceso, la espiritualidad es una estrategia central para sobreponerse a una experiencia dolorosa; sin embargo, esta también puede verse afectada por los significados que se le atribuyen. La terapia de aceptación y compromiso se emplea en distintos desórdenes psicológicos que involucran la evitación experiencial, incluyendo el duelo.Objetivo. Evaluar el duelo complicado espiritual en pacientes tratados con terapia de aceptación y compromiso, antes y después de la intervención.Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó el cuestionario Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief a pacientes con duelo antes y después de ser tratados con terapia de aceptación y compromiso en la Clínica del Duelo del Cen-tro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalaja-ra, México.Resultados y conclusiones. La terapia de aceptación y compromiso ha de-mostrado ser útil en el proceso del duelo, así como en el restablecimiento de la espiritualidad, toda vez que esta es resignificada y da sentido a las experiencias dolorosas.Palabras clave: Duelo; Apego; Espiritualidad; Terapia de aceptación y compromiso.

Introduction: Attachment refers to the significant bond we establish with a person, when this is broken, what we call a significant loss occurs, followed by a grieving process: natural pain reaction to the detachment of something or someone who had a It was worth it During this, spirituality appears as a cen-tral strategy to overcome painful experiences, but it can also be affected by the meanings attributed to it. Acceptance and commitment therapy has been used in different psychological disorders that involve experiential avoidance, including grief.Objectives: The central objective of the study is to evaluate the complicated spiritual duel. Material and methods: The Inven-tory of Complicated Spiritual Grief (ICSG) was applied in pa-tients with grief, before and after being treated with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the grief clinic of the University Center of Health Sciences.Results and Conclusions: Acceptance Therapy and commitment has proven to be useful in facilitating the elaboration of grief, as well as in restoring spirituality since it is resignified and gives meaning to painful experiences.

Introdução. O apego refere-se ao vínculo significativo estabe-lecido entre pessoas, se vier a quebrar acontece uma perda significativa, seguida de um processo de luto que envolve uma reação natural de dor ao desapego. Durante esse processo, a espiritualidade é uma estratégia central para superar uma expe-riência dolorosa, no entanto, esteja afetada pelos significados atribuídos a ela. A Terapia de aceitação e comprometimento é usada em várias circunsatâncias que envolvem evasão expe-riencial, incluindo luto.Objetivo. O principal objetivo do estudo é avaliar o luto com-plicado espiritual.Materiais e métodos. O questionário Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief foi aplicado em pacientes com perdas significa-tivas, antes e depois de serem tratados com a Terapia de acei-tação e compromisso na clínica de luto do Centro Universidade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Guadalajara.Resultados e conclusões. Terapia de aceitação e compromisso mostrou ser útil no processo de luto, bem como na restauração da espiritualidade, uma vez que é ressignificada e dá sentido à experiências dolorosas

Structure and content of the maternal representations of Mexican teenagers during their first pregnancy / Estructura y contenido de las representaciones maternas de adolescentes mexicanas durante su primer embarazo

Abstract Objectives: understand the structure and content of the maternal representations of Mexican teenagers during their first pregnancy. Methods: a study was carried out with qualitative methodology based on the concept of maternal representation and the theory of social representations with 30 adolescents who attended prenatal control at the Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", in Jalisco, Mexico. The participants were interviewed with the consent of their tutors. Classical content analysis techniques were used to obtain codes and thematic categories to develop a conceptual map that explains maternal representations. Results: the maternal representation was identified: "Pregnant but reunited, a legitimated bad decision", which was composed of social meanings towards adolescent pregnancy, family dynamics, expectations towards motherhood, and the feelings experienced by the adolescent during the pregnancy. The content of the representations was heterogeneous for most of the identified categories; however, it is identified that the desire for pregnancy guides the expectations of the adolescent about her future way of being as a mother. Conclusions: the desire of women for pregnancy, the level of participation of the couple, and the social meanings of adolescent pregnancy, have an outstanding role in the development of models of maternal representations.

Resumen Objetivos: comprender la estructura y contenido de las representaciones maternas de adolescentes mexicanas durante su primer embarazo. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio con metodología cualitativa basado en el concepto de representación materna y la teoría de las representaciones sociales con 30 adolescentes que asistieron a control prenatal al Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", ubicado en Jalisco, México. Las participantes fueron entrevistadas con previo consentimiento de sus tutores. Se utilizaron técnicas de análisis de contenido clásico para obtener códigos y categorías temáticas para desarrollar un mapa conceptual que explique las representaciones maternas. Resultados: se identificó la representación materna: "Embarazada pero juntada, una mala decisión legitimada", la cual se compuso de significados sociales hacia el embarazo adolescente, la dinámica familiar, las expectativas hacia la maternidad, y los sentimientos vividos por la adolescentedurante el embarazo. El contenido de la representación materna fue heterogéneo, empero, se identificó que el deseo por el embarazo guía las expectativas de la adolescente sobre su futura manera de ser madre. Conclusiones: el deseo de la mujer por el embarazo, el nivel de participación de la pareja, y los significados sociales del embarazo adolescente, tienen un papel sobresaliente en el desarrollo de las representaciones maternas.

Autopercepción del estado de salud en pensionados por complicaciones de diabetes mellitus en Guadalajara, México / Self-perception of health status in people retired due to diabetes mellitus complications from Guadalajara, Mexico

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la autopercepción del estado de salud (APES) de los pensionados por complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus, y que características sociodemográficas, familiares, laborales y clínicas de éstos están asociadas a dichas variables. Métodos Estudio transversal analítico en un universo 240 pensionados que aceptaron participar. Se evaluó la APES con el Cuestionario EuroQol-5D en español, y se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, familiares, laborales y clínicas. Resultados Se estudiaron 240 pensionados con edad media 53,43 ± 8,16 años, 94,3% masculinos y 5,7% femeninos. Se encontró que el 53,4% refiere una APES regular, mala o muy mala. Se halló asociación significativa entre mala APES y vida laboral ≤30 años OR=6,00 (IC95% 1,27, 28,26) e insuficiencia renal crónica OR=7,00 (IC95% 1,39,35,35). No se encontraron modelos explicativos mediante regresión logística. Conclusiones La frecuencia de APES mala fue elevada en la muestra de pensionados por complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus. Se requieren estudios con muestras más amplias para mejores conclusiones.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate self-perception of health status (APES by its Spanish acronym) of people retired due to complications of diabetes mellitus, and what socio-demographic, family, work and clinical characteristics are associated to these variables. Materials and Methods Analytical, cross-sectional study in a universe of 240 pensioners who agreed to participate. The APES was evaluated with the EuroQol-5D questionnaire in Spanish, and socio-demographic, family, work and clinical variables were included. Results 240 pensioners with a mean age of 53.43 ± 8.16 years (94.29% male and 5.71% female) were studied. It was found that 53.4% reported regular, poor or very poor APES. A significant association between poor APES and work life ≤30 years (OR=6.00; 95%CI: 1.27, 28.26) and chronic renal failure (OR=7.00; 95%CI: 1.39, 35.35) was found. No explanatory models were found through logistic regression. No explanatory models were found by logistic regression. Conclusion The frequency of poor APES was high in the sample of patients with diabetes. Studies with larger samples are required for better conclusions.(AU)

Representaciones sociales de adolescentes mexicanas embarazadas sobre el puerperio, la lactancia y los cuidados del recién nacido / Social representations of Mexican pregnant teenagers about the puerperal care, lactation, and newborn care

Resumen: Introducción: Los cuidados durante el puerperio y la alimentación del recién nacido están guiados por significados culturales afianzados entre las mujeres, por lo que es importante conocerlos e identificar cómo se adquieren y perpetúan. En este tenor, se estudiaron las representaciones sociales que tienen adolescentes mexicanas embarazadas sobre el puerperio, la lactancia y el cuidado del recién nacido. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio interpretativo basado en los principios de la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Se realizaron entrevistas para obtener información de 30 adolescentes mexicanas que asistieron a control prenatal al área de ginecoobstetricia en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención durante 2015. Se aplicaron estrategias de análisis de contenido clásico para analizar la información; este proceso consistió en codificar y categorizar la información. También se elaboró un mapa conceptual para describir las representaciones sociales encontradas. Resultados: Se identificaron 190 códigos y tres representaciones sociales: «lactancia: práctica mitificada¼, «los recién nacidos son frágiles¼ y «madre e hijo deben sincronizarse¼. Conclusiones: Se identificaron tres representaciones sociales que explicaron las prácticas de las adolescentes hacia la lactancia y el cuidado de ellas y sus hijos, adquiridas mediante la comunicación familiar y afianzadas por la necesidad de apoyo debido a ausencia temporal o permanente de pareja, crisis personales motivadas por los cambios corporales, miedo a sufrir cambios por la lactancia y desconocimiento sobre cómo llevar a cabo la lactancia y los cuidados durante el puerperio.

Abstract: Background: Puerperal care and feeding of the newborn are guided by entrenched cultural meanings between women, so it is important to know and identify how they are acquired and perpetuated. Regarding this knowledge, the social representations that Mexican pregnant teenagers have about puerperium, lactation and newborn care were studied. Methods: An interpretative study was made based on principles of the theory of social representations. Interviews were conducted to obtain information from 30 Mexican adolescents who attended prenatal care at the gynecological obstetrics area in a second-level hospital during 2015. Classical content analysis strategies were applied to analyze the information; this process consisted of coding and categorizing information. A conceptual map was also developed to describe the social representations found. Results: In this study, 190 codes and three social representations were identified: "breastfeeding is a practice based on myths", "newborns are fragile" and "mother and child must be synchronized". Conclusions: Three social representations were identified that explain the practices of adolescents towards breastfeeding and the care of them and their children, which were acquired through family communication and strengthened by the need for support due to the temporary or permanent absence of the couple, personal crises motivated by bodily changes, fear of new modifications due to breastfeeding and ignorance about how carry out breastfeeding and care during the puerperium.

Análisis de los accidentes de trabajo y de trayecto de los trabajadores de un hospital de especialidades, en Jalisco México / Analysis of work-related accidents and commuting accidents among workers of a speciality hospital in Jalisco, México

Se presenta un análisis sobre accidentes de trabajo y de trayecto, de los años 2006 al 2010 de un hospital de especialidades, en el estado de Jalisco, México. En los años antes mencionados se dieron 102, 117, 122, 106 y 135 accidentes, respectivamente. Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento en los años mencionados sobre accidentabilidad y establecer comparaciones entre ellos, se revisaron los formatos existentes en lo referente accidentes de trabajo y de trayecto, dándose una accidentabilidad de 582 riesgos de trabajo de los cuales 345 fueron accidentes de trabajo y 237 accidentes de trayecto, en los periodos antes mencionados. En el año 2010 se dio el mayor número de riesgos de trabajo (accidentes de trabajo y de trayecto), con el 23,197 por ciento. En la categoría de enfermera general, los accidentados de trabajo como de trayecto, en los cinco años de la investigación, fue la de mayor accidentabilidad. En lo referente al turno de trabajo, el matutino fue el de mayor accidentabilidad, tanto para accidentes de trabajo como de trayecto, en cada uno de los años. En el año 2008, el mes de noviembre fue donde ocurrió el mayor número de accidentes, con el 13,90 por ciento del total de los años estudiados. En la actividad que realizaban al accidentarse, los trabajadores con mayor siniestralidad fue caminando en los años estudiados. En el tipo de accidente con mayor accidentabilidad fue movimientos bruscos. En la región anatómica afectada, en el año 2006 fue manos y sus partes de la misma; en el 2007, el cuello fue el de mayor accidentabilidad; en el año 2008 fueron las manos y sus partes de la mismas como también el cuello; en el 2009, cuello y tobillos; y, en el 2010 fue el cuello. Las causas de los accidentes para los años 2006, 2007 y 2009 fue falta de atención; para el 2008 y 2010 fue acto inseguro de terceros. El agente de la lesión fue la reacción corporal en los cinco años estudiados.

This paper presents an analysis of commuting accidents and work related accidents occurred between 2006 and 2010 to workers of a specialty hospital in the state of Jalisco, México. The total number of both types of accidents in these years were 102, 117, 122, 106 and 135 respectively. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate and compare occurrence patterns. Commuting and work related accident reports from these years were reviewed resulting in a total of 582 events (345 industrial accidents and 237 commuting accidents). 2010 presented the highest rate of work-related events (work-related and commuting accidents) with 23.197percent. “Registered Nurse” was the category with the highest accident rate (work-related as well as commuting accidents) during the five-year period reviewed. As to the working shift with the highest rate, the morning shift showed the most accidents (work-related and commuting) in every year reviewed. November 2008 was the month with the highest accident rate (13.9percent). The activity performed by workers with the highest accident rate was walking. Sudden movements was the type of accident with the highest rate. In 2006 the hands were the most affected body part; in 2007 the neck; in 2008 hands and neck; in 2009 neck and ankles, and in 2010 the neck. The main causes of accidents were: in 2006, 2007, and 2009 lack of attention; in 2008, and 2010 unsafe actions by third parties. The agent of injury in the reviewed five-year period was body reaction.

Factores psicosociales laborales y Síndrome de Burnout, diferencias entre hombres y mujeres docentes de secundaria, Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México / Occupational psychosocial and burnout syndrome: differences among male and female high school teachers, metropolitan area of Guadalajara, México

Objetivo: identificar las diferencias de los factores psicosociales laborales y el Síndrome de Burnout en hombres y mujeres docentes de secundaria de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Material y métodos: el estudio es observacional transversal yanalítico en una muestra de probabilística de 186 mujeres y 171hombres. Se utilizó la escala de Maslach Burnout Inventory y la Batería de Factores Psicosociales en el Trabajo Académico. Resultados: 84,1% de mujeres y 77,2% de hombres presentaron alguna dimensión de la escala de Maslasch “quemada”. Ambosidentificaron la presencia de factores psicosociales laborales, encontrando relación (p < 0,05) con el Síndrome de Burnout en los hombres con las condiciones de trabajo, el contenido y características de la tarea y la interacción social y en las mujeres con exigencias laborales. Conclusión: hombres y mujeres perciben por igual la presencia de factores psicosociales laborales, existiendo diferencias por género entre estos y el Síndrome de Burnout.

Objective: To identify the sex differences in labor psycho-social factorsand the Burnout Syndrome prevalence in middle school teachers, from Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone. Material and methods: This is an cross-sectional and analytical study with a probabilistic sample of 186 women 171 men. The scale of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Psycho-social Factors for Academic Work Inventory were used.Results: 84.1% of women and 77.2% of men presented some altered dimension on the MBI scale. Both groups identified the presence of negative labor psycho-social factors. In men was found a relationship (p <.05) among the burnout syndrome and the work conditions, workcontent, task characteristics and social interaction and in the women withlabor exigencies. Conclusion: Men and women perceive presence of negative labor psycho-social factors, but there are differences between them and theBurnout syndrome occurrence.

Factores psicosociales y síndrome de burnout en médicos de familia. México / Psychosocial factors and burnout syndrome in family physicians. Mexico

Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de los factores psicosociales laborales (sociodemográficos y laborales) y su relación con el síndrome de burnout en los médicos de familia que laboran en instituciones de salud. Materiales y Métodos: Para recabar la información necesaria en médicos de familia que laboraban en dos instituciones de salud para población derechohabiente en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, México, se utilizó dos cuestionarios: uno con variables sociodemográficas y laborales y el otro con la escala de Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) para evaluar la presencia del síndrome. Resultados: Participaron 197 médicos, 73 (37,1 por ciento ) mujeres y 124 (62,9 por ciento ) hombres. El 92,9 por ciento contaba con la especialidad, los demás tenían la licenciatura; sin embargo, en su contrato de trabajo eran considerados como médicos de familia. La prevalencia de burnout en los médicos de familia fue 41,8 por ciento . Tanto las asociaciones significativas como aquellas variables sociodemográficas y laborales que se comportaron como factor de riesgo se inclinaron hacia la dimensión "agotamiento emocional". Conclusiones: Aunque las variables en estudio fueron pocas, las que resultaron relacionadas con el desarrollo del síndrome fueron importantes como para ser vistas desde un nivel preventivo. Así mismo, se sugiere que quienes ya manifiestan signos y síntomas por este síndrome sean derivados para atención médica y/o psicológica y, si el caso lo requiere, brindarle incapacidad, con la finalidad de mejorar el bienestar y la salud del trabajador, así como la calidad de atención y de vida al derechohabiente.

Micetomas en el estado de Guanajuato / Mycetoma in the Guanajuato state

Se comunican 50 casos de micetoma procedentes del estado de Guanajuato, México. En 92 por ciento se presentaron en las extremidades inferiores. Se originaron por Nocardia en 54 por ciento, por Actinomadura madurae en 42 por ciento y por S. somaliensis en 2 por ciento. La frecuencia de micetoma por A. madurae en Guanajuato es la más alta en México, sobre todo en la parte sur del Estado y con predominio en mujeres en 71 por ciento

Endometrosis en adolescencia / Endometriosis in adolescents

Por mucho tiempo a la endometrosis no se la tenía en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial en las mujeres menores de 20 años que padecían de dismenorrea o de dolor pelviano crónico. Aproximadamente la mitad de las adolescentes que padecen estos síntomas son portadoras de una endometrosis. La laparoscopia ha permitido un diagnóstico precoz y de certeza evitando que dicha enfermedad alcance estadios severos. A pesar de los avances producidos la endometrosis es aún de difícil diagnóstico privando a la adolescente del tratamiento adecuado para su dolor y haciendo peligrar su futuro reproductivo