Pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event, and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. To date, approximately 15 cases have been reported. CASE SUMMARY: Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old woman with pituitary metastasis derived from lung adenocarcinoma, which was difficult to distinguish from other sellar tumors. The patient presented to the neurosurgery clinic with blurred vision and intermittent headache. During hospitalization, brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma. Chest CT revealed irregular nodules in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung, which were likely lung cancer. Positron emission tomography-CT revealed a carbohydrate metabolism tumor in the lungs and sellar region, which was considered malignant. Postoperative pathological examination of the sellar tumor revealed lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Excision of pituitary metastases combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be a priority treatment for patients with pituitary metastasis.

Ginsenosides: changing the basic hallmarks of cancer cells to achieve the purpose of treating breast cancer.

In 2021, breast cancer accounted for a substantial proportion of cancer cases and represented the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Although tumor cells originate from normal cells in the human body, they possess distinct biological characteristics resulting from changes in gene structure and function of cancer cells in contrast with normal cells. These distinguishing features, known as hallmarks of cancer cells, differ from those of normal cells. The hallmarks primarily include high metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and resistance to cell death. Current evidence suggests that the fundamental hallmarks of tumor cells affect the tissue structure, function, and metabolism of tumor cells and their internal and external environment. Therefore, these fundamental hallmarks of tumor cells enable tumor cells to proliferate, invade and avoid apoptosis. Modifying these hallmarks of tumor cells represents a new and potentially promising approach to tumor treatment. The key to breast cancer treatment lies in identifying the optimal therapeutic agent with minimal toxicity to normal cells, considering the specific types of tumor cells in patients. Some herbal medicines contain active ingredients which can precisely achieve this purpose. In this review, we introduce Ginsenoside's mechanism and research significance in achieving the therapeutic effect of breast cancer by changing the functional hallmarks of tumor cells, providing a new perspective for the potential application of Ginsenoside as a therapeutic drug for breast cancer.

Accuracy of multiparametric MRI in distinguishing the breast malignant lesions from benign lesions: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The sensitivity of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for detecting breast cancer was high and the specificity was relatively low. However, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has a high specificity in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) in distinguishing the breast malignant lesions from the benign lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases was conducted up to March 2020. Data were analyzed for the following indexes: pooled sensitivity and specificity; positive likelihood ratio; negative likelihood ratio; diagnostic odds ratio; and the area under the curve. RESULTS: A total of 2356 patients with 1604 malignant and 967 benign breast lesions were included from 22 studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve for mp-MRI were 0.93, 0.85, 6.3, 0.08, 81, and 0.96, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for DCE-MRI alone were 0.95, 0.71, and 0.92, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for DWI alone were 0.88, 0.84, and 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSION: The mp-MRI did not improve the sensitivity but increased the specificity for the diagnosis of breast malignant lesions.

Senescent Cell-Secreted Netrin-1 Modulates Aging-Related Disorders by Recruiting Sympathetic Fibers.

Cellular senescence is implicated in several lines of aging-related disorders. However, the potential molecular mechanisms by which cellular senescence modulates age-related pathologies remain largely unexplored. Herein, we report that the density of sympathetic fibers (SFs) is significantly elevated in naturally aged mouse tissues and human colon adenoma tissues compared to the SFs densities in the corresponding young mouse tissues and human non-lesion colon tissues. A dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-human diploid fibroblast coculture assay revealed that senescent cells promote the outgrowth of SFs, indicating that the senescent cells induce recruitment of SFs in vitro. Additionally, subcutaneous transplantation of 2BS fibroblasts in nude mice shows that transplanted senescent 2BS fibroblasts promote SFs infiltration. Intra-articular senolytic molecular injection can reduce SFs density and inhibit SFs infiltration caused by senescent cells in osteoarthritis (OA), suggesting senescent cells promote the infiltration of SFs in vivo in aged tissues. Notably, the elevated level of SFs contributes to impaired cognitive function in naturally aged mice, which can be reversed by treatment with propranolol hydrochloride, a non-selective ß receptor blocker that inhibits sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) by blocking non-selective ß receptors. Additionally, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced sympathectomy improved hepatic sympathetic overactivity mediated hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)-fed APOE knockout mice (APOE-/- mice) by reducing hepatic SNA. Taken together, this study concludes that senescent cell-secreted netrin-1 mediated SFs outgrowth and infiltration, which contributes to aging-related disorders, suggesting that clearing senescent cells or inhibiting SNA is a promising therapeutic strategy for improving sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity-induced aging-related pathologies.

Circular RNA CircCCNB1 sponges micro RNA-449a to inhibit cellular senescence by targeting CCNE2.

Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a novel subset of non-coding RNA widely present in eukaryotes that play a central role in physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence has indicated that CircRNAs participated in modulating tumorigenesis by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA). However, the roles and functions of CircRNAs in cellular senescence and aging of organisms remain largely obscure. We performed whole transcriptome sequencing to compare the expression patterns of circular RNAs in young and prematurely senescent human diploid fibroblast 2BS cells, and identified senescence-associated circRNAs (SAC-RNAs). Among these SAC-RNAs, we observed the significantly downregulated expression of CircRNAs originating from exons 6 and 7 circularization of the cyclin B1 gene (CCNB1), termed CircCCNB1. Reduced CircCCNB1 expression triggered senescence in young 2BS cells, as measured by increased senescence associated-beta-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) activity, enhanced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A)/P21 and tumor protein 53 (TP53) expression, and reduced cell proliferation. Mechanistically, reduced CircCCNB1 level inhibited cyclin E2 (CCNE2) expression by modulating micro RNA (miR)-449a activity, which repressed cellular proliferation. Our data suggested that CircCCNB1may serve as a sponge against miR-449a to delay cellular senescence by targeting CCNE2. Targeting CircCCNB1 may represent a promising strategy for aging and age-related disease interventions. Furthermore, we also identified and characterized several kinds of the CircCCNB1-binding proteins (CBPs), which may contribute to the degradation of CircCCNB1.

[Impacts of Different Nostril for Nasotracheal Intubation with Video Laryngoscopy].

Objective To compare the impacts of different nostril on nasotracheal intubation with video laryngoscopy.Methods Totally 120 ASA grade I maxillofacial surgery patients were equally randomized into two groups:group A(left nostril)and group B(right nostril).After rapid induction of anesthesia,the nasal intubation was completed by Tosight video laryngoscope,and the success rate of the first attempt of the tube passing through the nasal cavity was recorded and compared between these two groups.In addition,time of tube through nasal cavity,time of glottis exposure,total intubation time,intubation success rate,and nasal bleeding were recorded.Results The success rate of the first attempt of tube passing through the nasal cavity was not significantly different between groups A and B(84.7% vs. 81.7%;χ 2=0.202,P=0.653).The time of tube passing through nasal cavity [(7.3±4.6)s vs.(7.5±4.1)s;t=-0.223,P=0.824] and the time of glottic exposure [(6.6±1.4)s vs.(6.7±1.4)s;t=-0.348,P=0.728] had no significant differences between two groups.The success rates of first intubation attempt were 100% in both groups.The total intubation time was(35.1±9.2)s in group A and(34.0±7.8)s in group B(t=0.663,P=0.509).Intubation-related epistaxis was found in 16 cases(27.1%)in group A and in 17 cases(28.3%)in group B(χ 2 =0.022,P=0.882).Conclusion Different nasal approaches have no effect on nasal intubation.