mRNA-responsive two-in-one nanodrug for enhanced anti-tumor chemo-gene therapy.

The combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment and eradication of tumors. However, due to significant differences in physicochemical properties between chemotherapeutic agents and functional nucleic acid drugs, direct integration into a single nano-agent is hindered, impeding the design and construction of an effective co-delivery nano-platform for synergistic anti-tumor treatments. In this study, we have developed an mRNA-responsive two-in-one nano-drug for effective anti-tumor therapy by the direct self-assembly of 2'-fluoro-substituted antisense DNA against P-glycoprotein (2'F-DNA) and chemo drug paclitaxel (PTX). The 2'-fluoro modification of DNA could significantly increase the interaction between the therapeutic nucleic acid and the chemotherapeutic drug, promoting the successful formation of 2'F-DNA/PTX nanospheres (2'F-DNA/PTX NSs). Due to the one-step self-assembly process without additional carrier materials, the prepared 2'F-DNA/PTX NSs exhibited considerable loading efficiency and bioavailability of PTX. In the presence of endogenous P-glycoprotein mRNA, the 2'F-DNA/PTX NSs were disassembled. The released 2'F-DNA could down-regulate the expression of P-glycoprotein, which decreased the multidrug resistance of tumor cells and enhanced the chemotherapy effect caused by PTX. In this way, the 2'F-DNA/PTX NSs could synergistically induce the apoptosis of tumor cells and realize the combined anti-tumor therapy. This strategy might provide a new tool to explore functional intracellular co-delivery nano-systems with high bioavailability and exhibit potential promising in the applications of accurate diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Mechanisms of probiotic modulation of ovarian sex hormone production and metabolism: a review.

Sex hormones play a pivotal role in the growth and development of the skeletal, neurological, and reproductive systems. In women, the dysregulation of sex hormones can result in various health complications such as acne, hirsutism, and irregular menstruation. One of the most prevalent diseases associated with excess androgens is polycystic ovary syndrome with a hyperandrogenic phenotype. Probiotics have shown the potential to enhance the secretion of ovarian sex hormones. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Furthermore, comprehensive reviews detailing how probiotics modulate ovarian sex hormones are scarce. This review seeks to shed light on the potential mechanisms through which probiotics influence the production of ovarian sex hormones. The role of probiotics across various biological axes, including the gut-ovarian, gut-brain-ovarian, gut-liver-ovarian, gut-pancreas-ovarian, and gut-fat-ovarian axes, with a focus on the direct impact of probiotics on the ovaries via the gut and their effects on brain gonadotropins is discussed. It is also proposed herein that probiotics can significantly influence the onset, progression, and complications of ovarian sex hormone abnormalities. In addition, this review provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic application of probiotics in managing sex hormone-related health conditions.

The FANCI/FANCD2 complex links DNA damage response to R-loop regulation through SRSF1-mediated mRNA export.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer susceptibility. The central FA protein complex FANCI/FANCD2 (ID2) is activated by monoubiquitination and recruits DNA repair proteins for interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and replication fork protection. Defects in the FA pathway lead to R-loop accumulation, which contributes to genomic instability. Here, we report that the splicing factor SRSF1 and FANCD2 interact physically and act together to suppress R-loop formation via mRNA export regulation. We show that SRSF1 stimulates FANCD2 monoubiquitination in an RNA-dependent fashion. In turn, FANCD2 monoubiquitination proves crucial for the assembly of the SRSF1-NXF1 nuclear export complex and mRNA export. Importantly, several SRSF1 cancer-associated mutants fail to interact with FANCD2, leading to inefficient FANCD2 monoubiquitination, decreased mRNA export, and R-loop accumulation. We propose a model wherein SRSF1 and FANCD2 interaction links DNA damage response to the avoidance of pathogenic R-loops via regulation of mRNA export.

Comparisons of the clinical outcomes of Centurion® active fluidics system with a low IOP setting and gravity fluidics system with a normal IOP setting for cataract patients with low corneal endothelial cell density.

Background: During cataract phacoemulsification surgery, the Alcon Centurion with Active Sentry can achieve a more stable anterior chamber, which allows a lower intraocular pressure (IOP) setting than the gravity fluidics system. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared these two systems' damage to the cornea under different IOP settings. Methods: Seventy-eight eyes of 53 patients with corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) of 500∼1500/mm2 were enrolled and randomly divided into the active fluidics system (AFS) group using an Active Sentry handpiece with 30 mmHg IOP setting (40 eyes) and the gravity fluidics system (GFS) group using an Ozil handpiece with 80 cmH2O IOP setting (38 eyes). Intraoperative parameters, visual acuity, corneal edema ratio, central corneal thickness (CCT) changes as well as loss rate of ECD were analyzed. Results: We observed no significant differences in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), total case time, estimated fluidics usage (EFU) and ophthalmic viscoelastic devices (OVDs) usage between the two groups. The enrolled eyes were further divided into soft nucleus (27 eyes) and hard nucleus (51 eyes) subgroups. And we found less pain complaint during surgeries, lower corneal edema ratio at 1-day and 1-week visit, smaller CCT changes at 1-day visit and lower ECD loss rate at 1-month visit (p < 0.05) in both subgroups of the AFS group than in the GFS group, implying higher intraoperative comfort levels and less corneal damage of the AFS group with a low IOP setting. Conclusion: Owing to a lower IOP setting, Centurion® Vision System with Active Sentry handpiece causes less corneal damage and pain perception during phacoemulsification for patients with low pre-operative ECD. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300077865.

NY-ESO-1 antigen-antibody interaction process based on an TFBG plasmonic sensor.

Autoantibodies against New York esophageal squamous cell cancer 1 (NY-ESO-1) play a crucial role in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. In this work, a surface plasmonic tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) biosensor is proposed for the detection of NY-ESO-1 antibody, as well as the investigation of the hook effect (which refers to the false negative result in some immunoassays when the concentration of antibodies in the sample is very high) during biomolecular binding between NY-ESO-1 antigen and antibody. The biosensor is made by an 18° TFBG coated with a 50-nm-thick gold film over the fiber surface together with NY-ESO-1 antigens attached to the metallic surface serving as bio-receptors. This biosensor can provide a limit of detection at a concentration of 2 × 10-7 µg/ml with a good linearity in the range from 2 × 10-7 to 2 × 10-5 µg/ml. For a concentration higher than 2 × 10-3 µg/ml, the performance of the sensor probe is reduced owing to the hook effect. Furthermore, experimental results have also demonstrated the repeatability of the proposed biosensor. This proposed biosensor features label-free, compactness, and fast response, which could be potentially applied in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

Mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate depressive and anxiety-like behaviors via a lung vagal-to-brain axis in male mice.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common and disabling mental disorders, and current strategies remain inadequate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown beneficial effects in experimental models of depression, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, using murine depression models, we demonstrated that MSCs could alleviate depressive and anxiety-like behaviors not due to a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, but rather activation of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons. Mechanistically, peripheral delivery of MSCs activated pulmonary innervating vagal sensory neurons, which projected to the nucleus tractus solitarius, inducing the release of 5-HT in DRN. Furthermore, MSC-secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor activated lung sensory neurons through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and inhalation of a TrkB agonist also achieved significant therapeutic effects in male mice. This study reveals a role of peripheral MSCs in regulating central nervous system function and demonstrates a potential "lung vagal-to-brain axis" strategy for MDD.

An Update on the Pivotal Roles of Probiotics, Their Components, and Metabolites in Preventing Colon Cancer.

Diet, lifestyle, and gut microbiota composition are key risk factors for the progression of colon cancer. Probiotics are living microorganisms that can offer health benefits to the parasitifer when ingested in competent quantities. Several in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotics can prevent and mitigate the development of colon cancer. The anti-colon cancer mechanisms of probiotics include the suppression of cell proliferation and the promotion of cancer cell apoptosis, immunomodulation, the modulation of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolism, strengthening the intestinal barrier, and antioxidant effects. This article describes the pathogenesis of colon cancer and the available therapeutic options. In addition, this paper reviews the mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate colon cancer as well as the mitigating effects of probiotic components and metabolites on colon cancer.

Bibliometric analysis of research relating to refractive cataract surgery over a 20-year period: from 2003 to 2022.

AIM: To investigate the research trend on refractive cataract surgery, compare the contributions of different countries, institutions, journals, and authors in the past 20y, and explore its potential research hotspots. METHODS: All publications were extracted relating to refractive cataract surgery from 2003 to 2022 from Web of Science. Document types were limited to original articles and reviews, and the language was limited to English. Quantitatively and qualitatively of the publications were analyzed through Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for bibliometric and visualized analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2090 publications were enrolled. The United States contributed the most publications (434, 20.8%), followed by China (345, 16.5%) and England (163, 7.80%). Publications from the United States were cited more frequently (9552 citations) with the highest H-index of 48. China ranked second in the total number of publications, the papers were not cited that frequently (3237 citations), and the H-index ranked sixth (H-index=29). Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery published the most papers (333, 15.9%), and the University of London had the highest number of publications (75, 3.59%). Dick HB from Germany published the most papers. Corneal astigmatism-related research, cataract surgery method-related research, postoperative visual-quality relate to research, and postoperative complications-relate research are the hotspots in this field. The most significant limitation was that the database was updated frequently and the latest publications were not included. CONCLUSION: The bibliometric analysis shows a brief summarization of the contribution of the authors, institutions, countries, and journals. Corneal astigmatism, cataract surgery method, postoperative visual-quality and postoperative complications related researches have become the emerging hotspots, which can give a direction in the future researches.

Rotating the Intraocular Lens to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification in Cataract Surgeries.

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common postoperative complication of extracapsular cataract surgery, which is caused by the proliferation and migration of lens epithelial cells and can affect long-term visual outcomes significantly. The most effective treatment for PCO is neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy; however, this treatment is associated with posterior segment complication and can break the stability of capsular bag, affecting the position and function of trifocal or toric intraocular lenses (IOLs). Advances in surgical procedures, IOL design, and pharmacy have reduced the rate of PCO in recent years, concentrating on the inhibition of proliferative lens epithelial cells (LECs). This protocol aimed to clear LECs more thoroughly during phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. The first several steps, including clear corneal incision, continuous circular capsulorhexis, hydrodissection, hydrodelineation, and phacoemulsification, were completed as conventional procedures. After placing the IOL into the capsular bag, rotation of the IOL by at least 360° was performed using an irrigation/aspiration tip or a hook, with slight stress on the posterior capsule. Some residuals occurred in the originally transparent capsular bag after rotation of the IOLs. Then, these materials and the viscoelastic were cleared completely using an irrigation/aspiration system. A clear posterior capsule was observed after the surgery in patients undergoing this method. This method of rotating IOLs is a simple, effective, and safe way to prevent PCO by clearing residual LECs and can be carried out without extra tools or skills.

Urban Microplastic Pollution Revealed by a Large-Scale Wetland Soil Survey.

Microplastics (MPs), as a new persistent pollutant, can be emitted and accumulated in urban environments, but there is no detailed information on the driving factors of MP pollution. In this study, through a large-scale wetland soil survey, the features of MPs were characterized in each urban area. The results showed an average abundance to be 379 n/kg in wetland soil. Polypropylene, fiber or fragment, and black color were common composition, shape, and color, respectively. The spatial distribution information showed that MP abundance was significantly relevant to the distance from the urban economic center. Furthermore, the correlation and regression analysis revealed that MP abundance was related to soil heavy metal and atmospheric particle (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations (P < 0.05), while the promotion of socioeconomic activities (urbanization level, population density, etc.) may aggravate the pollution degree. Additionally, by using structural equation modeling, it was found that the urbanization level was the dominant factor driving the MP pollution degree, with a total effect coefficient of 0.49. Overall, this work provides multi-sided environmental information regarding MP pollution in urban ecosystems, which is significant for follow-up studies of MP pollution control and restoration.

Refractive surprise of irregular astigmatism following cataract surgery in two patients with neglected subclinical corneal ectasia: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Corneal ectatic diseases are a group of corneal disorder characterized by the steepening and thinning of the cornea. Older people are not a high-risk population for corneal ectatic diseases; due to the lack of typical preoperative topographic manifestations, there is a high possibility that corneal ectasia is undetected. CASE PRESENTATION: Two patients with subclinical corneal ectasia and senile cataracts presented with irregular astigmatism after steep-axis incision during cataract surgery. The two cases presented in this case report are rare because both patients experienced tremendous changes in astigmatism after cataract surgery. CONCLUSION: This case report may shed some light on astigmatism-correcting steep-axis incisions in cataract surgeries.

Well-TEMP-seq as a microwell-based strategy for massively parallel profiling of single-cell temporal RNA dynamics.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals the transcriptional heterogeneity of cells, but the static snapshots fail to reveal the time-resolved dynamics of transcription. Herein, we develop Well-TEMP-seq, a high-throughput, cost-effective, accurate, and efficient method for massively parallel profiling the temporal dynamics of single-cell gene expression. Well-TEMP-seq combines metabolic RNA labeling with scRNA-seq method Well-paired-seq to distinguish newly transcribed RNAs marked by T-to-C substitutions from pre-existing RNAs in each of thousands of single cells. The Well-paired-seq chip ensures a high single cell/barcoded bead pairing rate (~80%) and the improved alkylation chemistry on beads greatly alleviates chemical conversion-induced cell loss (~67.5% recovery). We further apply Well-TEMP-seq to profile the transcriptional dynamics of colorectal cancer cells exposed to 5-AZA-CdR, a DNA-demethylating drug. Well-TEMP-seq unbiasedly captures the RNA dynamics and outperforms the splicing-based RNA velocity method. We anticipate that Well-TEMP-seq will be broadly applicable to unveil the dynamics of single-cell gene expression in diverse biological processes.

Transcriptome-wide high-throughput m6 A sequencing of differential m6 A methylation patterns in the decidual tissues from RSA patients.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is characterized by two or more consecutive pregnancy losses in the first trimester of pregnancy, experienced by 5% of women during their reproductive age. As a complex pathological process, the etiology of RSA remains poorly understood. Recent studies have established that gene expression changes dramatically in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) during decidualization. N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) modification is the most prevalent epigenetic modification of mRNA in eukaryotic cells and it is closely related to the occurrence and development of many pathophysiological phenomena. In this study, we first confirmed that high levels of m6 A mRNA methylation in decidual tissues are associated with RSA. Then, we used m6 A-modified RNA immunoprecipitation sequence (m6 A-seq) and RNA sequence (RNA-seq) to identify the differentially expressed m6 A methylation in decidual tissues from RSA patients and identified the key genes involved in abnormal decidualization by bioinformatics analysis. Using m6 A-seq, we identified a total of 2169 genes with differentially expressed m6 A methylation, of which 735 m6 A hypermethylated genes and 1434 m6 A hypomethylated genes were identified. Further joint analysis of m6 A-seq and RNA-seq revealed that 133 genes were m6 A modified with mRNA expression. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these unique genes were mainly enriched in environmental information processing pathways, including the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In summary, this study uncovered the transcriptome-wide m6 A modification pattern in decidual tissue of RSA, which provides a theoretical basis for further research into m6 A modification and new therapeutic strategies for RSA.

Time-dependent effects of microplastics on soil bacteriome.

Microplastic threats to biodiversity, health and ecological safety are adding to concern worldwide, but the real impacts on the functioning of organisms and ecosystems are obscure owing to their inert characteristics. Here we investigated the long-lasting ecological effects of six prevalent microplastic types: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on soil bacteria at a 2 % (w/w) level. Due to the inertia and lack of available nitrogen of these microplastics, their effects on bacteriome tended to converge after one year and were strongly different from their short-term effects. The soil volumes around microplastics were very specific, in which the microplastic-adapted bacteria (e.g., some genera in Actinobacteria) were enriched but the phyla Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes declined, resulting in higher microbial nitrogen requirements and reduced organic carbon mineralization. The reshaped bacteriome was specialized in the genetic potential of xenobiotic and lipid metabolism as well as related oxidation, esterification, and hydrolysis processes, but excessive oxidative damage resulted in severe weakness in community genetic information processing. According to model predictions, microplastic effects are indirectly derived from nutrients and oxidative stress, and the effects on bacterial functions are stronger than on structure, posing a heavy risk to soil ecosystems.

Novel multiparametric MRI-based radiomics in preoperative prediction of perirectal fat invasion in rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a nomogram that combines clinical and radiomic features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative perirectal fat invasion (PFI) prediction in rectal cancer. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. A total of 363 patients from two centers were included in the study. Patients in the first center were randomly divided into training cohort (n = 212) and internal validation cohort (n = 91) at the ratio of 7:3. Patients in the second center were allocated to the external validation cohort (n = 60). Among the training cohort, the numbers of patients who were PFI positive and PFI negative were 108 and 104, respectively. The radiomics features of preoperative T2-weighted images, diffusion-weighted images and enhanced T1-weighted images were extracted, and the total Radscore of each patient was obtained. We created Clinic model and Radscore model, respectively, according to clinical data or Radscore only. And that, we assembled the combined model using the clinical data and Radscore. We used DeLong's test, receiver operating characteristic, calibration and decision curve analysis to assess the models' performance. RESULTS: The three models had good performance. Clinic model and Radscore model showed equivalent performance with AUCs of 0.85, 0.82 (accuracy of 81%, 81%) in the training cohort, AUCs of 0.78, 0.86 (accuracy of 74%, 84%) in the internal cohort, and 0.84, 0.84 (accuracy of 80%, 82%) in the external cohort without statistical difference (DeLong's test, p > 0.05). AUCs and accuracy of Combined model were 0.89 and 87%, 0.90 and 88%, and 0.90 and 88% in the three cohorts, respectively, which were higher than that of Clinic model and Radscore model, but only in the training cohort with a statistical difference (DeLong's test, p < 0.05). The calibration curves of the nomogram exhibited acceptable consistency, and the decision curve analysis indicated higher net benefit in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: A nomogram combining clinical and radiomic features of MRI to compute the probability of PFI in rectal cancer was developed and validated. It has the potential to serve as a preoperative biomarker for predicting pathological PFI of rectal cancer.

Nestin+ Peyer's patch resident MSCs enhance healing of inflammatory bowel disease through IL-22-mediated intestinal epithelial repair.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by gastrointestinal tract inflammation and still lacks satisfactory treatments. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show promising potential for treating IBD, but their therapeutic efficacy varies depending on the tissue of origin. We aim to investigate whether intestine Peyer's patch (PP)-derived MSCs have superior immunomodulatory effects on T cells and better therapeutic effects on IBD compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs. We isolated PPs-derived Nestin+ MSCs (MSCsPP ) and bone marrow-derived Nestin+ MSCs (MSCsBM ) from Nestin-GFP transgenic mice to explore their curative effects on murine IBD model. Moreover, we tested the effects of IL-22 knockdown and IL-22 overexpression on the therapeutic efficacy of MSCsPP and MSCsBM in murine IBD, respectively. We demonstrated that Nestin+ cells derived from murine PPs exhibit MSC-like biological characteristics. Compared with MSCsBM , MSCsPP possess enhanced immunoregulatory ability to suppress T cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, we observed that MSCsPP exhibited greater therapeutic efficacy than MSCsBM in murine IBD models. Interestingly, IL-22, which was highly expressed in MSCsPP , could alleviate the severity of the intestinal inflammation, while knockdown IL-22 of MSCsPP remarkably weakened the therapeutic effects. More importantly, IL-22 overexpressing MSCsBM could significantly improve the symptoms of murine IBD models. This study systemically demonstrated that murine MSCsPP have a prominent advantage in murine IBD treatment, partly through IL-22.

The effect of implantable collamer Lens V4c on ocular biometric measurements and intraocular lens power calculation based on Pentacam-AXL and IOLMaster 500.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the possible effect of implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c on ocular biometric measurements by a new biometer Pentacam-AXL and partial coherence interferometry (PCI)-based IOLMaster 500 and intraocular lens power calculation using fourth-generation formula. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent ICL (EVO-V4c, STAAR Surgical Co. Nidau, Switzerland) implantation surgery from September 2020 to November 2021. The Pentacam-AXL and IOLMaster 500 biometers were used to measure axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry (K), white to white (WTW), and central corneal thickness (CCT) values before and at least 2 months after ICL V4c implantation. The IOL power was calculated using the Barrett Universal II formula. RESULTS: The study included 45 eyes in 28 patients. There was a significant increase in ALs (average 0.03 ± 0.07 mm, p = 0.01) and a significant decrease of ACDs (average 0.19 ± 0.17 mm, p < 0.001) based on Pentacam-AXL. Similar changes in ALs and ACDs were also found in IOLMaster 500. In addition, the difference in WTWs in the two devices and that of CCTs in Pentacam-AXL were statistically significant. However, the preoperative and postoperative K1 and K2 were separately comparable using either device. The IOL power calculated by the Barrett Universal II formula did not change significantly either by the software built in Pentacam-AXL or by manually putting the parameters of the IOLMaster 500 into the formula manually (p = 0.058, p = 0.675, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular parameters including ALs, ACDs, WTWs, and CCTs using a new Pentacam-AXL and standard PCI-based IOLMaster 500 changed significantly before and after the ICL V4c implantation, while IOL power prediction using the Barrett Universal II formula was little affected.

Biomineralized hybrid nanodots for tumor therapy via NIR-II fluorescence and photothermal imaging.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging and promising therapeutic strategy that suppresses tumor growth by catalytically converting intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly-reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, the inherent substrate of H2O2 is relatively insufficient to achieve desirable CDT efficacy. Therefore, searching for integrated therapeutic methods with synergistic therapeutic modality is especially vital to augment therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we reported nanodot- CuxMnySz @BSA@ICG (denoted as CMS@B@I) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based biomineralization CuxMnySz (CMS) loaded with photodynamic agent-indocyanine green (ICG). CMS@B@I converts endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly active hydroxyl radical (•OH) via Fenton reaction, and effectively produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) after being exposed to 808 nm laser irradiation, attributable to the excellent photodynamic agent-ICG. This results in eliciting a ROS storm. Additionally, CMS@B@I exhibits a superior photothermal effect under NIR-II 1064 nm laser irradiation to enhance tumor CDT efficacy. The NIR-II fluorescence imaging agent of ICG and the excellent photothermal effect of CMS@B@I are highly beneficial to NIR-II fluorescence and infrared thermal imaging, respectively, resulting in tracing the fate of CMS@B@I. This study attempts to design a bimodal imaging-guided and photothermal-enhanced CDT nanoagent for augmenting tumor catalytic therapy.

Biocompatible Iron Oxide Nanoring-Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Innovative Magnetothermal Approach for Cell Tracking and Targeted Stroke Therapy.

Labeling stem cells with magnetic nanoparticles is a promising technique for in vivo tracking and magnetic targeting of transplanted stem cells, which is critical for improving the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy. However, conventional endocytic labeling with relatively poor labeling efficiency and a short labeling lifetime has hindered the implementation of these innovative enhancements in stem-cell-mediated regenerative medicine. Herein, we describe an advanced magnetothermal approach to label mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) efficiently by local induction of heat-enhanced membrane permeability for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking and targeted therapy of stroke, where biocompatible γ-phase, ferrimagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide nanorings (γ-FVIOs) with superior magnetoresponsive properties were used as a tracer. This approach facilitates a safe and efficient labeling of γ-FVIOs as high as 150 pg of Fe per cell without affecting the MSCs proliferation and differentiation, which is 3.44-fold higher than that by endocytosis labeling. Such a high labeling efficiency not only enables the ultrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of sub-10 cells and long-term tracking of transplanted MSCs over 10 weeks but also endows transplanted MSCs with a magnetic manipulation ability in vivo. A proof-of-concept study using a rat stroke model showed that the labeled MSCs facilitated MRI tracking and magnetic targeting for efficient replacement therapy with a significantly reduced dosage of 5 × 104 transplanted cells. The findings in this study have demonstrated the great potential of the magnetothermal approach as an efficient labeling technique for future clinical usage.

Effects of functional training on postoperative anterior cruciate injury in athletes hospitalized / Efeitos do treinamento funcional hospitalar no pós-operatório do cruzado anterior em atletas / Efectos del entrenamiento funcional intrahospitalario en la lesión postoperatoria del cruzado anterior en atletas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a common clinical sports injury, and its incidence has an increasing tendency. The understanding by nurses of the best practices in the postoperative period of various surgeries has contributed to the early return of patients to their activities. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for optimizing the hospital protocol for the postoperative stage. Objective: Optimize perioperative nursing care and postoperative functional exercises in sports ligament injuries. Methods: Thirty patients (18 males, age 29.2±8.7 years) with knee cruciate ligament injury admitted to Sanya University Hospital from January to December were selected. Three to five days after admission, based on a regular physical and chemical examination and cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery under epidural anesthesia. Prevention care for postoperative complications, monitoring of vital signs and alternating position on the stretcher, mobilizations, and pain care were detailed. According to the Lysholm and Tegner activity scales, evaluation was made in the functional loss and level of recovery caused by the knee ligament injury. Results: The hospital stay in this group was 12 to 43 days, with a mean of (25.4±8.6) days. After two months of follow-up, 11 cases showed excellent functional recovery, 17 cases of functional recovery were good, the excellent and good index was 93.3%. After six months of follow-up, all patients in this group returned to work and normal life. Conclusion: Optimized treatment with functional training in the post-surgical period, good care, and adapted exercises are of great importance for the brief recovery of a sports function. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução: A ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior é uma lesão clínica esportiva comum e sua incidência tem uma tendência crescente. A compreensão pelas enfermeiras sobre as melhores práticas no pós-operatório de várias cirurgias tem colaborado para o retorno precoce dos pacientes às suas atividades. Urge a necessidade de uma otimização no protocolo hospitalar para esse pós-cirúrgico. Objetivo: Otimizar as condutas de enfermagem perioperatória e os exercícios funcionais pós-operatórios das lesões ligamentares esportivas. Métodos: Trinta pacientes (18 homens, idade de 29.2±8.7 anos) com lesão do ligamento cruzado do joelho internados no hospital da Universidade Sanya entre janeiro a dezembro foram selecionados. Decorridos 3 a 5 dias após a admissão, com base em exames físicos e químicos regulares, e cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado sob anestesia peridural. Foram detalhados os cuidados de prevenção para complicações no pós-operatório, monitoramento de sinais vitais e alternância de posição na maca, mobilizações e cuidados com a dor. A debilidade funcional e o nível de recuperação causados pela lesão ligamentar do joelho foram avaliados de acordo com a escala de pontuação de Lysholm e a escala de atividade de Tegner. Resultados: A permanência hospitalar nesse grupo foi de 12 a 43 dias, com uma média de (25,4±8,6) dias. Após 2 meses de acompanhamento, 11 casos mostraram excelente recuperação funcional, 17 casos de recuperação funcional foram bons, o índice excelente e bom foi de 93,3%. Depois de 6 meses de acompanhamento, todos os pacientes desse grupo voltaram ao trabalho e à vida normal. Conclusão: O tratamento otimizado com treinamento funcional no pós-cirúrgico, bons cuidados e exercícios adaptados são de grande importância para a breve recuperação da função esportiva. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción: La rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior es una lesión deportiva clínica común y su incidencia tiene una tendencia creciente. El conocimiento por parte de las enfermeras de las mejores prácticas en el postoperatorio de varias cirugías ha colaborado a la pronta vuelta de los pacientes a sus actividades. Urge la necesidad de una optimización en el protocolo hospitalario para este postoperatorio. Objetivo: Optimizar los cuidados de enfermería perioperatorios y los ejercicios funcionales postoperatorios en las lesiones ligamentosas deportivas. Métodos: Se seleccionaron treinta pacientes (18 varones, con una edad de 29,2±8,7 años) con lesión del ligamento cruzado de la rodilla ingresados en el Hospital Universitario de Sanya de enero a diciembre. De tres a cinco días después del ingreso, según el examen físico y químico regular, y la cirugía de reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado bajo anestesia epidural. Se detallaron los cuidados de prevención de las complicaciones postoperatorias, la vigilancia de las constantes vitales y la alternancia de posición en la camilla, las movilizaciones y los cuidados del dolor. La debilidad funcional y el nivel de recuperación causados por la lesión del ligamento de la rodilla se evaluaron según la escala de puntuación de Lysholm y la escala de actividad de Tegner. Resultados: La estancia hospitalaria en este grupo fue de 12 a 43 días, con una media de (25,4±8,6) días. Tras 2 meses de seguimiento, 11 casos mostraron una excelente recuperación funcional, 17 casos de recuperación funcional fueron buenos, el índice de excelente y bueno fue del 93,3%. Tras 6 meses de seguimiento, todos los pacientes de este grupo volvieron al trabajo y a la vida normal. Conclusión: El tratamiento optimizado con entrenamiento funcional en el periodo postoperatorio, los buenos cuidados y los ejercicios adaptados son de gran importancia para la breve recuperación de la función deportiva. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.