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1.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 101(50): e32285, 2022 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36550924

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease related to the production of autoantibodies. It is mediated by antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle specific kinase (MuSK) or other AChR related proteins in the postsynaptic muscle membrane, which interfere with the transmission of signals at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in clinical symptoms of skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue, leading to the occurrence and development of MG. At present, the incidence rate of Mg is increasing year by year. At present, the method of invigorating spleen, replenishing qi and tonifying kidney in traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in the clinical treatment of MG, and the effect is good. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the method of invigorating the spleen, supplementing qi and tonifying the kidney in the treatment of MG. METHODS: We will search from the following eight databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Sinomed, Wanfang, and Vip. All randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature has been searched and classified since the establishment of the database to date. In this study, two researchers independently screened and evaluated the quality of the retrieved literature. Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The meta-analysis uses RevMan 5.3 software provided by Cochrane Collaboration Network for meta analysis. RESULTS: This study compared the main outcome indicators: clinical response rate, recurrence rate, incidence of adverse reactions, quantitative myasthenia gravis score (QMG). Secondary outcomes were clinical absolute score, quality of life score (QOL), levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-10, and serum acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab) levels. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the method of invigorating the spleen, supplementing qi and tonifying the kidney in treating MG, and to provide evidence based medicine.


Assuntos
Miastenia Gravis , Baço , Humanos , Rim , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/métodos , Metanálise como Assunto , Miastenia Gravis/tratamento farmacológico , Qi , Receptores Colinérgicos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto
2.
Am J Transl Res ; 14(3): 1714-1720, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35422918

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy, safety, and prognosis of full-threaded headless cannulated compression screws (HCCSs) and anatomical plates (APs) in the treatment of triplane fractures of the distal tibia. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 74 patients with triplane fractures of the distal tibia treated in our hospital from April 2017 to March 2019 were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 38 patients receiving full-threaded HCCSs were assigned to the research group (RG), and the remaining 36 patients receiving APs were assigned to the control group (CG). The general indices, including operation, fracture healing, and ambulation times, efficacy, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied to assess pain, and a quality of life (QOL) survey was conducted at 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Compared with the CG, the operation time, fracture healing time, and ambulation time of the RG were significantly shortened (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with excellent and good outcomes and Mazur Scores in the RG were higher than those in the CG (P<0.05). The frequency of complications in the RG was lower than that in the CG (P<0.05). The preoperative VAS score did not exhibit significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05), but the scores in the RG at T1 and T2 were significantly lower than those in the CG (P<0.001). The QOL score in the RG (76.17±8.57) was also significantly higher than in the CG (71.54±8.02) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Full-threaded HCCSs are more effective and safer than APs and can effectively improve the prognosis of patients with triplane fractures of the distal tibia.

3.
Neurobiol Aging ; 34(6): 1564-80, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23273573

RESUMO

Impaired brain energy metabolism and oxidative stress are implicated in cognitive decline and the pathologic accumulations of amyloid ß-peptide (Aß) and hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To determine whether improving brain energy metabolism will forestall disease progress in AD, the impact of the ß-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursor nicotinamide on brain cell mitochondrial function and macroautophagy, bioenergetics-related signaling, and cognitive performance were studied in cultured neurons and in a mouse model of AD. Oxidative stress resulted in decreased mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial degeneration, and autophagosome accumulation in neurons. Nicotinamide preserved mitochondrial integrity and autophagy function, and reduced neuronal vulnerability to oxidative/metabolic insults and Aß toxicity. ß-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, autophagy, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling were required for the neuroprotective action of nicotinamide. Treatment of 3xTgAD mice with nicotinamide for 8 months resulted in improved cognitive performance, and reduced Aß and hyperphosphorylated tau pathologies in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Nicotinamide treatment preserved mitochondrial integrity, and improved autophagy-lysosome procession by enhancing lysosome/autolysosome acidification to reduce autophagosome accumulation. Treatment of 3xTgAD mice with nicotinamide resulted in elevated levels of activated neuroplasticity-related kinases (protein kinase B [Akt] and extracellular signal-regulated kinases) and the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) response element-binding protein in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Thus, nicotinamide suppresses AD pathology and cognitive decline in a mouse model of AD by a mechanism involving improved brain bioenergetics with preserved functionality of mitochondria and the autophagy system.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Niacinamida/uso terapêutico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Animais , Autofagia/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Transtornos Cognitivos/metabolismo , Transtornos Cognitivos/patologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Niacinamida/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos , Complexo Vitamínico B/farmacologia , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêutico
4.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg ; 73(5): 1138-44, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22976423

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mast cell activation plays a key role in the process of small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) injury; however, the precise role of tryptase released from mast cell on IIR injury remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the protective role against IIR injury by using tryptase inhibitor protamine after ischemia and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham-operated group (S), sole IIR group (IIR) in which rats were subjected to 75-minute superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 4-hour reperfusion, or IIR being respectively treated with mast cell stabilizer cromolyn sodium (CS group), with the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 (CP group), or with protamine (P group). The previously mentioned agents were, respectively, administered intravenously 5 minutes before reperfusion. The intestine tissue was obtained for histologic assessment and assays for protein expressions of tryptase and mast cell protease 7 and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2). The intestine mast cell number and levels of tumor necrosis factor κ and interleukin 8 were quantified. RESULTS: IIR resulted in intestinal injury evidenced as significant increases in Chiu's scores, accompanied with concomitant increases of mast cell counts and intestinal tryptase and mast cell protease 7 protein expressions. IIR also increased intestinal PAR-2 expressions, tumor necrosis factor κ, and interleukin 8 levels. Cromolyn sodium and protamine significantly reduced the responses to IIR injury while compound 48/80 further aggravated the previously mentioned biochemical changes. CONCLUSION: Tryptase releasing from mast cell activation participates in IIR injury through PAR-2, and inhibiting tryptase after ischemia provides promising benefits in limiting IIR injury.


Assuntos
Intestino Delgado/irrigação sanguínea , Isquemia/metabolismo , Protaminas/uso terapêutico , Receptor PAR-2/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Triptases/metabolismo , Animais , Cromolina Sódica/uso terapêutico , Isquemia/complicações , Isquemia/patologia , Masculino , Mastócitos/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Triptases/antagonistas & inibidores , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/uso terapêutico
5.
Integr Biol (Camb) ; 2(1): 58-64, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20473413

RESUMO

Regulation of intracellular pH (pH(i)) in neurons is crucial to maintain their physiological function. In the current study, newly-developed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices were used to independently investigate pH(i) regulation in neuronal soma and neurites. Embryonic cortical neurons were cultured in PDMS microfluidic devices with soma growing in one chamber (seeded) and neurites extending through a set of perpendicular microchannels into the opposite parallel chamber (non-seeded). Neurons in the microchambers were characterized by the vital dye calcein-red, polarized mitochondria, and expression of neuronal specific beta-tubulin (type-III), axonal Tau-1 protein, dendritic microtubule associated protein (MAP-2), and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1). Neurites exhibited higher resting pH(i) than soma (7.16 +/- 0.09 vs. 6.90 +/- 0.15). The neurites had a proton extrusion rate 3.7-fold faster than in soma following NH(4)Cl prepulse-mediated acidification (p < 0.05). The difference in the pH(i) regulation rates between neurites and soma can be accounted for by the larger surface area to volume ratio in the neurites. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of NHE-1 activity blocked the pH(i) regulation in soma and in neurites by approximately 70% (p < 0.05). Taken together, our study demonstrated that the microfluidic devices provide a useful tool to study neuronal pH(i) regulation in soma and their neurites. We conclude that NHE-1 plays an important role in regulation of pH(i) in both compartments.


Assuntos
DNA Glicosilases/metabolismo , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Neuritos/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/fisiologia , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Células Cultivadas , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ratos
6.
Se Pu ; 22(1): 54-6, 2004 Jan.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15712948

RESUMO

Beta-carotene was isolated from discarded tobacco leaves by column chromatography using petroleum ether as eluent. Its structure was characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. The purity of the beta-carotene was determined to be 98% by a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method which was demonstrated to be accurate and reproducible. Infra-red spectrum and melting point of the isolated sample were also characterized in agreement with those reported in literature. The overall yield of 80%, the high purity and the easiness to recycle as the results of only a single solvent employed, would make the method an important reference for future research of beta-carotene and a favorable technique for future development.


Assuntos
Nicotiana/química , beta Caroteno/análise , beta Caroteno/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Folhas de Planta/química , beta Caroteno/química
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