Effects of Oat ß-Glucan and Inulin on Alleviation of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Aggravated by Circadian Disruption in C57BL/6J Mice.

This was the first study that examined the effects of oat ß-glucan and inulin on diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in circadian-disrupted (CD)-male C57BL/6J mice. CD intensified NASH, significantly increasing alanine aminotransferase and upregulating hepatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and transforming growth factor ß 1 (TGFß1). However, these observations were significantly alleviated by oat ß-glucan and inulin treatments. Compared to CD NASH mice, oat ß-glucan significantly decreased the liver index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and insulin. In prebiotic-treated and CD NASH mice, significant negative correlations were found between enrichment of Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-036 (Harlan), Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-001 (NCI), and Bacteroides ovatus after oat ß-glucan supplementation with TNFα and TGFß1 levels; and enrichment of Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-110 (HZI) after inulin supplementation with AST level. In conclusion, oat ß-glucan and inulin exhibited similar antiliver injury, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities but had no effect on cecal short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota diversity in CD NASH mice.

The mycoestrogen zeranol at high dosage antagonizes transient receptor potential channel activities in 3T3 L1 cells.

Recent findings have revealed that exposure to environmental contaminants may result in obesity and pose a health threat to the general public. As the activity of transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) plays a permissive role in adipogenesis, the interactions between TRPs and some food pollutants, i.e. bisphenol A, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, zearalenone, and zeranol at 10 µM were investigated in the present study. TRP-V1,-V3, -C4 and -C6 are reported to be differentially expressed in the adipocyte differentiation, and immunoblotting was performed to quantify changes in these TRPs affected by the pollutants. Our result indicated that the mycoestrogen zeranol or α-zearalanol suppressed the expression of the V1 and C6 isoforms. Subsequently, confocal microscopy was used to measure the calcium inflow repressed by zeranol from 0.1 µM to 10 µM. Oil Red O staining was used to determine the differentiation of 3T3 L1 preadipocytes. Zeranol could suppress the expression of TRP-V1 and -C6 protein and inhibit the associated flow of calcium into the cytosol of 3T3 L1 cells. Its IC50 value for inhibiting calcium inflow stimulated by 40 µM capsaicin or 10 µM GSK1702934A was estimated to be around 6 µM. Reduced TRP-V1 or -C6 activity might result in promoting adipogenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that zeranol could potentiate fat cell differentiation through antagonizing TRP-V1 and -C6 activities.