Enhancing bone tissue engineering using iron nanoparticles and magnetic fields: A focus on cytomechanics and angiogenesis in the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane model.

AIM: To evaluate the potential of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) in conjunction with magnetic fields (MFs) to enhance osteoblast cytomechanics, promote cell homing, bone development activity, and antibacterial capabilities, and to assess their in vivo angiogenic viability using the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Experimental study conducted in a laboratory setting to investigate the effects of FeNPs and MFs on osteoblast cells and angiogenesis using a custom titanium (Ti) substrate coated with FeNPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A custom titanium (Ti) was coated with FeNPs. Evaluations were conducted to analyze the antibacterial properties, cell adhesion, durability, physical characteristics, and nanoparticle absorption associated with FeNPs. Cell physical characteristics were assessed using protein markers, and microscopy, CAM model, was used to quantify blood vessel formation and morphology to assess the FeNP-coated Ti's angiogenic potential. This in vivo study provided critical insights into tissue response and regenerative properties for biomedical applications. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests to compare experimental groups and controls. Significance was determined at P < 0.05. RESULTS: FeNPs and MFs notably improved osteoblast cell mechanical properties facilitated the growth and formation of new blood vessels and bone tissue and promoted cell migration to targeted sites. In the group treated with FeNPs and exposed to MFs, there was a significant increase in vessel percentage area (76.03%) compared to control groups (58.11%), along with enhanced mineralization and robust antibacterial effects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study highlights the promising potential of FeNPs in fostering the growth of new blood vessels, promoting the formation of bone tissue, and facilitating targeted cell migration. These findings underscore the importance of further investigating the mechanical traits of FeNPs, as they could significantly advance the development of effective bone tissue engineering techniques, ultimately enhancing clinical outcomes in the field.

Influence of chitosan and Cissus quandrangularis coating on osseointegration in titanium implants in rabbits: A preclinical in vivo study.

BACKGROUND: Titanium (Ti) implants has been criticized for the tiring wait for osseointegration, often making the patient reconsider implant treatment. Surface treated Ti implants are emerging as a promising solution with superior osseointegration, early loading protocols and shortened period of edentulousness. The aim of this study is to assess the osseointegration of Ti surface coated with novel Cissus quandrangularis Chitosan Hydrogel (CqChH) compared to Commercially pure (Cp) implants. METHODS: 24 Cp Ti implants were divided into 2 subgroups (n = 12). The test group consisted of Ti implants surface treated with the novel hydrogel and control group consisted of Cp Ti implants. 3 % CqChH was prepared and was coated on the Ti implants prior to placement in the femur and tibial heads of rabbits. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) was recorded at the 6th and 12th week. Animals were sacrificed and subjected to Removal Torque Quotient (RTQ). The samples were retrieved en bloc and stained for histopathologic analysis. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using Unpaired student t-Test. RESULTS: At the end of 6th week CqChH coated implants did not show any statistically significant difference in both ISQ and RTQ values compared to Cp ones. However, at the end of the 12th week CqChH coated implants demonstrated significantly higher ISQ (73.91 ± 4.39) and RTQ (75.96 ± 14.10) compared to Cp ones. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the novel hydrogel coating applied to the implant's surface exhibited not only enhanced bone regeneration but also elicited a new bone formation.

Do antihypertensive medications have an effect on dental implants? A systematic review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the clinical outcomes of dental implants in users of antihypertensive medication with those of nonusers. METHODS: This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the number CRD42022319336. The electronic databases Medline (PubMed) and Central Cochrane were searched for relevant scientific literature published in English through May 2022. The focused question was, "Do patients taking antihypertensive medications have a similar impact on the clinical outcome and survival of dental implants compared with nonusers?". RESULTS: A total of 49 articles were found, of which 3 articles were finally selected for a qualitative synthesis. The three studies included 959 patients. In all three studies, the commonly used medication was renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors. Two studies mentioned implant survival rate, which was 99.4% in antihypertensive medication users and 96.1% in the nonusers. One study found a higher implant stability quotient (ISQ) in patients taking antihypertensive medication (75.7 ± 5.9) compared with patients not taking antihypertensive medication (73.7 ± 8.1). CONCLUSIONS: The limited available evidence showed that patient taking antihypertensive medications had comparable success rate and implant stability to patients not taking medications. The studies included patients taking different antihypertensive medications, so a drug-specific conclusion regarding the clinical outcome of dental implants is not possible. Further studies are needed, including patients taking certain antihypertensive medications, to determine their effects on dental implants.

The effect of external magnetic field on osteogenic and antimicrobial behaviour of surface-functionalized custom titanium chamber with iron nanoparticles. A preliminary research.

PURPOSE: The controlled responsive characteristics of iron nanoparticles (FeNp) in magnetic fields make them an attractive prospect in this field. In the presence of a magnetic field, FeNp can significantly impact cell behaviour, leading to breakthroughs in nanotechnology. AIM/HYPOTHESIS: The aim is to determine the possible applications of iron nano particles (FeNp), and induced magnetic exposure role in osteoconduction and antibacterial activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The custom-grade IV titanium (Ti)hollow chamber is fabricated, surface treated with FeNp. Each titanium chamber contained neodymium, iron, and boron magnet disc, and the effect of FeNp on osteoblast-like cells (MG63) was evaluated in terms of cell attachment and survivability, morphological characteristics, particle absorption, and antibacterial properties. The effects of cellular uptake of FeNp and their responses to subcellular thrust were studied using fluorescent microscopy. MTT was used to determine cell viability, and von Kossa histochemical staining was used to determine matrix mineralization. RESULTS: In the magnetized Ti chambers group, osteogenic activity and mineralization were considerably greater than in the control groups (p 0.05). With a p value of 0.027, the S. aureus and E. coli were resistant to the antibacterial properties of the FeNp modified titanium custom Ti chamber (MIC: 0.03135 mg/mL and 0.02915 mg/mL, respectively). CONCLUSION: The one-of-a-kind, in vitro, conveniently modelled, limited sample study sheds light on the effect of surface-functionalized titanium custom Ti chamber with FeNp on MG63. The use of magnetized FeNp-surfaced implants for long-term strategic bone tissue engineering and bacteriostatic implants.

Identification of anterior loop in different populations to avoid nerve injury during surgical procedures-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Exact recognition of the anterior loop is very important to avert any injury to the neurovascular bundle during surgical procedures. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the prevalence and length of the anterior loop in different populations. A comprehensive search of Medline/Pubmed and Cochrane database was done. The focused question was the presence of anterior loop (including loop length) of the inferior alveolar nerve in mental foramen region in CBCT images of the various subjects. Articles related to the presence of anterior loop (including loop length) were only included. Initial literature search resulted in 3024 papers, after removing duplicate articles, 2821 articles were left. Two thousand seven hundred eighty-four articles were further excluded by the reviewers after screening the abstracts which resulted in 37 studies. Hand searching resulted in 2 additional papers. Seven full-text articles were excluded for not fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Finally, 32 articles were included in the review. Two thousand five hundred three subjects with anterior loop were found, which approximates 38% with 48.4% bilateral, 27.8% right side, and 23.8% left side. The loop distribution in males and females was also found to be different. There was highly significant (P < 0.001; I2 = 98.81%) heterogeneity found in the included studies. Variations were found in the prevalence, length, gender, and side distribution of anterior loop in various populations. This systematic review highly recommends not relying on any average values and the clinician should compulsorily make use of imaging modalities available in each and every case, wherever surgical procedure is to be performed near mental foramen region.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BMMSCs) Augment Osteointegration of Dental Implants in Type 1 Diabetic Rabbits: An X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation.

Background and objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) on implant-bone osseointegration in type I diabetic New Zealand rabbits. Materials and methods: BMMSCs harvested from healthy rabbits were processed and validated for purity and osteocyte differentiability. Mandibular incisors of diabetic and control rabbits were carefully extracted, and the sockets were plugged with collagen sponges. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing osteoinductive BMMSCs, and plain PRP were injected into the collagen sponge of the right and left sockets respectively. Dental implants of 2.6 mm diameter and 10 mm length were inserted into the collagen sponge of both sockets. All the animals were sacrificed six weeks post surgery to evaluate an early stage of osseointegration; the mandibles scanned by X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) and subjected to 3D analysis. The µCT parameters of the right implant were paired against that of the left side of each animal and analyzed by paired T-test. Results: The preclinical evaluation of the viability and osteocyte differentiation of the BMMSCs were consistent between both the donor samples. The osseointegration of dental implants with stem cell therapy (BMMSCs + PRP + collagen) in normal and diabetic rabbits was significantly higher than that of implants with adjunctive PRP + collagen only (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Stem Cell therapy with osteoinductive BMMSCs and PRP can offer a novel approach to enhance the osseointegration of dental implants in uncontrolled diabetic patients.

Cell Phone Radiation Effect on Bone-to-Implant Osseointegration: A Preliminary Histologic Evaluation in Rabbits.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The increased use of cell phones has raised many questions as to whether their use is safe for patients with dental implants. This study aimed to assess the consequences of cell phone-emitted radiation on bone-to-implant osseointegration during the healing phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve rabbits were grouped into three groups of four. Group 1 (control) was not exposed to electromagnetic radiation; group 2 (test) was exposed for 8 hours/day in speech mode and 16 hours/day in standby mode; and group 3 (test) was exposed for 24 hours continuously in standby mode for 3 months. Forty-eight implants were placed in tibia and femur bone of rabbits, and after 90 days the rabbits were sacrificed and bone surrounding the implant was retrieved. Histopathologic evaluations of the specimens were done using transmitted light microscope. The differences among the three groups were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparisons via Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Significantly less bone-to-implant contact and bone area surrounding implant threads were found in the test groups compared to the control group. There was a significant difference in regular bone formation (P < .001) among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Implants exposed to cell phone radiation showed more inflammatory reaction when compared to the nonexposed implants, thus indicating that cellular phone overuse could affect the maturation of bone and thus delay osseointegration.

An iris positioning device and centering approach: A technique.

For patients who have lost an eye as result of trauma or a carcinoma, accurate replacement with an ocular prosthesis that is symmetrical to the natural eye is essential. This report describes a technique for recording the measurement and position of the iris of the natural eye and accurately transferring it to the prosthetic eye of the patient. The technique is both straightforward and accurate.

Effect of Cell Phone Radiations on Orofacial Structures: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: The widespread use of cell phone in recent years has raised many questions whether their use is safe to operator who is exposed to Electromagnetic Waves (EMV). AIM: To find out the effect of cell phone emitted radiations on the orofacial structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify suitable literature, an electronic search was performed using Medline, Pubmed and EBSCO host database in December 2016. The search was focused on effect of cell phone on orofacial structures. Among the literature available in English, the screening of the related titles and abstracts was done, and only those articles were selected for full text reading that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The initial literature search resulted in 360 articles out of which only 24 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. CONCLUSION: Cell phone emitted radiations had their adverse effect on salivary glands and facial nerves. Studies showed that cell phone emitted radiations had effects on oral mucosal cells and causes changes in salivary flow rate. It was still unclear that cell phone radiations cause tumours of the salivary glands.

Magnet retained lip prosthesis in a geriatric patient.

Surgical resection of lips is a relatively rare procedure. A defective lip may cause the patient to feel socially vulnerable as well as functionally handicapped and the defect will influence the patient's self-esteem and body image. Patients with labial defects also experience speech problems along with drying and crusting of the tissues in the area of defect. The lip and cheek provide a valve mechanism for speech. Rehabilitation of patients with this type of surgery creates numerous challenges for both the surgical and the maxillofacial prosthetic teams. The goals of prosthetic treatment include regaining favorable speech and restoration of esthetics. This case report presents a 65-year-old woman who was referred for restoration of her lost lip. This case paper describes a quick and simple method of positioning magnets with lip prosthesis attached to maxillary denture and thus esthetics and speech of the patient is restored. Use of retention magnets simplify the clinical and laboratory phase retains the denture and makes it stable and comfortable for the patient. The advent of magnets has enhanced the dental practitioner's capabilities with a remarkably improved potential for increasing prosthesis stability and preserving tissue.

Osseointegrated dental implants in growing children: a literature review.

Edentulism is usually associated with the aging patient. However, total or partial tooth loss also affects young individuals, mainly as a result of trauma, decay, anodontia, or congenital and acquired jaw defects involving the alveolar processes. For elderly patients, the use of oral implants has become an accepted treatment modality for edentulism, and most of today's knowledge regarding implants is based on such practice. There has been hesitation to perform implant therapy for growing children; hence, few children to date have been provided with implant-supported construction. Consequently, little is known about the outcome of the osseointegration procedure in young patients, and until now, only a limited number of case presentations have been reported. This article reviews the current literature to discuss the use of dental implants in growing patients and the influence of maxillary and mandibular skeletal and dental growth on the stability of those implants. The literature review was performed through Science Direct, Wileys Blackwell Synergy, PubMed, Google, Embase, Medknow publications, and Springer for references published from 1963 to 2011. It is recommended to wait for the completion of dental and skeletal growth, except for severe cases of ectodermal dysplasia.

A fixed guide flange appliance for patients after a hemimandibulectomy.

Oral carcinoma destroys structures, including the maxilla and mandible, which often require surgical management and rehabilitation. Poor tissue support after mandibular reconstruction in patients with hemimandibular defects hinders the reconstruction of functional and stable mandibular guide flange prostheses. The fabrication and use of a fixed guide flange prosthesis for rehabilitating patients with hemimandibular defects is described. The device permitted the use of the same prosthesis for both the functional and mechanical correction of mandibular deviation and is indicated where the fabrication of other appliances is contraindicated because of the compromised oral and physical state of the patient.

A simple and practical approach to evaluate implant positioning immediately after placement.

With the use of the flapless technique in the placement of one-piece implants, determination of the angulation of implant placement becomes critically important. After the implant is placed, the cast is made, sectioned, and superimposed on the radiographic template to determine the angulation. This method will assist the clinician in determining the angulation of one-piece implants immediately after placement.