How Does the Level of Physical Activity Influence Eating Behavior? A Self-Determination Theory Approach.

Physical activity and diet are two predominant determinants of population health status that may influence each other. Physical activity has been identified as a behavior that may lead to a healthier diet and regulates eating behaviors. This research aimed to investigate how the level of physical activity is associated with the motivation related to eating behaviors and, consequently, the eating style individuals have on a daily basis. This was a cross-sectional study in which participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed the following variables: the level of physical activity, the motivation toward eating behavior, and the type of eating behavior. In total, 440 individuals (180 men and 260 women) who regularly exercised in gyms and fitness centers aged between 19 and 64 years (M = 33.84; SD = 10.09) took part in the study. The data were collected following the Declaration of Helsinki and with the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Polytechnic of Leiria. For the statistical analysis, mean and standard deviations were first calculated, as well as bivariate correlations between all the variables of interest. Then, structural equation model analyses were performed considering the levels of physical activity as the independent variable, motivations toward eating behavior as the mediators, and eating styles as the dependent variables. It was concluded that a greater level of physical activity leads to a more self-determined type of eating regulation, which in turn results in less constricted eating behaviors that are influenced by external factors and emotional factors.

Understanding the Associations across Fibromyalgia-Related Fatigue, Depression, Anxiety, Self-Esteem Satisfaction with Life and Physical Activity in Portuguese and Brazilian Patients: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Fibromyalgia are heterogeneous and differ from patient to patient; however, the most reported are general myalgia and at specific points associated with fatigue and certain psychological adversities. Physical activity can mitigate the effects of the symptoms. However, the associations between fibromyalgia-related fatigue, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, satisfaction with life and physical activity are unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to understand the associations between these symptoms and whether there are differences between these associations across two distinct cultures. Materials and Methods: A total of 473 women aged between 28 and 75 years (M = 49.27; SD ± 8.28) completed five questionnaires about fibromyalgia-related fatigue, physical activity, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life. Results: Fibromyalgia-related fatigue was positively associated with depression and anxiety, depression and anxiety were negatively associated with self-esteem, self-esteem was positively associated with satisfaction with life, satisfaction with life was positively associated with physical activity and there were no differences in terms of the perceptions and associations of these variables between Portuguese and Brazilian patients. Conclusions: Our results showed the significant role of associations between these variables and a similarity in the perception and relationship of the variables between the two cultures.

Effect of different types of exercise in adult subjects with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.

Exercise has been recommended for fibromyalgia treatment. However, doubts related to exercise benefits remain unclear. The objective of this study was to summarise, through a systematic review with meta-analysis, the available evidence on the effects of aerobic, resistance and stretching exercise on pain, depression, and quality of life. Search was performed using electronic databases Pubmed and Cochrane Library. Studies with interventions based on aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and stretching exercise published until July 2020 and updated in December 2021, were identified. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses involving adults with fibromyalgia were also included. Eighteen studies were selected, including a total of 1184 subjects. The effects were summarised using standardised mean differences (95% confidence intervals) by random effect models. In general, aerobic exercise seems to reduce pain perception, depression and improves quality of life; it also improves mental and physical health-related quality of life. Resistance exercise decreases pain perception and improves quality of life and moreover improves the physical dimension of health-related quality of life. It was also observed that resistance exercise appears to have a non-significant positive effect on depression and the mental dimension of health-related quality of life. Studies revealed that stretching exercise reduces the perception and additionally improves quality of life and health-related quality of life. However, a non-significant effect was observed on depression. We conclude that exercise may be a way to reduce depression, and pain and improve the quality of life in adult subjects with fibromyalgia and should be part of the treatment for this pathology.

Exploring the Relationship between Fibromyalgia-Related Fatigue, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life.

The symptoms of fibromyalgia are varied, including general muscle pain and pain at specific points (also called tender points), excessive fatigue, anxiety, depression, and some psychological problems that can have a negative impact on quality of life. Physical activity is a widely used option by health professionals to alleviate the effects of this syndrome. However, there is no clear information on the possible mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between fibromyalgia-related fatigue and quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between fibromyalgia-related fatigue and quality of life, and to investigate the mediating role of physical activity in patients with this syndrome. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 237 Portuguese women aged 28 to 75 years (M = 49.12; SD ± 8.87) and 117 Brazilian women aged 20 to 69 years (M = 46.72; SD ± 8.38) were recruited to participate in this study. These patients completed three valid and reliable questionnaires related to the assessment of fibromyalgia-related fatigue (MDF-Fibro-17), physical activity (IPAQ), and quality of life (SF-36). RESULTS: Both samples had scores above the midpoint for all dimensions of fibromyalgia-related fatigue and scores below the midpoint for quality of life. Physical activity had no mediating effect in either sample, as the total indirect effect was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity does not mediate the relationship between fatigue and quality of life. However, the results also show that the fatigue dimensions associated with fibromyalgia had a negative and significant association with physical and mental health indicators in both samples. Thus, patients with FM with higher scores on fatigue-related symptoms might suffer more from physical and mental health, both of which are related to quality of life.

O papel do divertimento e das determinantes motivacionais na persistência da prática de exercício físico / The role of enjoyment and motivational determinants in persistence in the practice of physical exercise

Resumo Como objetivo deste trabalho, definiu-se analisar os efeitos indiretos de determinantes motivacionais no divertimento e na persistência em praticantes de exercício físico regular. Participaram ao todo 967 praticantes de exercício em ginásio e health clubs, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 65 anos (M=45,08; DP=13,76). Todos os participantes tinham mais de 6 meses de experiência regular em exercício físico. Os participantes preencheram ao todo questionários traduzidos e validados para a língua portuguesa no contexto do exercício físico, que examinavam a perceção dos comportamentos interpessoais, as necessidades psicológicas básicas, a regulação da motivação e o divertimento. A persistência foi medida através de registos eletrónicos, considerando um praticante persistente aquele que tivesse uma frequência semanal similar aquela auto-reportada no momento inicial. A maioria das regressões são significativas, confirmado os pressupostos da literatura existente. Os efeitos indiretos mostram que o divertimento desempenha um papel crucial na persistência, tanto por via motivação autónoma, como por via motivação controlada. Em suma, atividades promotoras do prazer que os praticantes de ginásio e health club experienciam durante a prática de exercício físico poderão ser a variável chave na persistência a longo prazo.

Abstract The scope of this paper was to analyze the impact of motivational determinants in enjoyment and persistence in physical exercise among practitioners of physical exercise. In total, 967 gym and health club exercise practitioners aged between 18 and 65 (M=45.08; SD=13.76) were recruited for analysis. All participants had more than six months of regular exercise practice. Participants completed and validated scales in the exercise context duly translated into Portuguese, assessing interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs, and behavioral regulation. Persistence was measured using computerized records considering persistent exercisers as being those who were exercising at similar frequencies as those self-reported at the initial assessment. Results showed that the measurement and structural model fit the data. Several significant effects were found supporting previous literature. Indirect effects showed enjoyment to play a crucial role on exercise persistence, both by the significant effect via autonomous and controlled motivation. In essence, activities that give pleasure that gym and health club exercisers experience during the practice of physical exercise can be the key variable of long-term persistence.

Differences between Portuguese and Brazilian Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Exploring the Associations across Age, Time of Diagnosis, and Fatigue-Related Symptoms.

Background and Objectives: The current literature demonstrates that different cultures have different perceptions of the symptoms of Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM). The aim of the study was to explore the differences between Brazilian and Portuguese patients with FM in their fatigue experience and to measure the differences in the perception of fatigue according to age and duration of diagnosis. Materials and Methods: In total, 209 Portuguese women aged between 21 and 75 years old (M = 47.44; SD = 10.73) and 429 Brazilian women aged between 18 and 77 years old (M = 46.51; SD = 9.24) were recruited to participate in the present study. Participants filled out the items in the Multidimensional Daily Fatigue-Fibromyalgia-17 Diary (MDF-Fibro-17), a specific tool to measure the level of five components of FM-related fatigue. Results: The results showed a greater perception of all of the components of fatigue in the Brazilian sample. No significant differences were found related to the age and duration of FM diagnosis. Conclusions: Overall, there are significant differences in fatigue symptoms between Portuguese and Brazilian women with FM, suggesting that cultural and geographical differences should be considered when describing fatigue-related symptoms in women with FM.

The Multidimensional Daily Diary of Fatigue-Fibromyalgia-17 Items (MDF-Fibro-17): Evidence from Validity, Reliability and Transcultural Invariance between Portugal and Brazil.

The Multidimensional Daily Diary of Fatigue-Fibromyalgia-17 (MDF-fibro-17) is an instrument that measures the different components of fibromyalgia-related fatigue symptoms. The current study aims to examine the factor structure of the MDF-fibro-17 in a sample of Portuguese and Brazilian patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Additionally, a cross-cultural analysis was carried out on these samples to understand the multidimensional complexity of examining the different dimensions of fatigue in patients with different cultural backgrounds and how fibromyalgia impacts patients with this syndrome. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the psychometric properties of the measure. Additionally, a multigroup analysis was carried out on the samples of these two cultures to examine measurement invariance. In total, 209 Portuguese women aged between 21 and 75 years (M = 47.44; SD = 10.73) and 429 Brazilians women aged between 16 and 77 years (M = 46.51; SD = 9.24) participated in this study. The results revealed that the measurement model provided an acceptable fit to the data in both the Portuguese and Brazilian samples, also displaying acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, the model showed acceptable internal consistency and was invariant between cultures. In sum, the MDF-fibro-17 is a valid measure that offers a unique assessment of fatigue symptoms in Portuguese and Brazilian women with fibromyalgia.

The retinoid X receptor: a nuclear receptor that modulates the sleep-wake cycle in rats.

RATIONALE: The nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor (RXR) belongs to a nuclear receptor superfamily that modulates diverse functions via homodimerization with itself or several other nuclear receptors, including PPARα. While the activation of PPARα by natural or synthetic agonists regulates the sleep-wake cycle, the role of RXR in the sleep modulation is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of bexarotene (Bexa, a RXR agonist) or UVI 3003 (UVI, a RXR antagonist) on sleep, sleep homeostasis, levels of neurochemical related to sleep modulation, and c-Fos and NeuN expression. METHODS: The sleep-wake cycle and sleep homeostasis were analyzed after application of Bexa or UVI. Moreover, we also evaluated whether Bexa or UVI could induce effects on dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine epinephrine, adenosine, and acetylcholine contents, collected from either the nucleus accumbens or basal forebrain. In addition, c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus was determined after Bexa or UVI treatments. RESULTS: Systemic application of Bexa (1 mM, i.p.) attenuated slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, Bexa increased the levels of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine epinephrine, adenosine, and acetylcholine sampled from either the nucleus accumbens or basal forebrain. Moreover, Bexa blocked the sleep rebound period after total sleep deprivation, increased in the hypothalamus the expression of c-Fos, and decreased NeuN activity. Remarkably, UVI 3003 (1 mM, i.p.) induced opposite effects in sleep, sleep homeostasis, neurochemicals levels, and c-Fos and NeuN activity. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of RXR agonist or antagonist significantly impaired the sleep-wake cycle and exerted effects on the levels of neurochemicals related to sleep modulation. Moreover, Bexa or UVI administration significantly affected c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus. Our findings highlight the neurobiological role of RXR on sleep modulation.

Physical exercise and geriatric depression: an opinion / Atividade física e depressão geriátrica: uma opinião / Actividad física y depresión geriátrica: una opinión

Depression represents a common public health problem in the world. Depression in the elderly appears to follow a vulnerability-stress model, with an interaction between individual vulnerabilities, including genetic factors, age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes, and a variety of stressful events that occur more frequently in advanced ages, such as grief, financial problems, and reduction in autonomy/functionality. In the last decades, several studies have indicated that exercise can be effective in preventing or reducing depressive symptoms, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Due to the scientific community's interest in the efficacy and safety of physical exercise as complementary therapy for depressed elderly patients, we conduct an opinion study on the subject. Despite the researchers' efforts, in the last decades little progress has been made in verifying the efficacy of exercise in geriatric depression.

A depressão representa um problema comum de saúde pública no mundo. A depressão em idosos parece seguir um modelo de vulnerabilidade-estresse, com uma interação entre vulnerabilidades individuais, incluindo fatores genéticos, mudanças cognitivas e neurobiológicas relacionadas à idade, e uma variedade de eventos estressantes que ocorrem mais frequentemente em idades avançadas, como luto, problemas financeiros e redução da autonomia/funcionalidade. Nas últimas décadas, vários estudos indicaram que o exercício pode ser eficaz na prevenção ou redução dos sintomas depressivos, tanto em populações saudáveis como psiquiátricas. Devido ao interesse da comunidade científica na eficácia e segurança do exercício físico como terapia complementar para idosos deprimidos; realizamos um estudo de opinião sobre o assunto. Apesar dos esforços dos pesquisadores, nas últimas décadas pouco progresso foi feito na verificação da eficácia do exercício na depressão geriátrica.

La depresión representa un problema común de salud pública en el mundo. La depresión en los ancianos parece seguir un modelo de vulnerabilidad-estrés, con una interacción entre las vulnerabilidades individuales, incluidos factores genéticos, cambios cognitivos y neurobiológicos relacionados con la edad, y una variedad de eventos estresantes que ocurren con mayor frecuencia en edades avanzadas, como el duelo, problemas financieros y reducción de la autonomía/funcionalidad. En las últimas décadas, varios estudios han indicado que el ejercicio puede ser eficaz para prevenir o reducir los síntomas depresivos, tanto en poblaciones sanas como psiquiátricas. Debido al interés de la comunidad científica en la eficacia y seguridad del ejercicio físico como terapia complementaria para pacientes ancianos deprimidos, realizamos un estudio de opinión sobre el tema. A pesar de los esfuerzos de los investigadores, en las últimas décadas se ha avanzado poco en la verificación de la eficacia del ejercicio en la depresión geriátrica.

Perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de salud Pública, ubicados en Cuscatlán, La Paz, San Miguel y Morazán, en el año 2019 / Epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in public health facilities, located in Cuscatlán, La Paz, San Miguel and Morazán, in 2019

Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de salud pública, ubicados en Cuscatlán, La Paz, San Miguel y Morazán en el año 2019. Metodología: El estudio posee una muestra de 252 órganos dentales extraídos en las Unidad Comunitaria de Salud Familiar (UCSF) donde se realizó el servicio social, la investigación es de tipo observacional, descriptiva y transversal; la recolección de datos se realizó en el periodo de abril a septiembre del 2019; se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 25 para el vaciado, análisis e interpretación de resultados. Resultados: La mayoría de donadores fueron del sexo femenino (63.68%); las personas más afectadas fueron del área rural (79.25%); el rango de edad más frecuente fue entre los 21 y 30 años de edad (26.89%); la enfermedad que más prevalece en los pacientes es la hipertensión arterial (16.04%); el hábito deletéreo más frecuente fue tabaquismo (3.30%); la enfermedad oral con mayor frecuencia fue caries dental (95.51%); se obtuvo un nivel regular de higiene bucal en 147 pacientes (69.34%). Conclusiones: La principal causa de extracción fue caries dental y secuelas, el órgano dental con mayor número de extracción fue el diente 3-6, según características morfológicas de la corona y raíz del diente extraído se presentó caries cavitada y raíz completa sucesivamente.

To Determine the epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in public health facilities, located in Cuscatlán, La Paz, San Miguel and Morazán in 2019. Methodology: The study has a sample of 252 extracted dental organ in the Community Unit of Family Health (UCSF) where the social service was performed, the research is observational, descriptive and transversal; the data collection was done in the period from April to September 2019; The SPSS program version 25 was used for the emptying, analysis and interpretation of results. Results: Most of the donors were female (63.68%); the most affected people were from the rural areas (79.25%); the most frequent age range was between 21 and 30, (26.89%); the most prevalent disease in patients was arterial hypertension (16.04%); the most frequent deleterious habit was smoking (3.30%); the most frequent oral disease was dental caries (95.51%); a regular level of oral hygiene was obtained in 147 patients (69.34%). Conclusions: The main cause of extraction was dental caries and sequelae, the dental organ with the highest number of extraction was tooth 3-6, according to morphological characteristics of the crown and root of the extracted tooth there was cavitated caries and complete root successively.

Sleep and Neurochemical Modulation by DZNep and GSK-J1: Potential Link With Histone Methylation Status.

Histone methylation/demethylation plays an important modulatory role in chromatin restructuring, RNA transcription and is essential for controlling a plethora of biological processes. Due to many human diseases have been related to histone methylation/demethylation, several compounds such as 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) or 3-((6-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-3(2H)-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoic acid; N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)-6-(1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3H-3-benzazepin-3-yl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-ß-Alanine (GSK-J1), have been designed to inhibit histone methylase or suppress histone demethylase, respectively. In the present study, we investigated the effects on the sleep-wake cycle and sleep-related neurochemical levels after systemic injections of DZNep or GSK-J1 given during the light or dark phase in rats. DZNep dose-dependently (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) prolonged wakefulness (W) duration while decreased slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) time spent during the lights-on period with no changes observed in dark phase. In opposite direction, GSK-J1 (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) injected at the beginning of the lights-on period induced no statistical changes in W, SWS, or REMS whereas if administered at darkness, we found a diminution in W and an enhancement in SWS and REMS. Finally, brain microdialysis experiments in freely moving animals were used to evaluate the effects of DZNep or GSK-J1 treatments on contents of sleep-related neurochemicals. The results showed that DZNep boosted extracellular levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, adenosine, and acetylcholine if injected at the beginning of the lights-on period whereas GSK-J1 exerted similar outcomes but when administered at darkness. In summary, DZNep and GSK-J1 may control the sleep-wake cycle and sleep-related neurochemicals through histone methylation/demethylation activity.

Translation and adaptation of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) in a sample of Portuguese athletes, invariance across genders nature sports and swimming / Tradução e adaptação do physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) numa amostra de atletas portuguesas, invariância entre géneros, desporto de natureza e natação

Abstract The aim of this study was to translate and validate of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) from Mullen et al. version in Portuguese athletes, invariance across genders and nature sports and swimming, as well as, external validity, through the Portuguese version of BRSQ.Athletes (n=1032; 273 nature sports, 759 swimming) with an average age of 18,95 ± 6,59 years participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis (maximum likelihood), multigroup analysis (measurement invariance) and correlation analysis were used for data analyzed. Results supported the suitability of the models (one factor which eight items) showing an adequate fit to the data in each sample (general:χ2=181,96, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,04, NNFI=0,94, CFI=0,96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,08; male:χ2=113,27, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,04, NNFI=0,95, CFI=0,97, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,08; female: χ2=67,59, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,03, NNFI=0,94, CFI=0,96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,09; nature sports: χ2=42,32, p=0,02, df=20, SRMR=0,037, NNFI=0,96, CFI=0,98, RMSEA=0,06, RMSEA 90% IC=0,04-0,08; swimming: χ2=130,14, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,04, NNFI=0,94, CFI=0,96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,08), as well as, were invariant across genders and nature sports and swimming (∆CFI<0,01). Enjoyment was, on the one hand, found to be positively and significantly correlated with identified regulation (r=0,82), integrated regulation (r=0,62) and intrinsic motivation (r=0,90). On the other, it was negatively and significantly correlated with amotivation (r=-0,25) and external and introjected regulation (r=-0,42; -0,38), respectively. Those findings allow concluding that PACES can be used to measure enjoyment in the future studies, thus filling an existing gap to date.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi a tradução e validação do Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, a partir da versão de Mullen et al., numa amostra de atletas portugueses e a invariância entre gêneros, desportos de natureza e natação, bem como, comprovar critérios de validade externa através da versão portuguesa do BRSQ. Participaram neste estudo 1032 atletas (273 desporto natureza; 759 natação), com uma média de 18,95 ± 6,59 anos de idade. Os dados foram analisados através de análise fatorial confirmatória (método da máxima verosimilhança), análise multigupos (invariância entre grupos) e análise correlacional. Os resultados suportam a adequação dos modelos (1 fator, oito itens), para cada uma das amostras (geral. χ2=181,96, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,04, NNFI=0,94, CFI=0,96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,08; masculino: x2=113,27, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,035,NNFI=0,95, CFI=0,97, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90%IC=0,06-0,08;feminino: χ2=67,59,p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,03,NNFI=0,94, CFI=0,96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA90% IC=0,06-0,09; desporto de natureza: χ2=42,32, p=0,02, df=20, SRMR=0,037, NNFI=0,96, CFI=0,98, RMSEA=0,06, RMSEA90%IC=0,04-0,08; natação:χ2=130,14,p=<0,001, df=20, SRMR=0,04, NNFI=0,943, CFI=0,.96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,08), bem como, revelou ser invariante em função dos gêneros e das modalidades (∆CFI<0,01). O divertimento correlacionou-se positivamente com regulação identificada (r=0,82), regulação integrada (r=0,62) e motivação intrínseca (r=0,90), e negativamente com a amotivação (r=-0,25), regulação externa (r=-0,42) e regulação introjetada (r=-0,38). Estes resultados permitem-nos afirmar que a tradução e adaptação do PACES, pode ser utilizada com elevado grau de validade e fiabilidade na avaliação do divertimento em futuros estudos, suprimindo uma lacuna existente.

Validation of the Subjective Vitality Scale and study of the vitality of elderly people according to their physical activity / Validação da Subjective Vitality Scale e estudo da vitalidade nos idosos em função da sua atividade física

Abstract The main aim of the study was to validate the Portuguese version of the Subjective Vitality Scale - SVS for the Portuguese elderly population through of confirmatory factorial analysis. The existence of differences in the perception of subjective vitality among sufficiently active and insufficiently active older adults was also analyzed. A total of 309 Portuguese elderly (242 females, 67 males) aged 60-90 years (M = 68.59, SD = 6.60) participated in this study. Of the total sample, 256 are sufficiently active, while 53 are insufficiently active. The results show that the model was adjusted to data in a satisfactory way (χ2 = 28.95; df = 9; CFI = .97; TLI = .94; SRMR = .04; RMSEA = .08; RMSEA 90% CI = .05 - .12), and show a concurrent validity with the Portuguese version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The data obtained allow us concluding that the Portuguese version of the Subjective Vitality Scale can be used as a measure of subjective vitality in the Portuguese elderly population. It was also verified that the subjective perception of vitality is greater among individuals sufficiently active compared with their peers that do not reach the amount of practice of recommended physical activity.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi validar a versão portuguesa da Subjetive Vitality Scale - SVS para a população idosa portuguesa com recurso a uma análise fatorial confirmatória. Foi ainda analisada a existência de diferenças na perceção de vitalidade subjetiva entre idosos suficientemente ativos e insuficientemente ativos. Participaram neste estudo 309 idosos (242 sexo feminino, 67 sexo masculino) de nacionalidade portuguesa, com idades compreendidas entre os 60 e os 90 anos (M= 68.59; DP = 6.60). Do total da amostra, 256 são suficientemente ativos e 53 são insuficientemente ativos. Os resultados alcançados revelam que o modelo apresenta valores satisfatórios de ajustamento aos dados (χ2 = 28.95; df = 9; CFI = .97; TLI = .94; SRMR = .04; RMSEA = .08; RMSEA 90% CI = .05 - .12). Foi, também, obtida validade concorrente com a versão portuguesa da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Os dados obtidos permitem concluir que a versão portuguesa da SVS pode ser utilizada como medida de avaliação de vitalidade subjetiva na população idosa portuguesa. Verificou-se ainda, que a percepção subjetiva de vitalidade é maior entre os idosos suficientemente ativos comparados com seus pares que não atingem a quantidade de prática de atividade física recomendada.

Teledermatología: experiencia en un centro de salud familiar urbano chileno / Teledermatology: experience in a chilean urban Family Health Center

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los problemas dermatológicos son un importante motivo de consulta en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Existe una extensa lista de espera para la evaluación especializada. La teledermatología (TD) se implementó para soslayar esta situación. OBJETIVOS: Describir atenciones de TD y determinar concordancia diagnóstica inter observador entre médico general de APS y dermatólogo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, de concordancia inter observador. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: pertenencia del usuario al registro del Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) "Jean y Marie Thierry" de Valparaíso y registro en el programa de TD. Se excluyeron atenciones de control. La población considerada corresponde a todas las atenciones realizadas entre marzo de 2014 a julio de 2015. Las variables cuantitativas fueron descritas con media y desviación estándar; las variables cualitativas con frecuencia y porcentajes. Se determinó concordancia con el test Kappa. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor p menor a 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 147 atenciones: 84 (57%) se realizaron a usuarios de sexo femenino. Los usuarios presentaron una media de edad de 46 años (desviación estándar de 25 años). En 112 atenciones (76%) no fue necesaria la evaluación presencial por especialista. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes en APS fueron acné, psoriasis y rosácea; a través de TD fueron psoriasis y acné. Se obtuvo un coeficiente Kappa de 0,65 (IC 95% 0,6-0,67) con valor p<0,05. DISCUSIÓN: Existen pocos trabajos similares en Chile. Los resultados son similares a otros trabajos. En el contexto descrito resulta conveniente la baja proporción de usuarios que requirieron evaluación especializada

Motivational climate, goal orientation and exercise adherence in fitness centers and personal training contexts / Clima motivacional, orientação para a meta e exercício adesão em academias de ginástica e contextos de formação pessoal / Clima motivacional, la orientación de meta y la adherencia al ejercicio en gimnasios y contextos de entrenamiento personal

This study was conducted to analyze the relationships hypothesized by the Achievement Goal Theory in predicting adherence to exercise. The study participants were 405 individuals exercising in fitness centers with a mean age of 35 years (SD = 17) and 183 individuals exercising with personal trainers with a mean age of 43 years (SD = 16), that answered the Portuguese versions of the Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure and Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire. The hypothesized structural equation model showed that the mastery motivational climate had a positive impact on task orientation goals, which in turn had a positive impact on exercise adherence. However, performance motivational climate had a positive impact on ego orientation goals, which in turn had a negative impact on exercise adherence...

"Clima motivacional, orientação para a meta e exercício adesão em academias de ginástica e contextos de formação pessoal." Este estudo analisou as relações hipotetizadas pela Teoria dos Objetivos de Realização na predição da adesão ao exercício. Participaram neste estudo 405 praticantes de academia (240 femininos, 165 masculinos), com uma média de idades de 35 anos (DP = 17) e 183 de personal training (142 femininos, 41 masculinos), com uma média de idades de 43 anos (DP = 16), que responderam às versões Portuguesas do Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure e Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire. O modelo de equações estruturais demonstra que o clima motivacional para a mestria teve um impacto positivo sobre a orientação dos objetivos para a tarefa, que por sua vez teve um impacto positivo sobre a adesão ao exercício. Por outro lado, o clima motivacional para a performance teve um impacto positivo sobre a orientação dos objetivos para o ego, que por sua vez teve um impacto negativo sobre a adesão ao exercício...

"Clima motivacional, la orientación de meta y la adherencia al ejercicio en gimnasios y contextos de entrenamiento personal." Este estudio analizó las relaciones hipotetizadas por la Teoría de los Objetivos de Realización en la predicción de la adhesión al ejercicio. En este estudio participaron 405 practicantes de academia (240 femeninos, 165 masculinos), con una edad media de 35 años (DP = 17) y 183 de personal training (142 femeninos, 41 masculinos), con una edad media de 43 años (DP = 16), que respondieron a las versiones portuguesas de Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure y Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales demuestra que el clima motivacional para la maestría tuvo un impacto positivo sobre la orientación de los objetivos para la tarea que, a su vez, tuvo un impacto positivo sobre la adhesión al ejercicio. Por otro lado, el clima motivacional para la performance tuvo un impacto positivo sobre la orientación de los objetivos para el ego que, a su vez, tuvo un impacto negativo sobre la adhesión al ejercicio....

Traducción y validación de la Subjective Vitality Scale en una muestra de practicantes de ejercicio portugueses / Translation and Validation of the Subjective Vitality Scale in a Portuguese Sample of Exercise Participants

El concepto de vitalidad subjetiva se refiere a la sensación de estar "vivo" y "alerta"; es decir, de tener energía disponible para sí mismo, reflejando una experiencia psicológica de entusiasmo e inspiración. El propósito de esta investigación fue traducir y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión Portuguesa de la Subjective Vitality Scale, en una muestra de 935 practicantes de ejercicio, ambos hombres (344) y mujeres (591). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio confirmaron la estructura unifactorial de la escala (S-B χ² = 34.93; p = .000; χ²/gl = 3.88; NNFI = .961; CFI = .970; RMSEA = .074 con 90% CI = .049 - .101). Asimismo, se obtuvieron resultados que evidenciaron validez concurrente con las versiones portuguesas de la Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale y de la Satisfaction with Life Scale. Del mismo modo, se documentan evidencias de fiabilidad, analizada como consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. Los resultados apoyan preliminarmente el uso de la versión portuguesa de la Subjective Vitality Scale en el contexto del ejercicio.

The concept of subjective vitality refers to the state of feeling alive and alert; to have energy available to oneself. The aim of the present study was to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Subjective Vitality Scale in a sample of 935 exercisers, both men (344) and women (591). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good adjustment of the original factorial model (S-B χ² = 34.93; p = .000; χ²/gl = 3.88; NNFI = .961; CFI = .970; RMSEA = .074 con 90% CI =.049-.101). Also, concurrent validity was obtained through the application of the Portuguese versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. In the same way, reliability of the scale throughout the analysis of internal and temporary consistency was also demonstrated. The present findings support the use of the Portuguese version of the Subjective Vitality Scale to assess vitality among Portuguese exercisers.

Tradução e validação da adaptação para o exercício do Perceived Motivational Climate Sport Questionnaire / Translation and validation of the exercise adaptation of the Perceived Motivational Climate Sport Questionnaire

O objetivo principal do estudo é a tradução e validação da versão portuguesa da adaptação ao exercício do Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ), com recurso à análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC), realizadas com dois grupos independentes de praticantes de exercício em ginásios, de ambos os géneros e com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 64 anos. Na AFE os resultados revelam uma estrutura que explica 52% da variância dos resultados, pesos fatoriais entre 0.63 e 0.80, e uma boa consistência interna (αMestria=0.78; αPerformance=0.74). Na AFC os resultados indicam um excelente ajustamento do modelo: S-Bχ²=40.6; df=34; p=0.20; S-Bχ²/df=1.19; SRMR=0.03; NNFI=0.98; CFI=0.99; RMSEA=0.02; 90% IC RMSEA=0.00-0.05, uma consistência interna razoável (αMestria=0.74; αPerformance=0.75), e pesos fatoriais entre 0.50 e 0.79, o que nos leva a concluir que a versão Portuguesa da adaptação do PMCSQ ao exercício pode ser utilizada na avaliação do clima motivacional no exercício.

The main purpose of this study is to present the results of translation and validation of the Portuguese version of Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ) adaptation to exercise, through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis, performed with two independent groups of participants, all exercisers in private fitness clubs, of both sexes, and aged between 14 and 64 years old. The EFA results reveal a structure explaining 52% of total variance, with factor loadings ranged from 0.63 to 0.80, and reasonable reliability (αMastery=0.78; αPerformance=0.74). The AFC results showed an excellent model fit to data: S-Bχ²=40.6; df=34; p=0.20; S-Bχ²/df=1.19; SRMR=0.03; NNFI=0.98; CFI=0.99; RMSEA=0.02; 90% IC RMSEA=0.00-0.05, an acceptable reliability (αMastery=0.74; αPerformance=0.75), and factor loadings ranged from 0.50 to 0.79, which leads us to conclude that Portuguese version of PMCSQ adaptation to exercise can be used to measure motivational climate in exercise.

Tradução e validação do Perceived Autonomy Support: exercise climate questionnaire numa amostra de praticantes de exercício portugueses / Translation and validation of the Perceived Autonomy Support: exercise climate questionnaire in a sample of portuguese exercisers

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de traduzir e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Perceived Autonomy Support Exercise Climate Questionnaire, para avaliar a perceção do suporte de autonomia dado pelo professor de fitness, em linha com a teoria da autodeterminação. Para este propósito, recorreu-se a uma amostra de 935 praticantes de exercício, masculinos (N = 344) e femininos (N = 591), pertencentes a 16 academias da zona de Lisboa e litoral oeste de Portugal. As análises efetuadas revelaram que a versão traduzida possuía uma adequada validade interna, validade temporal, validade de construto e validade preditiva, dando sustentação à sua utilização em praticantes de exercício Portugueses...

The aim of the present study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perceived Autonomy Support: Exercise Climate Questionnaire that measures the autonomy support given by fitness instructors in accordance with the self-determination theory. In order to fulfill such purpose, it was collected a sample of 935 fitness exercisers, male (N = 344) and female (N = 591) in 16 different Health Centers in the area of Lisbon and west coast of Portugal. The analysis performed revealed that the translated version had an adequate internal, temporal, construct and predictive validity, supporting its use with Portuguese exercisers...

Tradução e validação da versão portuguesa da Goal Orientation in Exercise Scale (GOESp) / Translation and validation of the portuguese version of Goal Orientation in Exercise Scale (GOESp)

O objectivo deste estudo é a apresentação dos resultados da tradução e validação da versão Portuguesa da Goal Orientation in Exercise Scale (GOES), com recurso à análise factorial exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC), realizadas com dois grupos de praticantes de exercício em ginásios, de ambos os géneros e com idades entre os 15 e os 61 anos. Os resultados da AFE revelam uma estrutura factorial que explica 61% da variância dos resultados, pesos factoriais entre 0,63 e 0,86, e uma boa consistência interna (αEgo=0,91; αTarefa=0,74). No entanto, os resultados da AFC indicam que o modelo não se ajustou aos dados: S-Bχ²=154,59; gl=34; p=0,000; S-Bχ²/gl=4,55; SRMR=0,06; NNFI=0,87; CFI=0,90; RMSEA=0,10; 90% IC RMSEA=0,09-0,12, e só apresentou índices aceitáveis de ajustamento após a sua re-especificação, que conduziu à eliminação de um item. Assim, aconselha-se alguma prudência na sua utilização, e a realização de mais estudos sobre a sua validade.

The purpose of this study is to present the results of the translation and validation of the Portuguese version of Goal Orientation in Exercise Scale (GOES) through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. The study was conducted with two groups of participants who exercise in fitness centers, both sexes, and aged between 15 and 61 years old. The EFA results reveal a factorial structure which explains 61% of results variance, with item factor loadings ranging from .63 to .86 and reasonable reliability (αEgo=.91; αTask=.74). However, the CFA results showed an inadequate model fit: S-Bχ²=154.59; df=34; p=.000; S-Bχ²/df=4.55; SRMR=.06; NNFI=.87; CFI=.90; RMSEA=.10; 90% IC RMSEA=.09-.12, and only presented acceptable fit after its respecification, which leads to an item elimination. Thus, we suggest some caution in its utilization and more research is required to clearly assess its validity.

Glutamate regulates eEF1A phosphorylation and ribosomal transit time in Bergmann glial cells.

Glutamate, the major excitatory transmitter in the vertebrate brain, is involved in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Glutamatergic stimulation leads to differential gene expression patterns in neuronal and glial cells. A glutamate-dependent transcriptional control has been established for several genes. However, much less is known about the molecular events that modify the translational machinery upon exposure to this neurotransmitter. In a glial model of cerebellar cultured Bergmann cells, glutamate induces a biphasic effect on [(35)S]-methionine incorporation into proteins that suggests that the elongation phase of protein biosynthesis is the target for regulation. Indeed, after a 15 min exposure to glutamate a transient increase in elongation factor 2 phosphorylation has been reported, an effect mediated through the activation of the elongation factor 2 kinase. In this contribution, we sought to characterize the phosphorylation status of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) and the ribosomal transit time under glutamate exposure. A dose-dependent increase in eEF1A phosphorylation was found after a 60 min glutamate treatment; this phenomenon is Ca(2+)/CaM dependent, blocked with Src and phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase inhibitors and with rapamicyn. Concomitantly, the ribosomal transit time was increased with a 15 min glutamate exposure. After 60 more minutes, the average time used by the ribosomes to complete a polypeptide chain had almost returned to its initial level. These results strongly suggest that glutamate exerts an exquisite time-dependent translational control in glial cells, a process that might be critical for glia-neuron interactions.