Tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo primario mediante abordaje mínimamente invasivo / Treatment of the primary hiperparatiroidism by minimally invasive boarding

The unilateral boarding of the primary hiperparatiroidism constitutes a technical option increasingly secondhand and adapted for the characteristics of this surgery. This type of boarding has been possible for the appearance of the Tc sestamibi, of the subspecialization of the surgery and of the determination of the PTH intraoperatory. Later we expose an epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study from january 2004 to December 2008. During this time there were controlled in the hospital Ramon and Cajal of Madrid a total of 195 patients for primary hiperparatiroidism. Of them, 140 were submitted to unilateral exploration by suspicion of the solitary adenoma. The correlation between the findings of Tc sestamibi and surgical was correct in all the cases (139) except one concerns to right or left side. It failed in 30 cases in which there was detected badly the top and low location. As for the results the adenoma was extirpated correctly in 135 of 140 patients. This way we can say that the combination of the gammagraphy, a surgeon with experience and the support of the PTH intraoperatory they meet a high rate of treatment in case of adenomas in the unilateral boarding on a rate of hipercalcemia appellant or persistently between 3 percent-5 percent, rate similar to the obtained one for expert surgeons on having fulfilled an exploratory cervicotomy (considered "gold standard") but with minor postoperatory morbidity, minor pain and minor surgical time.

El abordaje unilateral del hiperparatiroidismo primario constituye una opción técnica cada vez más usada y apropiada debido a las características de esta cirugía. Este tipo de abordaje ha sido posible por la aparición del Tc sestamibi, de la subespecialización de la cirugía y de la determinación de la PTH intraoperatoria. A continuación exponemos un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo y retrospectivo desde enero de 2004 a diciembre de 2008. Durante este tiempo fueron intervenidos en el hospital Ramón y Cajal de Madrid un total de 195 enfermos por hiperparatiroidismo primario. De ellos, 140 fueron sometidos a exploración unilateral por sospecha de adenoma único. La correlación entre los hallazgos gammagráficos y quirúrgicos fue correcta en todos los casos (139) menos uno en cuanto a lo que a lateralidad se refiere. Falló en 30 casos en los que se detectó mal la localización superior e inferior. En cuanto a los resultados, se extirpó el adenoma correctamente en 135 de los 140 pacientes. Así podemos decir que la combinación de la gammagrafía, de un cirujano con experiencia y el apoyo de la PTH intraoperatoria proporciona una elevada tasa de curación en el caso de adenomas paratiroideos en el abordaje unilateral con una tasa de hipercalcemia recurrente o persistente entre el 3 por ciento-5 por ciento, tasa similar a la obtenida por cirujanos expertos al realizar una cervicotomía exploradora (considerada gold standard) pero con menor morbilidad postoperatoria, menor dolor y menor tiempo quirúrgico.

[Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in uraemia and relevance of cardiovascular risk factors]. / Prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en la uremia y relevancia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its association with cardiovascular risk factors, as well as their control in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients under maintenance hemodialysis (HD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 265 patients with ESRD on maintenance HD from a University Hospital and 4 dialysis units were included in this multicenter and cross-sectional study that analyzed the prevalence of CVD and the possible association with classic and new cardiovascular risk factors. Usual biochemical and haemathological parameters were analyzed, as well as plasma levels of homocysteine, troponin-I, BNP, lipoprotein(a), C reactive protein, IL-6, fibrinogen, asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde, adiponectin, osteoprotegerin, and fetuin. In a subset of patients an echocardiography and carotid artery Doppler echography were also performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of CVD was 52.8%. Factors positively associated with prevalent CVD were age, BMI, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, dialysis vintage, Charlson s comorbility index, levels of fibrinogen, osteoprotegerin, BNP and CRP, as well as carotid intima-media thickness, left ventricular mass and pulse pressure. Factors negatively associated with prevalent CVD were: previous renal transplant, ejection fraction or levels of LDL-c and phosphorous. In the multivariate analysis dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, age and LDL-c (negatively) were associated with CVD. CONCLUSIONS: In HD patients the prevalence of CVD is high and is associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical CVD.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled lithium treatment in chemotherapy induced aplasia for AML: reduced antibiotic requirement.

A double-blind placebo-controlled study on lithium (Li) therapy after chemotherapy-induced bone marrow aplasia was undertaken in 53 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). No difference was observed between the two groups for the duration of aplasia, the number of units of platelets or RBC transfused, the complete remission rate or the disease free survival. However, a statistically significant reduction in the number of days of antibiotic therapy required was found in the treated group (10.55 +/- 2.72 vs 12.73 +/- 3.60, P less than 0.05).

[Improved results in the treatment of acute monoblastic leukemia: analysis of 91 patients treated in the 01 AM 81 protocol]. / Amélioration des résultats du traitement des leucémies aiguës monoblastiques: analyse de 91 malades traités dans le protocole 01 AM 81.

A total of 91 patients with acute monoblastic leukemia (AML) were treated following two induction regimens (ARA-C + RBZ, with of without CPA), and a unique maintenance therapy (CNS prophylaxis and reinductions every 6 weeks, for 36 months). Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 84% of patients. The only prognostic factor significantly influencing the CR rate was age, with 92% for the less than 40 years group and 75% for the greater than or equal to 40 years group. CR was not influenced by sex, tumoral syndrome, leukocytosis, cytological subclassification (M5A, M5B), or induction regimen with or without CPA. The duration of CR in these forms which have a traditionally poor prognosis, was no different from other forms of AML (21 months), and the disease-free survival at 50 months was 45%. These results, pertaining to the largest published series treated by the same protocol, are the best reported in literature and confirm the role of induction and maintenance therapy in CR.