RESUMO
The cumulative and definitive nature of chronic cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines requires a preventive strategy of early diagnosis. The authors undertook a prospective study of the association of echocardiography, mitral Doppler and pulsed Doppler tissue imaging of the left ventricular lateral and posterior walls in the context of this problem in 20 patients without cardiac disease undergoing cancer chemotherapy including anthracyclines. Doppler echocardiography was performed before the first session of chemotherapy and at the end of treatment, 6 +/- 4 months later. After a total cumulative dose of 227 +/- 91 mg/m2 of doxorubicine, there were no changes in left ventricular ejection fraction but a significant decrease in mitral E wave velocity (p = 0.04) and in E/A ratio (p = 0.01), suggesting early changes in left ventricular relaxation. The Doppler tissue examination confirmed the presence of radial and longitudinal abnormalities in myocardial relaxation (decreases in myocardial E wave velocities of the posterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle, p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). The peak velocity of the myocardial systolic wave (Sm) was significantly decreased in the lateral wall (p = 0.02) and approached statistical significance in the posterior wall (p = 0.07). These results suggest concomitant changes in myocardial systolic and diastolic function with moderate doses of anthracyclines. Therefore, pulsed Doppler tissue examination enables earlier detection of left ventricular cardiotoxicity with anthracyclines than classical echocardiographic parameters.