Tear Film Conditions and Depression Symptoms in Persons with Obesity.

Most persons with obesity who have undergone gastric bypass surgery present depressive symptoms. Depression and anxiety have been associated with tear film disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between tear film conditions and depression symptoms in patients subjected to bariatric surgery. The participants completed a Patient Health Questionnaire to detect depression symptoms. The break-up time and Schirmer test were subsequently applied; the measurements were performed three times, and the average time was subsequently recorded. The results revealed that the Schirmer test score and PH-9 score were negatively correlated, but this was not the case for the break-up time test. Depression symptoms may correlate with lower tear production from the principal tear gland, but they may not have the same effect on meibomian gland production in adults undergoing bariatric surgery. In addition to routine control, bariatric surgery patients should be periodically evaluated by an ophthalmologist and/or psychologist who is aware of potential comorbidities. Furthermore, the observed association between depression symptoms and tear deficiencies highlights the importance of further investigations to gain a better understanding of these mechanisms.

Interaction Effects of FTO and MC4R Polymorphisms on Total Body Weight Loss, Post-Surgery Weight, and Post-Body Mass Index after Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered the most effective intervention for patients with severe obesity and is used to maintain long-term weight loss and glycemic control. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of genotypes and haplotypes of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes on total body weight loss (TBWL), post-surgery weight, and post-BMI after bariatric surgery. We retrospectively selected 101 patients from Bajio High Specialty Regional Hospital, León Guanajuato, México, who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to determine their body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, biochemical characteristics, and comorbidities. Post-surgery, patients were referred for registered anthropometry and blood pressure. Glucose, lipid and hepatic profiles, and insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels were measured, and rs9939609, rs9930506, and rs1421085 FTO and rs17782313 MC4R polymorphisms were genotyped. Six (4-8) years after BS, post-surgery weight was greater in carriers of the rs9939609 and rs1421085 risk genotypes. TBWL was lower for the rs9930506 and rs1421085 risk genotypes. Insulin and HOMA-IR were greater in patients with the three FTO polymorphisms. There were significant interaction effects of the rs9930506 and rs1421085 FTO risk genotypes on weight and BMI in response to BS. No association was found with the MC4R polymorphism. The genotypes and haplotypes of the FTO gene influence post-surgery weight, TBWL, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR.

Escala de Asuntos Inconclusos: Evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en universitarios peruanos

En la Psicoterapia Gestalt, los asuntos inconclusos son concebidos como un conjunto de experiencias del pasado que interrumpen el presente con el fin de lograr su cierre o culminación. Se buscó desarrollar la Escala de Asuntos Inconclusos y evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas. El instrumento fue administrado a 247 universitarios de Lima, de ambos sexos y de edades entre 18 a 30 años. Como evidencias de validez se reportan las de contenido, estructura interna y relación con otras variables. Los jueces opinaron que el instrumento mide asuntos inconclusos y contribuyeron a precisar los ítems. El análisis factorial confirmatorio halló excelentes valores de ajuste para un modelo unidimensional de siete ítems, el cual se relaciona de manera directa con conductas rumiativas (reproches y reflexión) e inversa con satisfacción con la vida. Asimismo, se encontró un nivel adecuado de confiablidad por consistencia interna. Se discute el valor teórico de los hallazgos, se reconocen las limitaciones y se recomienda el uso del instrumento en investigaciones y en la práctica profesional.

In Gestalt Psychotherapy, unfinished business is conceived as a set of past experiences that interrupt the present in order to achieve closure or completion. We sought to develop the Unfinished Business Scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The instrument was administered to 247 university students in Lima, of both sexes and ages between 18 to 30 years old. As evidence of validity, the content, internal structure and relationship with other variables are reported. The judges were of the opinion that the instrument measures unfinished situations and they contributed to specify the items. The confirmatory factor analysis found excellent adjustment values for a one-dimensional model of seven items, which is directly related to ruminative behaviors (reproaches and reflection) and inverse with life satisfaction. Likewise, an acceptable level of reliability was found for internal consistency. The theoretical value of the findings is discussed; limitations are recognized and the use of the test in research and professional practice is recommended.

Lambda-double-fixation for medial epicanthoplasty in Blepharophimosis - Ptosis - Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome.

PURPOSE: This study aims to describe a novel approach to medial epicanthoplasty in patients with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) and evaluate the surgical outcome of this technique. METHODS: A retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series involving 22 BPES patients who underwent medial epicanthoplasty using the Lambda-Double-Fixation technique (LDFT) performed by a single surgeon. Pre- and postoperative measurements of inner intercanthal distance (DIC) and horizontal palpebral fissure (HPFL) were recorded. Concurrent or staged ptosis surgery and lateral cantholysis, along with any complications, were documented. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 2.9 ± 2.2 years. Preoperatively, the mean DIC measured 34.0 ± 2.7 mm, significantly reducing to 23.7 ± 2.1 mm postoperatively (p < 0.001). A notable increase in mean HPFL was observed in both eyes postoperatively: right eye form 18.4 ± 2.4 mm to 23.7 ± 1.8 mm (p < 0.001) and left eye from 18.3 ± 2.4 mm to 23.8 ± 1.9 mm (p < 0.001). Postoperative scars were barely visible in all patients. CONCLUSION: LDFT is a simple and reproducible technique for medial epicanthoplasty in BPES. Our results affirm that LDFT induces a physiologically concave reshaping of the medial canthal region, optimizing access to the peritarsal zone and ensuring a secure fixation of the new canthus. These benefits lead to a reduction in ICD and an increase in HPFL, leading to a cosmetically appealing postoperative outcome.

Testing for Protein Leverage in Patients with Gastric Bypass: A Pilot Study.

INTRODUCTION: Protein leverage (PL) is the phenomenon whereby a dominant appetite for protein drives overconsumption of energy with a decline in the ratio of protein to fat and carbohydrate in the diet. PL has been independently verified in several randomized control trials, and its predictions are supported by diet surveillance data. Our aim in the present study was to test whether surgical intervention through gastric bypass will ameliorate the PL effect. METHODS: Ten patients with gastric bypass (2-5 years postsurgical time) were given ad libitum access to study food comprising 10%, 15%, or 25% protein and no access to other foods for 3 days while controlling food palatability and variety. Food intake was measured, and energy and nutrient intakes were calculated. Body weight, blood chemistry, lipid profile, hormones (insulin, leptin, and ghrelin), and creatinine were determined before and after each experimental period. RESULTS: The gastric bypass patients in our study did not show evidence for protein intake regulation as predicted under PL but ate to constant total energy intake on the 10%, 15%, and 25% protein diets with protein intake varying significantly. Patients lost weight in the three study periods, but significant weight loss was observed only on the 15% protein diet. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that gastric bypass might disengage the PL mechanism, thus ameliorating an appetite-specific mechanism that drives energy overconsumption in modern food environments.

Analysis of Factors Associated with Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery: rs1800497 ANKK1, rs1799732 DRD2 Genetic Polymorphisms, Eating Behavior, Hedonic Hunger, and Depressive Symptoms.

INTRODUCTION: A therapeutic approach to severe obesity is bariatric surgery (BS), which is considered an effective intervention for ameliorating comorbidities such as T2DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Some polymorphisms are considered markers for addictive disorders and hedonic hunger. We analyzed factors associated with the outcomes of BS, including rs1800497 ANKK1 and rs1799732 DRD2 polymorphisms, eating behavior, hedonic hunger, and depressive symptoms. METHODS: We retrospectively selected 101 patients who underwent BS and agreed to participate. The previous conditions to BS, such as body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and comorbidities, were registered; the scholarship value was evaluated as the total number of years of scholarly education. To evaluate the post-surgery conditions of the participants, we took blood samples, anthropometric measures, and 3 questionnaires to evaluate eating behavior (TFEQ-R18), hedonic hunger (PFS), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). The ANKK1 rs1800497 and rs1799732 DRD2 polymorphisms were genotyped. RESULTS: The median total weight loss (TWL) was 34.7 kg, with a BMI of 33.8 kg/m2, 6 (4-8) years after BS. The TWL was positively associated with the TFEQ-R18 score (p = 0.006) and negatively associated with triglycerides (p = 0.011). rs1800497 ANKK1 was associated with TFEQ-R18 (OR = 1.13 (1.02-1.25), p = 0.009). We also found a negative correlation of pre-surgery BMI with scholarship (r = - 0.27, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The patients showed an improvement in metabolic and anthropometric parameters post-surgery. Interestingly, the ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism was associated with eating behavior and scholarship with pre-surgery BMI, which may be considered predictors of BS outcomes.

Hand grip strength and early mortality after hip fracture.

This research describes the risk of death in elderly after hip fracture according to their strength, measured by hand grip. The result is that the weaker the patient, the greater the risk of death after hip fracture, highlighting the need to assess the force in those patients. For the coming years, most of hip fractures will occur in developing countries. It has been described that low muscular strength, measured by grip strength, increases the risk of mortality in those with hip fracture, in both high-and low- income countries. The objective of this study was to determine the mortality among patients with hip fracture and lower hand grip strength (HGS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a cohort and longitudinal study at Hip and Pelvic Surgery Department of a tertiary hospital, in Monterrey, Mexico. The study included patients aged over of 69, admitted for hip fracture surgery from February 1st 2013 to July 31st 2014. HGS measurement was performed by a trained physician at arrival to emergency department prior to surgery; clinimetric variables were asked, and a complete medical history was included. RESULTS: A total of 670 patients were included in the study and grouped in different tertiles according to hand grip strength. During follow-up, there were 112 deaths (17.4%), 61 (27.5%) in tertile 1, 37 (17.1%) in tertile 2, and 14 (6.8%) in tertile 3, p < 0.001. The association remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. Less than 5% of patients discharged from hospital were identified with osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: Lower hand grip strength in patients with a hip fracture is associated with high mortality after hip fracture.

Allogeneic Cellular Therapy in a Mature Tooth with Apical Periodontitis and Accidental Root Perforation: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Cell therapy in regenerative endodontics introduces an alternative option to classic treatment strategies for complex endodontic cases. The aim of this case report was to describe cell-based therapy using allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) encapsulated in a bioscaffold for a complex case of a mature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis and accidental root perforation. METHODS: A healthy 19-year-old man undergoing orthodontic treatment was referred for endodontic treatment in tooth #7; he was diagnosed with apical periodontitis during a previously initiated treatment associated with accidental perforation of the radicular cervical third. The root perforation was sealed with glass ionomer and composite resin, and the root canal was instrumented, disinfected, and dressed with calcium hydroxide. After 3 weeks, allogeneic UC-MSCs were encapsulated in platelet-poor plasma and then implanted into the root canal, and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France) was placed below the cementoenamel junction. Finally, the tooth was restored with composite resin. RESULTS: Follow-up examinations were performed 6 months and 1 year later. The examinations included periapical radiography, cone-beam computed tomographic imaging, and sensitivity and vitality tests. Radiographic and cone-beam computed tomographic images indicated remission of the apical lesion. Clinical evaluations revealed normal responses to percussion and palpation tests; the tooth was responsive to the electric pulp test, and the vitality test indicated low blood perfusion units. CONCLUSIONS: This case report reveals the potential use of allogeneic cellular therapy using encapsulated UC-MSCS in a platelet-poor plasma scaffold for a complex case of a permanent tooth with apical periodontitis and root perforation.

Protein Diet in Bariatric Patients Could Modify Tear Film.

Bariatric surgery patients have deficiencies of macro- and micronutrients that may be related to ophthalmic complications, for example consequences on tear film layers (lipid, aqueous, and mucosa). In this work, we associated protein diet and tear film layers in bariatric patients of a Mexican hospital. We measured characteristics of tear film by the Schirmer and tear break up time (TBUT) tests under three different protein percentage diets: 10, 15, and 25%. TBUT values were low in our study, and therefore, bariatric patients may have high possibilities to suffer dry eye or modifications in lipid tear layer. Bariatric patients, additional to the routine control, periodically should have an extensive eye examination.

[Type 2 diabetes mellitus could predict a sub-optimal weight loss after bariatric surgery]. / Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 podría predecir una pérdida subóptima de peso después de una cirugía bariátrica.

INTRODUCTION: bariatric surgery does not benefit all patients. Identifying severely obese patients who will succeed after bariatric surgery remains a challenge for the transdiciplinary team. The objective of this retrospective study was to analyze preoperative dietary factors that could predict a successful weight loss after bariatric surgery. METHODS: the retrospective study included patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery as a procedure for severe obesity (n = 84). Patient demographics, comorbidities, dietary factors, and weight loss results were extracted from the electronic medical record. RESULTS: type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was associated with suboptimal weight loss after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. CONCLUSIONS: although bariatric surgery continues being the most effective treatment for patients with severe obesity, developing strategies to improve and maintain weight loss, especially in patients with DM2, is fundamental. Assessing the dietary characteristics of candidates for bariatric surgery is crucial.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la cirugía bariátrica no beneficia a todos los pacientes. Identificar a los pacientes gravemente obesos que tendrán éxito después de la cirugía bariátrica sigue siendo un reto para el equipo transdiciplinario. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue analizar factores dietéticos preoperatorios que pudieran predecir una pérdida de peso exitosa después de la cirugía bariátrica. MÉTODOS: el estudio retrospectivo incluyó a pacientes sometidos a una cirugía de bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux como procedimiento para obesidad severa (n = 84). Datos demográficos del paciente, comorbilidades, factores dietéticos y los resultados de pérdida de peso se extrajeron de la historia clínica electrónica. RESULTADOS: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se asoció con una pérdida subóptima de peso después de una cirugía de bypass gástrico laparoscópicoen Y de Roux. CONCLUSIONES: aunque la cirugía bariátrica sigue siendo el tratamiento más efectivo para los pacientes con obesidad severa, es fundamental desarrollar estrategias para mejorar y mantener la pérdida de peso, especialmente en pacientes con DM2. Evaluar las características dietéticas de los candidatos a cirugía bariátrica es crucial.

[A SIMPLE AND RELIABLE TOOL FOR DETECTION OF NUTRITIONAL RISK IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS]. / UN INSTRUMENTO SENCILLO Y FIABLE PARA DETECTAR RIESGO NUTRICIONAL EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS.

INTRODUCTION: malnutrition in hospital associates with complications such a high rates of infections, increased length of stay, and increased economic costs. Hospitals require applying a simple and reliable tool for detection of nutritional risk. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the agreement between a screening tool used in a hospital and both MUST and SGA tools to determine the prevalence of nutritional risk. METHODS: patients -with a hospitalization period less than 36 hours- were assessed with three nutritional screening tools. Kappa value was used to assess agreement between the tests; SGA was the gold standard. RESULTS: the study included 100 patients (F = 49, M = 51) with a mean age of 49 years. MUST presented a good agreement with the SGA (kappa = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: MUST presents the highest agreement with the gold standard; therefore, it must be used to screen nutritional status of hospitalized patients due to its simplicity, reliability, and reproducibility.

Introducción: la desnutrición hospitalaria se asocia con retraso en la curación, mayor tiempo de hospitalización y gasto económico. Los hospitales requieren un instrumento sencillo para detectar un posible riesgo nutricional. Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia entre un formato de tamizaje utilizado en un hospital de tercer nivel y los instrumentos validados MUST y SGA para diagnosticar el riesgo nutricional. Métodos: pacientes con periodo de hospitalización menor a 36 horas fueron valorados con los tres tamizajes nutricionales. Utilizamos valor kappa para medir la concordancia entre las herramientas de tamizaje; el instrumento SGA fue el estándar de oro. Resultados: el estudio incluyó 100 pacientes (F = 49, M = 51) con una edad media de 49 años. MUST presentó buena concordancia con el SGA (kappa = 0,55). Conclusiones: MUST presentó mayor concordancia con el estándar de oro; por lo tanto, el MUST debería utilizarse para el tamizaje nutricional de los pacientes que ingresan en hospitales debido a su sencillez, fiabilidad y reproducibilidad.

Biocompatibilidad de células madres mesenquimales de tejido gingival humano en cultivoconun andamiaje de polímero sintético de ácido poliláctico (OPLA) / Biocompatibility of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human gingival tissue in culture with a scaffold of a synthetic polymer open porosity polylactic acid polymer (OPLA)

La ingeniería tisular se plantea como tratamiento ideal para la regeneración de tejidos con la utilización de andamiajes, células madres y factores de crecimiento. Las células madres de origen gingival plantean ventajas de obtención, mientras que el OPLA 3D permite cultivos de alta densidad celular. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la biocompatibilidad de células madres de origen gingival en OPLA. Las células se obtuvieron de tejido gingival y fueron caracterizadas fenotípica y funcionalmente. La biocompatibilidad se evaluó mediante la proliferación celular, prueba de viabilidad con azul tripán y diferenciación celular a linaje condrogénico y osteogénico. El recultivo del constructo se utilizó para evaluar la capacidad de transporte. Las células al interior del OPLA se visualizaron mediante cortes teñidos con H-E. Las células madres mesenquimales en OPLA proliferaron, 80% de confluencia a la cuarta semana. La viabilidad celular en OPLA fue de 83,32%. En el recultivo, las células comienzan a proliferar a la semana. El OPLA permite la diferenciación celular a linaje condrogénico y osteogénico. Se observan células al interior del OPLA, permite la proliferación, viabilidad y diferenciación celular. El OPLA podría ser utilizado como andamiaje celular para la ingeniería de tejidos.

Tissue engineering arises as the ideal treatment for tissue regeneration with the use of scaffolds, stem cells and growth factors. Stem cells derived from gingival tissue present benefits in its objection. 3D OPLA allow high cell density cultures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of gingival stem cells in OPLA. Cells were obtained from gingival tissue and were characterized phenotypically and functionally. The biocompatibility was evaluated through cell proliferation, viability test with trypan blue and cell differentiation to chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage. Recultivation of the construct was used to evaluate transportability. Cells inside OPLA were visualized by stained sections with H&E. Mesenchymal stem cells proliferated in OPLA, 80% confluence at the fourth week. Cell viability in OPLA was 83.32%. In recultivation, cells start proliferating in a week. OPLA allows cell differentiation to chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage. Cells were observed within OPLA. In conclusion OPLA allows proliferation, viability and cell differentiation. OPLA could be used as scaffolds for cells in tissue engineering.

Estimación de la edad médico-legal usando dos métodos para la medición de la translucidez dentinaria radicular: análisis comparativo / Legal medical age estimation using two methods measuring root dentin translucency: comparative analysis

En una investigación forense existen diversas incógnitas médico legales y criminalísticas por definir: especie, sexo, edad, identidad, causa y data de muerte de la víctima o victimario. Fenómenos biológicos han colaborado en estimar la edad médico legal de un individuo. Investigadores han propuesto diferentes métodos para esta estimación. El fenómeno de la translucidez dentinaria radicular se asocia con el aumento de la edad del individuo y ha demostrado ser de gran utilidad en esta estimación. El objetivo fue comparar el acierto en la estimación de la edad médico legal en tres rangos etarios predeterminados, mediante la medición de la translucidez dentinaria radicular, aplicando dos metodologías. Se realizaron mediciones de la longitud de la translucidez de piezas dentarias de una población chilena (n=94), mediante un método visual directo convencional y un método digital indirecto basado en una captura computarizada de la imagen. Se estimó la edad aplicando una tabla propuesta. Se preestablecieron tres rangos de edad: 1er rango (20-39 años), 2do rango (40­59 años) y 3er rango (60­79 años). El método digital muestra un acierto en la estimación de la edad en el 1er rango etario (93%), en comparación al método visual que muestra un acierto 2do y 3er rango (86% y 65%). Existen diferencias significativas p=0,001 entre ambos métodos para cada rango. La diferencia no es estadísticamente significativa en los porcentajes totales de aciertos en la estimación de la edad con ambos métodos. Enfrentados a la estimación de la edad en piezas dentarias con poca TDR se recomienda el método digital, considerando que tiende a una subestimación. En casos de mayor TDR recomendamos el método visual, que tiende a sobreestimar. Este trabajo demuestra que ambos métodos son igualmente efectivos.

In a forensic investigation there are several forensic and criminology unknowns to be elucidated, such as, species, sex, age, identity, cause and date of death of the victim or perpetrator. Some biological phenomena have been used to collaborate in determining the forensic age of an individual. Many authors and researchers have proposed different ways to perform this estimate. The phenomenon of root dentine translucency (RDT) is associated with the increase of age of the individual and has proven to be useful in the estimation of this unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy in estimating forensic age in three age ranges, by measurement of RDT, using two different methodologies. The protocol consists of taking measurements of the length translucency of dental pieces in a Chilean population (n=94), by direct visual method conventionally used and an indirect digital method based on the capture of a computerized image. The age was estimated applying a table: Three age ranges are preset: 1st range (20-39 ages), 2nd range (40-59 ages) and 3rd range (60-79 ages). The digital method gave better results in the estimation of age in the 1st age range (93%), compared to the visual method that was more assertive in the 2nd and 3rd range (86% and 65%). There are significant differences p=0.001 between the methods for each age range. The difference between the total percentages of successes in the age estimate obtained with both methods are not statistically significant. In conclusion, for age determination in teeth with very little translucency the digital method is recommended, although we must consider that this method tends to underestimate age. In cases of higher RDT we recommend using the visual method; however this method tends to overestimate age. Regardless of the above conclusion, this work shows that both methods are equally effective.

Implementación de estrategias in vitro para evaluar la funcionalidad de un suero fetal bovino colombiano / Implementation of in vitro strategies to evaluate the functionality of a Colombian fetal bovine serum

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de las pruebas biológicas realizadas para evaluar la funcionalidad y desempeño del suero fetal bovino de fabricación nacional sobre el crecimiento de cultivos celulares con diversos requerimientos nutricionales. Realizando ensayos de eficiencia de clonaje, eficiencia de plaqueo y curvas de crecimiento sobre líneas celulares y fibroblastos, se demostró que el suero de fabricación nacional puede ser empleado en el cultivo continuo de las líneas A549, PC-3, HT-29, MDA-MB231 con un buen desempeño; y en fibroblastos, las células LSPG8G, MDBK e hibridomas puede ser usado siempre y cuando se emplee al 10% y se realicen cambios de medio al menos cada 48 horas. En ninguno de los ensayos se observó un efecto tóxico o adverso sobre el crecimiento de las células empleadas, aunque en algunos casos se observó una menor funcionalidad frente al crecimiento celular comparando los resultados con otros sueros calificados. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la utilidad del SFB nacional en la aplicación para la propagación de células poco exigentes en ensayos de corta duración, así como en procedimientos transitorios tales como la inactivación de la actividad enzimática de la tripsina y criopreservación.

In this work, we present the results of biological tests performed to evaluate the functionality and performance of fetal bovine serum produced in Colombia, on the growth of cell cultures with different nutritional requirements. Performing cloning efficiency tests, plating efficiency and growth curves of cell lines and fibroblasts, showed that the Colombian serum can be used with a good performance, in continuous culture of cell lines A549, PC-3, HT-29, MDA-MB231, in fibroblasts LSPG8G cells, MDBK and hybridomes can be used in a minimum concentration of 10% and medium every 48 hours. It should be noted that none of the treatments showed a toxic or adverse effect on the growth of the cells used, although in some cases had less functionality compared to cell growth by comparing the results with other qualified serum. Therefore, the Colombian showed to be suitable for the propagation of short-term culture cells, as well as transitional procedures such as trypsin inactivation, and cryopreservation.

Cytotoxic labdane diterpenoids isolated from the hexane fraction of the Croton stipuliformis stem bark / Diterpenoides labdanos citotóxicos aislados de la fracción hexánica de la corteza de Croton stipuliformis

The composition of the cytotoxic hexane fraction of the Croton stipuliformis bark was studied by meansof a gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry; sesquiterpenes and sterols were characterized as the main constituents. Along with these compounds, three labdane and seco-labdane diterpenoids, 8(17),12E,14-labdatrien-18-oic acid [3], 12E-3,4-seco-labda-4(18),8(17),12,14-tetraen-3-oic acid [2],and its methyl ester [1] were isolated from this fraction through preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by HR-FABMS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of these three compounds against human tumor cell lines HEp-2, HT-29, MKN-45, MCF-7, and HeLa was assessed. The three compounds showed a non-specific and moderate cytotoxicity against the above mentioned cell lines.

La composición de la fracción hexánica de la corteza de Croton stipuliformis se estudió por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas; se caracterizaron los sesquiterpenos y esteroles como los principales constituyentes. Adicionalmente a estos compuestos, tres diterpenoides labdanos y seco-labdanos, el ácido 8(17),12E,14-labdatrien-18-oico [3], el ácido 12E-3,4-seco-labda-4(18),8(17),12,14-tetraen-3-oico [2] y su ester metílico [1] se aislaron de esta fracción por HPLC preparativa y sus estructuras seelucidaron con base en los análisis por HRFABMS, espectroscopía de RMN mono y bidimensional. Adicionalmente, se determinó la actividad citotóxica de estos tres compuestos frente a las líneas celulares de tumores humanos HEp-2, HT-29, MKN-45, MCF-7 y HeLa. Todos los compuestos mostraron unacitotoxidad moderada y no específica frente a las líneas celulares mencionadas anteriormente.

Chemical analysis and screening as anticancer agent of anthocyanin-rich extract from Uva Caimarona ( Pourouma cecropiifolia Mart.) fruit.

The anthocyanin-rich extract (ARE) of the fruit from Pourouma cecropiifolia , a tropical plant native to the Amazon region, showed moderate cytotoxicity toward different cancer cell lines when evaluated by MTT assays. This extract was fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to obtain three fractions (F1-F3), the composition of which was analyzed by HPLC-PDA and LC-ESI/MS. F1 was composed primarily of the monomeric anthocyanins delphinidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside, cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6''-malonyl)glucopyranoside. F2 contained the isomeric flavonols quercetin 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-galactopyranoside and quercetin 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-glucopyranoside, the structures of which were confirmed by (1)H and (13)C NMR. F3 contained polymeric pigments, which were analyzed using tandem ESI/MS with an ion trap-TOF. The structures of two proanthocyanidin and two flavanol-anthocyanin condensed pigments were suggested on the basis of their MS(n) fragmentation patterns. After cell viability assays were performed, only fraction F3 showed a cell growth-inhibitory effect similar to the one found for ARE. F3 significantly reduced the viability of HEp-2 larynx, MKN-45 gastric carcinoma, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells; in contrast, the pure compounds did not show promising cytotoxicity toward the cancer cells evaluated.

Cytotoxicity of withanolides isolated from Acnistus arborescens.

A new withanolide identified by spectroscopic analysis as 12beta-acetoxy-4-deoxy-5,6-deoxy-Delta(5)-withanolide D and Withanolide D, were isolated from the leaves of Acnistus arborescens. Cytotoxic activity of these two compounds against human tumor cell lines HT-29, MCF-7, MKN-45, HEp-2, HeLa, U-937 and two human normal fibroblast cultures, Fib04 and Fib05, were assessed. Withanolide D presented in vitro cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines at the low micromolar range (LC(50):1.0 to 1.69 microM) and showed a slightly lower activity against Fib04, suggesting moderated selectivity among tumoral and normal cells. No cytotoxic effect was observed for 12beta-acetoxy-4-deoxy-5,6-deoxy-Delta(5)-withanolide D.

[Sensitivity profile of a panel of cell lines designed for the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity]. / Caracterización del perfil de sensibilidad de un panel de líneas celulares para valoración de citotoxicidad in vitro.

INTRODUCTION: Preliminary in vitro cytoxicity evaluations are determined in human tumor cell lines as a bioassay for the screening of potentially anticancer natural products. OBJECTIVE: To strengthen the available in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation models, the panel of cell lines was expanded, and the sensitivity profile of each cell line was evaluated for its response to selected antineoplasic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HeLa, MKN-45 and U-937 cell lines were added to the panel, and the sensitivity was determined for each of seven cell lines: HEp-2, HT-29, MCF-7, SiHa, MKN-45, HeLa and U-937. The effects of the antineoplasic drugs Doxorubicin HCl, Taxol, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide and Carmustin were examined, using the methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) reduction assay. RESULTS: A differential sensitivity to the drugs Doxorubicin HCl, Taxol and Cisplatin was established among the cell lines by comparing the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values. HEp-2 was the most sensitive cell line, whereas HeLa and U-937 were the most resistant. HEp-2 exhibited a biphasic response to Taxol treatment; this was related to the reported mechanism of action of this compound. CONCLUSION: Cyclophosphamide and Carmustin did not show activity under test conditions.

Caracterización del perfil de sensibilidad de un panel de líneas celulares para valoración de citotoxicidad in vitro / Sensitivity profile of a panel of cell lines designed for the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity

Introducción. La valoración de la citotoxicidad in vitro de líneas celulares derivadas de tumores humanos se emplea como bioensayo preliminar para el tamizaje de productos de origen natural con potencial actividad anticancerígena. Objetivo. Fortalecer el modelo de valoración de citotoxicidad in vitro disponible en el laboratorio, ampliando el panel de líneas celulares y caracterizando su perfil de sensibilidad a los fármacos antineoplásicos. Materiales y métodos. Se adicionaron al panel las líneas celulares HeLa, MKN-45 y U-937, y se evaluó la sensibilidad de las siete líneas celulares (HEp-2, HT-29, MCF-7, SiHa, MKN-45, HeLa y U-937) a los fármacos antineoplásicos doxorrubicina HCl, taxol, cisplatino, ciclofosfamida y carmustina, usados en la terapia antineoplásica. Para la valoración de la citotoxicidad se empleó el método de reducción del metil-tiazol-tetrazolio. Resultados. Al comparar las concentraciones letales 50 (CL50) calculadas, se evidenció una sensibilidad diferencial de las líneas celulares frente a doxorrubicina HCl, taxol y cisplatino, siendo HEp-2 la línea más sensible a todos los fármacos, en tanto que las HeLa y U-937 fueron las más resistentes. La respuesta de HEp-2 frente al taxol presentó un comportamiento bifásico, relacionado con su mecanismo de acción. Conclusión. En las condiciones empleadas no se observaron efectos frente a la ciclofosfamida y la carmustina.