Doença Celíaca: Desvelando Histórias / Celiac Disease: Unveiling Stories / Enfermedad Celíaca: Desvelando Historias

Objetivo: explorar o impacto da doença celíaca no bem-estar e no desenvolvimento de crianças, conforme percebido por suas mães, participantes do grupo "Criança Celíaca" no Facebook. Método: Estudo qualitativo, utilizando o método de história oral. A pesquisa centraliza a questão: Como a doença celíaca influencia a qualidade de vida e a saúde durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil? Seis mães foram escolhidas com base em critérios de inclusão específicos e concordaram em participar do estudo. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas gravadas no Zoom e analisados por meio de transcrição, agrupamento e categorização dos depoimentos. Resultados:Os achados são divididos em sete categorias: experiências de crianças com doença celíaca; impacto na qualidade de vida, crescimento e desenvolvimento; interações em eventos sociais; experiências escolares; emoções diante da doença; e necessidades das famílias afetadas. Conclusão: O estudo revela a necessidade de maior envolvimento dos profissionais de enfermagem neste campo, enfatizando a importância do papel ativo dos pais na garantia da qualidade de vida de crianças celíacas

Objective: to explore the impact of celiac disease on the well-being and development of children as perceived by their mothers, members of the "CeliacChild" group on Facebook. Method:This qualitative study, employing oral history methodology. The research focuses on the question: How does celiac disease affect the quality of life and health during childhood growth and development? Six mothers were selected based on specific inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected through interviews recorded on Zoom and analyzed through transcription, grouping, and categorization of the testimonies. Results:The findings are divided into seven categories: experiences of children with celiac disease; impact on quality of life, growth, and development; interactions at social events; school experiences; emotions in the face of the disease; and the needs of affected families. Conclusion:The study highlights the need for greater involvement of nursing professionals in this field, emphasizing the importance of parents' active role in ensuring the quality of life of children with celiac disease

Objetivo: explorar el impacto de la enfermedad celíaca en el bienestar y desarrollo de los niños, según lo percibido por sus madres, integrantes del grupo "Niño Celíaco" en Facebook. Método:Este estudio cualitativo, utilizando el método de historia oral. La investigación se centra en la pregunta: ¿Cómo afecta la enfermedad celíaca a la calidad de vida y la salud durante el crecimiento y desarrollo infantil? Se seleccionaron seis madres basadas en criterios específicos de inclusión y acordaron participar en el estudio. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas grabadas en Zoom y se analizaron mediante transcripción, agrupación y categorización de los testimonios. Resultados:Los hallazgos se dividen en siete categorías: experiencias de niños con enfermedad celíaca; impacto en la calidad de vida, crecimiento y desarrollo; interacciones en eventos sociales; experiencias escolares; emociones frente a la enfermedad; y las necesidades de las familias afectadas. Conclusión:El estudio resalta la necesidad de una mayorimplicación de los profesionales de enfermería en este campo, enfatizando la importancia del rol activo de los padres en garantizar la calidad de vida de los niños celíacos.

Subcentimetric Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Does the Diagnosis Kind Impact Prognosis?

INTRODUCTION: Subcentimetric papillary thyroid carcinoma (SPTC) (papillary thyroid carcinoma with less than 10 mm in size) usually presents an excellent prognosis, with few aggressive reported cases. Given the globally increased incidence of SPTC, physicians are struggling with the need to identify prognostic factors to stratify SPTC. The aim was to compare clinicopathological variables and prognosis between clinically and incidentally diagnosed SPTC. Materials and methodsː This is a retrospective observational study on patients with SPTC who underwent thyroidectomy between 2002 and 2015. Two groups were considered: G1 (n=60 (61.9%)), clinical diagnosis (Bethesda III-VI cytology in the thyroid tumor/in cervical lymphadenopathies) and G2 (n=37 (38.1%)), incidental diagnosis (thyroidectomy for benign thyroid pathology). The histological material was reviewed, and molecular analysis of the BRAF, RAS, and TERT promoter (TERTp) genes was performed. Resultsː Ninety-seven individuals were included, 60 (61.9%) of which were from G1, with a predominance of female sex (n=83 (85.6%)). Individuals of G1 were younger (53.0±14.2 versus 59.3±13.9 years; p=0.035), were more frequently treated with 131-iodine (39.2% versus 13.4%; p=0.007), had the largest diameter (8 (p25-p75: 7-9) versus 5 (p25-p75: 4-6.5) mm; p<0.001), and higher frequency of minimal extracapsular invasion (45% versus 24.3%; p=0.041). Increased tumor size was the only independent predictor of a clinical diagnosis (p<0.001). Conclusionsː Clinically and incidentally diagnosed SPTC showed excellent medium- to long-term prognosis. A larger SPTC was more likely a driver of clinical detection than a marker of tumor aggressiveness, but caution should be taken as contradictory data persists.

Atividade física: a importância dessa pratica no envelhecimento / Physical activity: the importance of this practice in aging / Actividad física: la importancia de esta práctica en el envejecimiento

Objetivo: descrever a importância da atividade física no envelhecimento. Método: abordagem qualitativa e o método de revisão bibliográfica integrativa. A coleta dos dados deu-se em literatura nacional indexada no banco de dados da Scielo. Foram analisados 16 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Resultados: evidenciou-se que a realização de atividade física, sem dúvida age diretamente na esfera biológica do envelhecimento, trazendo benefícios aos sistemas que se comprometem na terceira idade, dentre esses se podem citar o controle da pressão arterial, a melhora da capacidade cardiovascular, respiratória, amplitude da mobilidade, menor risco de doenças, e a prevenção de alguns tipos de câncer. Conclusão: O enfermeiro da atenção básica pode se atribuir de várias metodologias de trabalho, como a formação de grupos, onde ele, articulando-se com a equipe multiprofissional, pode desenvolver tanto para os cuidadores quanto para os idosos, ações reflexivas e motivadoras, que os possibilite perceberem o envelhecimento como um processo benigno e não patológico.

Objective: To describe the importance of physical activity in aging. Method: Qualitative approach and the integrative literature review method. Data collection took place in national literature indexed in the Scielo database. 16 articles that met the previously established inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: It was evidenced that the practice of physical activity undoubtedly acts directly on the biological sphere of aging, bringing benefits to the systems that are compromised in old age, among these can be mentioned the control of blood pressure, improvement of cardiovascular and respiratory capacity, mobility, lower risk of disease, and the prevention of some types of cancer. Conclusion: The basic care nurse can assume various work methodologies, such as the formation of groups, where he or she, working together with the multidisciplinary team, can develop both for carers and the elderly, reflective and motivating actions that enable them to perceive aging as a benign and non-pathological process.

Objetivo: Describir la importancia de la actividad física en el envejecimiento. Método: Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y un método de revisión bibliográfica integrador. La recolección de datos se realizó en la literatura nacional indexada en la base de datos de SciELO. Se analizaron 16 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión previamente establecidos. Resultados: Se evidenció que la realización de actividad física actúa directamente en la esfera biológica del envejecimiento, trayendo beneficios a los sistemas comprometidos en la tercera edad. Entre ellos, se puede mencionar el control de la presión arterial, la mejora de la capacidad cardiovascular, la respiración, la amplitud de movilidad, un menor riesgo de enfermedades y la prevención de algunos tipos de cáncer. Conclusión: El enfermero de atención primaria puede utilizar diversas metodologías de trabajo, como la formación de grupos, en conjunto con el equipo multidisciplinario, para desarrollar acciones reflexivas y motivadoras para los cuidadores y los ancianos, permitiéndoles percibir el envejecimiento como un proceso benigno en lugar de patológico.

Gestação na adolescência: o desvelar de uma vivência / Teenage pregnancy: unveiling an experience / Embarazo en la adolescencia: la revelación de una experiência

Objetivo: analisar a experiência vivenciada na atenção básica por adolescentes grávidas durante o pré-natal em uma Unidade de Saúde de Ceilândia ­DF. Método:O estudo usou a abordagem qualitativa e o método fenomenológico. A coleta dos dados foi por meio de entrevista direcionada a adolescentes previamente selecionadas mediante adequação aos critérios de inclusão. Foram resguardados o sigilo, a confidencialidade e a fidedignidade dos dados coletados. Resultados:Os dados finais estão apresentados em 6 categorias. Trouxe à evidência de que a gravidez na adolescência ainda é um problema que acomete a identidade em formação de adolescentes e que a falta de adesão aos programas de promoção à saúde por parte deste público ainda existe, necessitando assim de olhar mais apurado e capacitado para atender as necessidades em saúde desta população. Conclusão:o atendimento nessa circunstância demanda cuidados, com isso, profissionais de saúde capacitados devem estar associados a essa situação, de forma que busquem estabelecer vínculos com a adolescente e por meio de uma reflexão com ela, seu companheiro e familiares, tentem encontrar estratégias que possibilitem a minimização de problemas.

Objective:Objective: to analyze the experience lived in primary care by pregnant adolescents during prenatal care at a Health Unit in Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil. Method:The study used a qualitative approach and the phenomenological method. Datacollection was done through interviews with previously selected adolescents who met the inclusion criteria. Confidentiality and data accuracy were ensured. Results:The final data are presented in 6 categories. It brought to light that adolescent pregnancy is still a problem that affects the forming identity of adolescents and that the lack of adherence to health promotion programs by this group still exists, requiring a more specialized and capable approach to address the health needs of this population. Conclusion: Care in this circumstance demands special attention, therefore, trained healthcare professionals should be involved in this situation, seeking to establish bonds with the adolescent and, through reflection with her, her partner, and family members, find strategies to minimize problems.

Objetivo:analizar la experiencia vivida en la atención primaria por adolescentes embarazadas durante el período prenatal en una Unidad de Salud en Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brasil. Método:El estudio utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y el método fenomenológico. La recopilación de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas dirigidas a adolescentes previamente seleccionadas que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se garantizó la confidencialidad y la veracidad de los datos recopilados. Resultados:Los datos finales se presentan en 6 categorías. Se evidenció que el embarazo en la adolescencia sigue siendo un problema que afecta la identidad en formación de los adolescentes y que la falta de adhesión a los programas de promoción de la salud por parte de este grupo todavía existe, lo que requiere una mirada más especializada y capacitada para abordar las necesidades de salud de esta población. Conclusión:La atención en esta circunstancia requiere cuidados especiales, por lo tanto, profesionales de la salud capacitados deben estar involucrados en esta situación, buscando establecer vínculos con la adolescente y, a través de la reflexión con ella, su pareja y familiares, encontrar estrategias que permitan minimizar los problemas.

Ovarian Hemangioma With Stromal Luteinization.

Ovarian hemangiomas are generally asymptomatic. However, associated stromal luteinization, reported in some cases, may lead to the development of hyperandrogenic syndrome. We report the case of a 61-year-old female referred to the endocrinology outpatient clinic for hirsutism, hair loss, and deepening of the voice tone. The investigation showed high serum testosterone and normal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Normal ovaries were observed in the initial transvaginal ultrasound, but an abdominal-pelvic nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a solid mass in the right ovary. The patient underwent surgery, and pathological examination revealed a capillary-type ovarian hemangioma with stromal luteinization. After the surgery, clinical and analytical response was very favorable.

Multiple Bone Fractures in a Patient With Difficult-to-Treat Cushing's Disease.

Osteoporosis at a young age should prompt clinicians to search for secondary causes, namely endogenous Cushing's syndrome.We report a case of a 33-year-old male with a history of spontaneous fracture of the 12th thoracic vertebra and florid features of Cushing's syndrome. The physical exam evidenced moon face, facial plethora, muscle atrophy of the upper and lower limbs, and accumulation of abdominal fat. Bone mineral density revealed osteoporosis in the lumbar spine and in the femoral neck. Scintigraphy showed bone fractures in several costal arches, dorsal columns, and sternum. Hypercortisolism was confirmed by blood work. Serum cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticotropin (ACTH), and 24-hour urine cortisol values were elevated. Imaging with MRI sellar region was normal and bilateral catheterization of inferior petrosal sinuses was positive. The patient underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TPS) and a lesion in the right side of the pituitary was identified and resected. Postoperatively, the patient did not meet the remission criteria and we decided to initiate treatment with ketoconazole alongside pituitary radiotherapy. After two years of surgery, the patient presented with recurrent bone fractures, height loss (25 cm), intense fatigue, and difficulty walking without assistance. Due to severe disease, we performed bilateral adrenalectomy, which was essential to control hypercortisolism and improve the patient's quality of life.

Emotional Burden among Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross Sectional Study.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among Spanish community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was designed. An online survey was administered to participants from 4 to 21 April 2020 using a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic information and the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Informed consent to participate was requested. Participants comprised 1162 pharmacy staff from Spain with an average age of 39.15 ± 9.718, from 20 to 65 years old, of whom 83% were women, and 50.6% were married. More than half of the participants expressed symptoms of depression (62.7%) and anxiety (70.9%). An important prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms has been detected among Spanish pharmacists and pharmacy technicians during the COVID-19 lockdown. Being a woman, smoking, feeling fear, feeling stress and believing that pharmacists/pharmacy technicians are very exposed to COVID-19 seem to be associated with higher HADS scores.

Insipid diabetes and vaginal ulcers: evidence for the diagnosis of Langerhans cell hypophysitis.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico da dengue no município de anápolis - goiás entre os anos de 2016 a 2020 / Clinical-epidemiological profile of dengue in the municipality of anápolis - goiás from 2016 to 2020 / Perfil clínico-epidemiológico del dengue en el municipio de anápolis - goiás de 2016 a 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil clínico epidemiológico da dengue em Anápolis, Goiás - BR entre os anos 2016 a 2020. Métodos: estudo descritivo de natureza quantitativa. Foram utilizados dados da ficha de notificação de dengue cadastrada no Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Utilizado o teste qui-quadrado com nível de significância cinco (5%) (p<0,05). Resultados: foram notificados 27.544 casos com o pico em 2019, sendo 54,2% do sexo feminino, faixa etária de 25 a 44 anos 36,7% e cor parda 70,3%. Dos casos ocorridos, 97,7% não foram hospitalizados, predominaram a dengue clássica em 98% e obteve-se cura em 99,9% dos casos. Houve diferença significativa em relação à faixa etária e à classificação da dengue, hospitalização e evolução clínica (p= 0,001). Conclusão: evidencia-se que a dengue é prevalente em Anápolis, sendo necessárias estratégias de prevenção e controle do vetor, principalmente, nos períodos de sazonalidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the clinical epidemiological profile of dengue in Anápolis, Goiás - BR between the years 2016 to 2020. Methods: descriptive study of a quantitative nature. Data from the dengue notification form registered in the Epidemiological Surveillance Department were used. Chi-square test was used with significance level five (5%) (p<0.05). Results: 27,544 cases were notified with the peak in 2019, being 54.2% female, age group 25 to 44 years 36.7% and brown color 70.3%. Of the cases that occurred, 97.7% were not hospitalized, classic dengue predominated in 98% and cure was obtained in 99.9% of cases. There was a significant difference regarding age group and dengue classification, hospitalization, and clinical evolution (p= 0.001). Conclusion: It is evident that dengue is prevalent in Anápolis, and strategies of prevention and control of the vector are necessary, especially during seasonal periods.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el perfil clínico epidemiológico del dengue en Anápolis, Goiás - BR entre los años 2016 a 2020. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de carácter cuantitativo. Se utilizaron datos de la ficha de notificación de dengue registrada en el Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significación del cinco (5%) (p<0,05). Resultados: Se notificaron 27.544 casos con el pico en 2019, siendo el 54,2% mujeres, el grupo de edad de 25 a 44 años el 36,7% y el color marrón el 70,3%. De los casos ocurridos, el 97,7% no fueron hospitalizados, el dengue clásico predominó en el 98% y se obtuvo la curación en el 99,9% de los casos. Hubo una diferencia significativa con respecto al grupo de edad y la clasificación del dengue, la hospitalización y la evolución clínica (p= 0,001). Conclusión: se evidencia que el dengue es prevalente en Anápolis, siendo necesarias estrategias de prevención y control del vector, principalmente, en los periodos de sazonalidad.

Necrotizing infundibulo-hypophysitis: case-report and literature review.

PURPOSE: We describe a rare case of histopathologic-proven necrotizing infundibulo-hypophysitis (NIH). CLINICAL HISTORY: A 40-year-old female presented with coexistence of central diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism. Imaging disclosed a thickened infundibulum and a diffusely enlarged pituitary mass with gadolinium rim enhancement pattern. Microsurgical endonasal transsphenoidal resection was performed. The presence of extensive liquefactive necrosis, surrounded by lymphoplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrate, allowed for the diagnosis of NIH. Follow-up cranial imaging 10 months after surgery showed no evidence of reappearance of the lesion. There was no progression to panhypopituitarism. CONCLUSION: Surgery and histopathological confirmation are the key diagnostic feature in NIH. The current case is the fifth report of NIH and the first one with an indolent course and without progression to panhypopituitarism so far.

Sweet Cherries as Anti-Cancer Agents: From Bioactive Compounds to Function.

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are among the most appreciated fruits worldwide because of their organoleptic properties and nutritional value. The accurate phytochemical composition and nutritional value of sweet cherries depends on the climatic region, cultivar, and bioaccessibility and bioavailability of specific compounds. Nevertheless, sweet cherry extracts are highly enriched in several phenolic compounds with relevant bioactivity. Over the years, technological advances in chemical analysis and fields as varied as proteomics, genomics and bioinformatics, have allowed the detailed characterization of the sweet cherry bioactive phytonutrients and their biological function. In this context, the effect of sweet cherries on suppressing important events in the carcinogenic process, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, was widely documented. Interestingly, results from our research group and others have widened the action of sweet cherries to many hallmarks of cancer, namely metabolic reprogramming. The present review discusses the anticarcinogenic potential of sweet cherries by addressing their phytochemical composition, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of specific bioactive compounds, and the existing knowledge concerning the effects against oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, deregulated cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastization, and metabolic alterations. Globally, this review highlights the prospective use of sweet cherries as a dietary supplement or in cancer treatment.

Spanish oncology nurses: Assessment and relationship between resilience and emotional labour status.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate nurses' resilience and emotional labour (EL) status in the oncology context as well as to examine the relationship between resilience and EL status. METHODS: Cross-sectional, correlational quantitative design. The selected setting is the oncology centre at a referral and teaching hospital in northern Spain. One hundred and two oncology nurses were included. Socio-demographic data were obtained from a questionnaire. Data for resilience and EL status were drawn from validated Spanish questionnaires. RESULTS: Oncology nurses reported a moderate to high level of resilience and experienced less intense EL. Professional rank was the only factor identified that influenced resilience (p < .05). Gender, educational level, shift work, work department, and oncology work experience were statistically significant when correlated with the EL of oncology nurses (p < .05). There was a positive correlation between resilience and two EL factors (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The information gained from this study may raise awareness of the importance of resilience and EL in the nursing profession. It would be important to develop a programme of resilience training and emotional regulation and integrate these programmes into educational systems in order to help enhance nursing students' and clinical nurses' resilience and emotional competency.

Jogos teatrais com drogadictos: uma investigação-ação na educação física / Theater games with drug addicts: an action-research study in physical education / Juegos teatrales con drogadictos: una investigación-acción en la educación física

Este estudo objetivou investigar e descrever os significados relacionados ao Bem-estar Subjetivo relatados por drogadictos quando expostos a um programa de aulas com jogos teatrais. É uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa do tipo investigaçãoação. Dezoito jovens internos na Comunidade Terapêutica Fazenda da Esperança, em Alhandra/PB, fizeram parte deste estudo. Para realizar as observações foram aplicados um Roteiro de Observação de aula e o Roteiro de Entrevista Semiestruturada. Os jogos foram gravados em vídeo e os depoimentos das entrevistas em áudio. Foi possível observar e descrever com mais frequência relatos emocionais de bem-estar, liberdade para se expressar, alegria, felicidade e sentir-se vinculado ao grupo. Acredita-se que tais significados são justificados pela junção de estruturas pedagógicas de aula em que os momentos são didaticamente organizados em Sentir, Reagir e Refletir conjuntamente aplicados ao método Viola Spolin de jogos teatrais, com estruturação pela Pedagogia da Corporeidade

This study aimed to investigate and describe meanings related to subjective wellbeing reported by drug addicts when exposed to a program of classes including theater games. This is a qualitative action-research study whose participants were eighteen young clients of the Fazenda da Esperança therapeutic community in Alhandra, Paraíba, Brazil. It used Lesson Observation and a Semi-structured Interview Script. Games were recorded on video and interviews were recorded on audio. Emotional accounts of well-being, freedom for self-expression, joy, happiness, and bonds to the group were more often observed and described. Such meanings would be justified by the convergence of pedagogical class structures, when moments are didactically organized as Feeling, Reacting and Reflecting,jointly applied to the Viola Spolin theater games method, structured under The Pedagogy of Corporeity

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar y describir los significados relacionados con el bienestar subjetivo reportado por adictos a las drogas cuando son expuestos a un programa de clases con juegos teatrales. Es un estudio cualitativo del tipo investigación-acción. Dieciocho jóvenes internos en la Comunidad Terapéutica Hacienda Esperanza, en Alhandra, Paraíba, formaron parte de ese estudio. Para llevar a cabo las observaciones se aplicaron un Plan de Observación de Clases y un Plan de Entrevista Semiestructurada. Los juegos fueron grabados en video y los testimonios de las entrevistas se grabaron en audio. Fue posible observar y describir con mayor frecuencia relatos emocionales de bienestar, libertad para expresarse, alegría, felicidad y de sentirse vinculado al grupo. Se cree que tales significados son justificados por la unión de estructuras pedagógicas de clase donde los momentos se organizan didácticamente en Sentir, Reaccionar y Reflexionar conjuntamente aplicados al método Viola Spolin de juegos teatrales, estructurados por la Pedagogía de la Corporeidad

Esclerite posterior bilateral simultânea e unilateral recorrente / Simultaneous bilateral and unilateral recurrent posterior scleritis

Resumo Esclerite posterior é uma doença inflamatória ocular que acomete a esclera e cujo diagnóstico é difícil. A clínica da doença envolve a piora da qualidade visual com dor ocular e achados do segmento posterior, como descolamento de retina seroso, dobras de coroide, edema de disco óptico e espessamento escleral. Deve-se ficar atento aos achados sistêmicos, pois, muitas vezes, está associada a doenças como artrite reumatoide, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, doença inflamatória intestinal e doenças infecciosas, como sífilis e tuberculose. Este trabalho objetiva descrever dois casos: uma paciente com quadro de esclerite posterior bilateral simultânea, sem alterações sistêmicas correlacionadas com a doença. A apresentação bilateral é incomum nesta patologia; e outro caso de esclerite anterior e posterior unilateral recorrente.

Abstract Posterior scleritis is an ocular inflammatory disease that affects the sclera e whose diagnosis is difficult. The main clinical manifestations are worsening of visual quality, ocular pain and finding in the posterior segment, such as serous retinal detachment, choroidal folds, optic disc edema and sclera thickening. We should award for systemic findings, because it is often accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease and infections, such as syphilis and tuberculosis.This paper aims to describe two cases: one patient with simultaneous bilateral posterior scleritis without systemic alterations correlated with the disease. Bilateral presentation is uncommon in this pathology; and another case of recurrent unilateral anterior and posterior scleritis.

Plasmocitoma intraconal e infiltração uveal em paciente portadora de mieloma múltiplo / Intraconal plasmocytoma and uveal infiltration in a patient with multiple myeloma

Resumo Mieloma múltiplo (MM) é uma neoplasia que cursa com a proliferação desordenada de clones de plasmócitos, produzindo imunoglobulina monoclonal e normalmente se apresenta como lesões osteolíticas. Em alguns casos, porém, esta doença apresenta-se como massas, chamadas de plasmocitomas. O acometimento ocular e orbitário é incomum nesta patologia. Neste trabalho, descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 63 anos com diagnóstico prévio de MM que evoluiu com um plasmocitoma intraconal em olho direito, bem como uma massa vascularizada câmara anterior proveniente de infiltração uveal. Essas lesões foram correlacionadas MM e culminaram com a perda visual no olho acometido. Não foi encontrado na literatura relatos de plasmocitoma intraconal.

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) leads to disorderly proliferation of plasma cells clones, producing monoclonal immunoglobulin and commonly presents osteolytic lesions. In some cases, however, masses called plasmocytomas are found. Ocular and orbital involvement is unusual in this pathology. In this paper, we describe a case of a 63 year-old patient with previous diagnostic of MM that evolved an intraconal plasmocytoma in the right eye, as well as a vascularized mass in the anterior chamber from uveal infiltration. These lesions were correlated to MM e lead to visual loss in the affected eye. Reports of intraconal plasmocytoma have not been found in literature.

The stem cell factor (SCF)/c-KIT system in carcinogenesis of reproductive tissues: What does the hormonal regulation tell us?

The tyrosine kinase receptor c-KIT and its ligand, the stem cell factor (SCF) are expressed in several tissues of male and female reproductive tract, playing an important role in the regulation of basic biological processes. The activation of c-KIT by SCF controls, cell survival and death, cell differentiation and migration. Also, the SCF/c-KIT system has been implicated in carcinogenesis of reproductive tissues due to its altered expression pattern or overactivation in consequence of gain-of-functions mutations. Over the years, it has also been shown that hormones, the primary regulators of reproductive function and causative agents in the case of hormone-dependent cancers, are also able to control the SCF/c-KIT tissue levels. Therefore, it is liable to suppose that disturbed SCF/c-KIT expression driven by (de)regulated hormone actions can be a relevant step towards carcinogenesis. The present review describes the SCF and c-KIT expression in cancers of reproductive tissues, discussing the implications of the hormonal regulation of the SCF/c-KIT system in cancer development. Understanding the relationship between hormonal imbalance and the SCF/c-KIT expression and activity would be relevant in the context of novel therapeutic approaches in reproductive cancers.

Analysing Algorithms and Data Sources for the Tissue-Specific Reconstruction of Liver Healthy and Cancer Cells.

Genome-Scale Metabolic Models (GSMMs), mathematical representations of the cell metabolism in different organisms including humans, are resourceful tools to simulate metabolic phenotypes and understand associated diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and cancer. In the last years, different algorithms have been developed to generate tissue-specific metabolic models that simulate different phenotypes for distinct cell types. Hepatocyte cells are one of the main sites of metabolic conversions, mainly due to their diverse physiological functions. Most of the liver's tissue is formed by hepatocytes, being one of the largest and most important organs regarding its biological functions. Hepatocellular carcinoma is, also, one of the most important human cancers with high mortality rates. In this study, we will analyze four different algorithms (MBA, mCADRE, tINIT and FASTCORE) for tissue-specific model reconstruction, based on a template model and two types of data sources: transcriptomics and proteomics. These methods will be applied to the reconstruction of metabolic models for hepatocyte cells and HepG2 cancer cell line. The models will be analyzed and compared under different perspectives, emphasizing their functional analysis considering a set of metabolic liver tasks. The results show that there is no "ideal" algorithm. However, with the current analysis, we were able to retrieve knowledge about the metabolism of the liver.

Regucalcin counteracts tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat testis.

Regucalcin (RGN) is a calcium (Ca2+ )-binding protein with multiple physiological roles and has also been linked to the suppression of oxidative stress. It is widely known that oxidative stress adversely affects spermatogenesis, disrupting the development of germ cells, and interfering with sperm function. The present study aims to analyze the role of RGN modulating testicular oxidative stress. To address this issue, seminiferous tubules (SeT) from transgenic rats overexpressing RGN (Tg-RGN) and wild-type (WT) were cultured ex vivo for 24 h in the presence/absence of pro-oxidant stimuli, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 250 and 500 µM) and cadmium chloride (Cd, 10 and 20 µM). Noteworthy, SeT from Tg-RGN animals displayed a significantly higher antioxidant capacity and diminished levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances relatively to their WT counterparts, both in control and experimental conditions. Regarding the antioxidant defense systems, a significant increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase was found in the SeT of Tg-RGN whereas no differences were observed in superoxide dismutase activity throughout experimental conditions. The activity of apoptosis executioner caspase-3 was significantly increased in the SeT of WT rats treated with 250 µM of TBHP or 10 µM of Cd, an effect not seen in Tg-RGN animals. These results showed that the SeT of Tg-RGN animals displayed lower levels of oxidative stress and increased antioxidant defenses, exhibiting protection against oxidative damage and apoptosis. Moreover, the present findings support the antioxidant role of RGN in spermatogenesis, which may be an important issue of further research in the context of male infertility. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The protective effect of regucalcin against radiation-induced damage in testicular cells.

AIMS: Regucalcin (RGN), a protein broadly expressed in the male reproductive tract, has shown to have beneficial effects on spermatogenesis suppressing chemical-induced apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether RGN overexpression ameliorates the spermatogenic phenotype after radiation treatment. MAIN METHODS: Transgenic rats overexpressing RGN (Tg-RGN) and their wild-type (Wt) counterparts were exposed to a single dose of X-rays (6Gy), and at ten weeks after irradiation, the testicular status and the epididymal sperm parameters were evaluated. The expression of RGN and several cell cycle and apoptosis regulators, the enzymatic activity of caspase-3, and RGN immunostaining were also assessed. KEY FINDINGS: Tg-RGN animals displayed higher gonadosomatic index, and augmented sperm viability and motility relatively to their Wt counterparts after irradiation, as well as higher frequency of normal sperm morphology and a diminished incidence of head-defects. The differences in reproductive parameters were underpinned by a lower rate of apoptosis, as evidenced by the reduced activity of caspase-3, lower levels of caspase-8, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the testis of Tg-RGN animals. Supporting the involvement of RGN in the anti-apoptotic response, an enhanced expression of RGN was observed in irradiated rats. SIGNIFICANCE: Transgenic-overexpression of RGN protected against radiation-induced testicular damage, which strengthens the role of this protein protecting cells from the damage of external agents. These findings also indicated that the modulation of RGN testicular levels would be a mechanism for fertility preservation in men undergoing oncological treatment.

Estrogens down-regulate the stem cell factor (SCF)/c-KIT system in prostate cells: Evidence of antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects.

The development of prostate cancer (PCa) is intimately associated with the hormonal environment, and the sex steroids estrogens have been implicated in prostate malignancy. However, if some studies identified estrogens as causative agents of PCa, others indicated that these steroids have a protective role counteracting prostate overgrowth. The tyrosine kinase receptor c-KIT and its ligand, the stem cell factor (SCF), have been associated with the control of cell proliferation/apoptosis and prostate carcinogenesis, and studies show that estrogens regulate their expression in different tissues, though, in the case of prostate this remains unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the role of 17ß-estradiol (E2) in regulating the expression of SCF/c-KIT in human prostate cell lines and rat prostate, and to investigate the consequent effects on prostate cell proliferation and apoptosis. qPCR, Western Blot, and immuno(cito)histochemistry analysis showed that E2-treatment decreased the expression of SCF and c-KIT both in human prostate cells and rat prostate. Furthermore, the diminished expression of SCF/c-KIT was underpinned by the diminished prostate weight and reduced proliferation index. On the other hand, the results of TUNEL labelling, the increased activity of caspase-3, and the augmented expression of caspase-8 and Fas system in the prostate of E2-treated animals indicated augmented apoptosis in response to E2. The obtained results demonstrated that E2 down-regulated the expression of SCF/c-KIT system in prostate cells, which was associated with antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. Moreover, these findings support the protective role of estrogens in PCa and open new perspectives on the application of estrogen-based therapies.