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OBJECTIVES: Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome for which herpesvirus and enteroviruses are the most common etiological agents. Arboviruses, a wildly diverse group of pathogens, are also critical epidemiological agents associated with encephalitis. In Brazil, little is known about the causative agents of encephalitis. METHODS: We conducted a hospital surveillance for encephalitis between 2020 and 2022. Molecular (RT-PCR and qPCR) and serological (virus-specific IgM and viral antigens) techniques were performed in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples obtained from study participants. RESULTS: In the 43 participants evaluated, the etiologic agent or the presence of IgM was detected in 16 (37.2%). Nine (20.9%) cases were positive for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), three (7.0%) for dengue virus, two (4.7%) for human adenovirus, one (2.3%) for varicella-zoster virus, and one (2.3%) for enterovirus. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the CHIKV identified belongs to the East/Central/South African lineage. CONCLUSION: Herein, CHIKV is a common pathogen identified in encephalitis cases. Our results reinforce previous evidence that chikungunya represents a significant cause of encephalitis during CHIKV outbreaks and epidemics and add to existing information on the epidemiology of encephalitis in Brazil.
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Febre de Chikungunya , Vírus Chikungunya , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Vírus Chikungunya/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Feminino , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Febre de Chikungunya/sangue , Adulto , Adolescente , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pré-Escolar , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Encefalite Viral/epidemiologia , Encefalite Viral/virologia , Encefalite Viral/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Idoso , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Lactente , Filogenia , Herpesvirus Humano 3/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 3/isolamento & purificação , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Enterovirus/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
Fluorescein (FS) was first used to visualize malignant brain tumors in 1948. FS accumulates in malignant gliomas where the blood-brain barrier is disrupted and provides intraoperative visualization that is similar to preoperative contrast-enhanced T1 images in which gadolinium accumulation is seen.1 FS can be viewed under white light, but the use of an operating microscope fitted with a dedicated filter (YELLOW 560 nm Filter, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany) allows us to significantly reduce the dose needed to highlight tumoral tissue.1,2 FS is excited at 460-500 nm and emits a green, fluorescent emission wavelength at 540-690 nm.2 It is virtually free of side effects and has low costs3 (approximately 6.9 USD each vial: Brazil). Video 1 presents a case of a 63-year-old man who underwent a left temporal craniotomy to remove a temporal polar tumor. The FS is administered at the time of anesthesia before a craniotomy. The tumor was then removed with standard microneurosurgical technique by the alternating use of white light and YELLOW 560 nm filter illumination. The use of FS was found "helpful" to discriminate the brain tissue and tumor tissue (bright yellow). Fluorescein-guided technique with a dedicated filter on the surgical microscope is safe and allows complete resection of high-grade gliomas.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fluoresceína , Corantes Fluorescentes , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioma/cirurgia , Glioma/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodosRESUMO
Kidney disease is frequent in HIV-patients. We present a case of a 44-year-old woman, with known uncontrolled HIV infection and chronic kidney disease due to HIV-associated nephropathy. After starting dolutegravir, the patient developed eosinophilia and worsening kidney function. A kidney biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. Given the time relation with dolutegravir introduction, it was deemed the culprit medication. Dolutegravir was stopped, and corticosteroids were initiated, with moderate improvement in renal function. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute interstitial nephritis to dolutegravir, which should raise awareness of previously undocumented renal effects of antiretroviral therapy.
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A violência contra a mulher está presente em todas as populações, inclusive as etnicamente diferenciadas. Por isso, enquanto cidadãs brasileiras, mulheres pertencentes a populações indígenas e quilombolas também carecem da proteção e defesa de seus direitos, inclusive o direito à saúde e segurança. O estado do Rio de Janeiro possui em seu território tais populações, estando algumas presentes em terras homologadas no caso de indígenas e tituladas, no caso de quilombolas. O trabalho busca identificar normativas que tratem sobre a violência contra a mulher em populações indígenas e quilombolas federais e no estado do Rio de Janeiro, bem como a ação por parte dos movimentos feministas. Estado e Sociedade Civil organizada elaboram formas de ação para abordar a violência contra a mulher indígena e quilombola, de maneiras distintas, o primeiro por atividades materializadas em normativas e a segunda por recomendações presentes em livros; em ambos os casos tornando essas formas de ação disponíveis para consulta em documentos. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de busca eletrônica de normativas em repositórios de legislações federais, estaduais e municipais, de municípios com terras indígenas homologadas e terras quilombolas tituladas. Além disso, foi realizada a busca na literatura através de websites de busca de artigos científicos e de documentos provenientes da sociedade civil organizada por meio eletrônico. Dessa forma, foram analisados 4 municípios no estado do Rio de Janeiro e 5 websites de organizações não governamentais. As normativas encontradas sobre a violência contra a mulher indígena e quilombola incluem portarias, leis e resoluções, totalizando 12 federais, 6 estaduais e 27 municipais. Foi analisado o texto final de 6 conferências e encontros indígenas e 7 documentos de políticas oficiais a respeito da população quilombola. Nota-se uma escassez de documentos específicos sobre a violência contra a mulher indígena e quilombola, também perceptível na literatura, talvez pelo fato de que esse tipo de violência contra a mulher seja invisibilizado. Populações etnicamente diferenciadas pouco são especificadas nas normativas e materiais consultados. Entretanto, encontros e conferências revelam como as mulheres indígenas compreendem o fenômeno da violência nas suas aldeias, bem como uma carta do coletivo de mulheres quilombolas, que aponta para tal entendimento de maneira singular. Apenas um dos 4 municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro com povos indígenas aldeados em terras homologadas e população quilombola em terras tituladas expressa com contundência uma forma de ação voltada para o enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher entre essas populações etnicamente diferenciadas.
Violence against women exists in all populations, including ethically different ones. Because of that, indigenous and quilombola women need protection and defense of their own rights, including health and safety. State of Rio de Janeiro has in its territory populations with these skills, some in approved lands, indigenous and titled lands, quilombolas. This paper tries to identify federal legal regulations about violence against indigenous and quilombola women and in the state of Rio de Janeiro just as the action of feminist movements. State and organized civil society elaborate different ways to approach violence against indigenous and quilombola women, the first one by actvities that are materialized into laws and the second ones by recomendations expressed in books, and in both cases making it available for consultation by documents. The research was carried out through na eletronic search of regulations in repositories of federal, state and municipal legislation, among these, only counties that have indigenous in approved lands and quilombolas in titled lands. In addition, a litterature search was carried out through websites to search for scientific articles and documents from organized civil society by electronic means. Thus, 4 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and 5 websites of non-governamental organizations were analyzed. Regulations found on violence against indigenous and quilombola women include ordinances, laws, resolutions, totalling 12 federal, 6 state and 27 municipal. The final text of 6 indigenous conferences and meetings and 7 official policy documents regarding the quilombola population were analyzed. There`s a scarcity of specific documents on violence against indigenous and quilombola women, also noticeable in the literature, perhaps due to the fact that this type of violence against women is made invisible. Ethnically differentiated populations are barely specified in the regulations and materials consulted. However, meetings and conferences reveal how indigenous women understand the phenomenon of violence in their villages, as well as a letter from a collective of quilombola women point to this understanding in a unique way. Only one of the 4 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro with indigenous people living in approved lands and a quilombola population on titled lands strongly expresses a form of action aimed at combating violence against women among these ethnically differentiated populations.
Assuntos
Violência contra a Mulher , Povos Indígenas , Quilombolas , Legislação como Assunto , Brasil , Feminismo , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Ativismo PolíticoRESUMO
This study evaluated the most appropriate conditions (pH and biopolymers ratio) for the formation of the complex between ß-lactoglobulin (ß-lg) and sodium alginate (NaAlg). Furthermore, we microencapsulated black pepper essential oil (EO) using these biopolymers and transglutaminase as a cross-linking agent, and stability during in vitro digestion and its release in food models were studied. A ratio of 17:1 (ß-lg/NaAlg) at a pH of 4.5 was the optimal condition for the formation of the complex. The encapsulation efficiency (85.01% ± 0.26) and chemical and morphological characteristics suggested that black pepper EO was microencapsulated using polymers and cross-linking agent naturals. The particle size demonstrated that the capsules produced were on micro scale. The black pepper EO microcapsules lost lower release in water, and the Rigger-Peppas model indicated that the Fickian diffusion mechanism occurred. The microcapsules demonstrated a low release of black pepper EO during oral and gastric digestion and a higher release in intestinal digestion. The black pepper EO after digestion presented high stability (84.8% ± 0.07), and bioaccessibility (31.16% ± 0.3). The results suggest that the black pepper EO was microencapsulated and, preserved in aqueous food model and during oral and gastric conditions tested in vitro.
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Alginatos/química , Composição de Medicamentos , Lactoglobulinas/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Piper nigrum/química , Biopolímeros/química , Calorimetria , Cápsulas , Digestão , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/química , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Tamanho da Partícula , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
Abstract This study evaluated physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of MTA Angelus (MTA), calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) and CSC with 30% Ytterbium oxide (CSC/Yb2O3). Setting time was evaluated using Gilmore needles. Compressive strength was evaluated in a mechanical machine. Radiopacity was evaluated using radiographs of materials and an aluminum scale. Solubility was evaluated after immersion in water. Cell viability was evaluated by means of MTT assay and neutral red staining, and the mineralization activity by using alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red staining. The data were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni tests (5% significance). The bioactive potential was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The materials presented similar setting time. MTA showed the lowest compressive strength. MTA and CSC/Yb2O3 presented similar radiopacity. CSC/Yb2O3 showed low solubility. Saos-2 cell viability tests showed no cytotoxic effect, except to 1:1 dilution in NR assay which had lower cell viability when compared to the control. ALP at 1 and 7 days was similar to the control. MTA and CSC had greater ALP activity at 3 days when compared to control. All the materials present higher mineralized nodules when compared with the control. SEM analysis showed structures suggesting the presence of calcium phosphate on the surface of materials demonstrating bioactivity. Ytterbium oxide proved to be a properly radiopacifying agent for calcium silicate-based cement since it did not affected the physicochemical and biological properties besides preserving the bioactive potential of this material.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou as propriedades físico-químicas, citotoxicidade e bioatividade do MTA Angelus (MTA), cimento à base de silicato de cálcio (CSC) e CSC com 30% de óxido de itérbio (CSC/Yb2O3). O tempo de presa foi avaliado usando agulhas Gilmore. A resistência à compressão foi avaliada em uma máquina mecânica. A radiopacidade foi avaliada utilizando radiografias dos materiais e uma escala de alumínio. A solubilidade foi avaliada após imersão em água. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada por meio do ensaio MTT e coloração de vermelho neutro (NR), e a atividade de mineralização por meio da atividade da fosfatase alcalina e a coloração com Vermelho de Alizarina. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA, Tukey e Bonferroni (5% de significância). O potencial bioativo foi avaliado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os materiais apresentaram tempo de presa semelhante. O MTA mostrou menor resistência à compressão. MTA e CSC/Yb2O3 apresentaram radiopacidade semelhante. CSC/Yb2O3 apresentou menores valores de solubilidade. A viabilidade celular realizada pelos ensaios de MTT e NR não revelaram efeitos ctotóxicos em todas as diluições, exceto na diluição 1:1 no NR, o qual mostrou baixa viabilidade celular (p<0.05) em todos materiais testados quando comparado ao controle. A atividade de ALP em 1 e 7 dias foi similar ao controle (p>0.05). MTA e CSC tiveram significante aumento na atividade de ALP aos 3 dias quando comarados ao controle (p>0.05). Todos os materiais apresentaram grande produção de nódulos mineralizados quando comparados ao controle (P<0.05). A análise da SEM mostrou estruturas que sugerem a presença de depósitos de fosfato de cálcio na superfície dos materiais demonstrando bioatividade. O Yb2O3 mostrou ser um agente radiopacificador adequado em cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio uma vez que não afetou as propriedades físico-químicas e biológicas e ainda preservou o potencial bioativo desse material.
Assuntos
Óxidos/química , Itérbio/química , Bismuto/química , Silicatos/química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Cimentos Dentários/química , Solubilidade , Coloração e Rotulagem , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Sobrevivência Celular , Compostos de Alumínio/química , Força Compressiva , Fenômenos QuímicosRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of polyneuropathy in the Western world. Diabetic neuropathy is a frequent complication of diabetes and may have great clinical transcendence due to pain and possible ulceration of the lower extremities. It is also a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Although the cause of polyneuropathy in patients with diabetes is only partially known, it has been associated with chronic hyperglycemia suggesting the possible etiopathogenic implication of advanced glycosylation end products. The strategy of choice in the medical management of diabetic neuropathy is early detection since glycaemic control and the use of certain drugs may prevent or slow the development of this disease. Diabetic neuropathy most often presents with a dysfunction of unmyelinated C-fibers, manifested as an alteration of the sweat reflex of the eccrine glands. This dysfunction can now be demonstrated using a newly developed technology which measures dermal electrochemical conductivity. This noninvasive test is easy and cost-effective. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of dermal electrochemical conductance measurement (quantitative expression of the sudomotor reflex) as a screening test for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy in patients in primary care.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Neuropatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Resposta Galvânica da Pele/fisiologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Adulto , Neuropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Neuropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Precisão da Medição Dimensional , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , EspanhaRESUMO
This case report describes the surgical removal of cementoblastoma associated with apicoectomy and endodontic therapy. The patient, an 18-year-old man, presented pain in the region of the mandibular body on the right side. On clinical exam, bone expansion was observed in the region at the bottom of the vestibular sulcus, pain on palpation, slight extrusion of tooth 46 with presence of pulp vitality. Radiographic exams demonstrated the presence of a radiopaque area and discrete radiolucent halo associated with the root of tooth 46, suggesting the diagnosis of cementoblastoma. Endodontic treatment of tooth 46 was performed and exeresis of the lesion by apicoectomy. Twelve months after the first surgery, recurrence of the lesion was observed, and a new apicoectomy was necessary, this time up to the middle third of the root. Clinical radiographic control 12 mo after the second surgical intervention demonstrated absence of signs and symptoms, radiographic repair, with tooth 46 shown to be fully functional.
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ABSTRACT: The interactions between biological macromolecules have been important for biotechnology, but further understanding is needed to maximize the utility of these interactions. Calorimetric techniques provide information regarding these interactions through the thermal energy that is produced or consumed during interactions. Notable techniques include differential scanning calorimetry, which generates a thermodynamic profile from temperature scanning, and isothermal titration calorimetry that provide the thermodynamic parameters directly related to the interaction. This review described how calorimetric techniques can be used to study interactions between proteins and polysaccharides, and provided valuable insight into the thermodynamics of their interaction.
RESUMO: As interações entre macromoléculas biológicas têm tido importante aplicação na biotecnologia, mas, para sua devida utilização, estudos mais detalhados são necessários. As técnicas calorimétricas permitem estudá-las ao serem capazes de fornecer informações referentes a essas interações através da energia térmica que é gerada ou absorvida durante o processo de interação. Dentre as técnicas que mais se destacam estão a Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial, que é capaz de fornecer um perfil termodinâmico a partir de uma varredura de temperatura, e a Calorimetria de Titulação Isotérmica, que fornece parâmetros termodinâmicos diretamente relacionados ao processo de interação. Nesta revisão, descrevemos como essas técnicas calorimétricas podem ser efetivamente aplicadas no estudo das interações entre proteínas e polissacarídeos, com o propósito de obter informações valiosas sobre a termodinâmica da interação.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of root-end filling materials. Forty 2-mm-thick slices were obtained from human single-rooted teeth. After root canal preparation using a 1.5 mm diameter cylindrical drill, the dentinal walls were prepared by diamond ultrasonic tip (CVD T0F-2). The specimens were divided according the material (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). The push-out test was performed in a mechanical test machine (EMIC DL 2000) at 1 mm/min speed. The failure type was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey test, at 5% significance level. MTAA (19.18 MPa), MTAS (19.13 MPa) and S26 (15.91 MPa) showed higher bond strength (p<0.05). ZOE (9.50 MPa) showed the least bond strength values (p<0.05). Adhesive failure was prevalent in all groups, except for ZOE, which showed mixed failures. It was concluded that root-end filling materials MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer and Sealer 26 showed higher bond strength to dentinal walls than zinc oxide and eugenol cement after retrograde preparation.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união de materiais retrobturadores. Quarenta fatias de 2 mm de espessura foram obtidas a partir de dentes unirradiculares humanos. Após o preparo do canal radicular usando uma broca cilíndrica de 1,5 mm de diâmetro, as paredes de dentina foram preparadas usando uma ponta de ultra-som diamantada (CVD T0F-2). As amostras foram divididas de acordo com os materiais (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) e óxido de zinco e eugenol (ZOE). O teste de push-out foi realizado utilizando uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos (EMIC DL 2000) com velocidade de 1 mm/min. O tipo de falha foi avaliado em estereomicroscópio. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com níveis de variância de 5%. MTAA (19,18 MPa), MTAS (19,13 MPa) e S26 (15,91 MPa) apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência de união (p<0,05). ZOE (9,50 MPa) apresentou os menores valores de resistência de união (p<0,05). A falha adesiva foi prevalente em todos os grupos, com exceção do ZOE, que apresentou falhas mistas. Concluiu-se que os materiais retrobturadores MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer e Sealer 26 apresentam maior resistência de união às paredes dentinárias que o óxido de zinco e eugenol após o preparo retrógrado.
Assuntos
Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Preparo de Canal RadicularRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this report is to describe the application of the FINDRISC in clinical practice within the DE-PLAN project as a step to screen for Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Nine out of 24 possible centers were included. Six centers used opportunistic screening methods for participant recruitment whereas three centers provided study participants of a random population sample. Men (n=1621) and women (n=2483) were evaluated separately. In order to assess the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) disorders across different risk categories, the FINDRISC was used. Anthropometric measurements included blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference. Blood lipids and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed in all participants. The primary outcome was identified risk of AGT and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: There was no difference in the prevalence of smoking between the FINDRISC categories, people with a FINDRISC below 15 points tend to be more physically active and to eat more frequently fruits and vegetables. Men with a FINDRISC from 15 to 19 points had a prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance of approximately 60% and women 50%. The prevalence for men and women with a FINDRISC >20 points was 80%. 30% of men and 20% of women with a FINDRISC between 15 and 19 points had Type 2 diabetes. Among people with a FINDRISC more than 20 points, 50% had previously undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The FINDRISC may be a practical tool to be used in primary health-care systems throughout the European population.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Intolerância à Glucose/diagnóstico , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Intolerância à Glucose/epidemiologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Verduras , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
Introdução: O Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA) é composto por cimento Portland (CP) e um radiopacificador (óxido de bismuto). Objetivo: Avaliar tempo de presa, solubilidade, pH, liberação de íons Cálcio e radiopacidade do cimento Portland puro ou associado a quatro radiopacificadores (sulfato de bário, carbonato de bismuto, óxido de bismuto e iodofórmio), comparados ao MTA branco (Angelus, Londrina, Brasil). Material e Método: A proporção empregada CP/radiopacificador foi de 4:1 em peso, (80% de cimento Portland e 20% de radiopacificador). A especificação 57 da ADA foi usada para avaliação do tempo de presa. A solubilidade foi analisada segundo a especificação ISO 6876/2001. A avaliação do pH foi realizada com peagâmetro digital e a liberação de íons Ca++foi verificada por meio de espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. A radiopacidade foi determinada em milímetros de alumínio (mm/Al). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de Análise de Variância e Tukey, nível de significância 5%. Resultado: O sulfato de bário não alterou o tempo de presa final do CP. Radiopacidade inferior ao mínimo recomendado pelas normas da ADA nº 57 e ISO 6876/2001 foi observada para CP e CP associado com sulfato de bário. O CP associado ao iodofórmio apresentou solubilidade acima dos 3% recomendados pela ISO 6876/2001. Todos os materiais proporcionaram alcalinização do meio e promoveram liberação de íons cálcio. Conclusão: Carbonato de bismuto ou óxido de bismuto proporcionaram tempo de presa inicial, solubilidade, pH, liberação de íons Cálcio e radiopacidade adequados quando associados ao CP. .
Introduction: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is composed of Portland cement (PC), and a radiopacifier (bismuth oxide). Objective: To evaluate the setting time, solubility, pH, calcium ion release and radiopacity of pure Portland cement and its association to four radiopacifiers, (Barium sulfate, bismuth carbonate, bismuth oxide and iodoform), and White MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil). Material and Method: The ratio CP/radiopacifier used was 4:1 by weight (80% Portland cement and 20% radiopacifier). The setting time was evaluated according the specification ADA 57. The solubility was analyzed according to ISO 6876/2001 specification. The pH was evaluated using a digital pHmeter and the release of Ca++ ions by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The radiopacity was measured in millimeters of aluminum (mm/Al). The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests using 5% of significance level. Result: Barium sulfate did not alter the final setting time of the PC. Observed radiopacity was less than the minimum recommended by ADA 57 and ISO 6876/2001 for CP and CP associated with barium sulfate. The PC associated with iodoform showed solubility above the 3% recommended by ISO 6876/2001. All materials provided alkalinization and promoted calcium ion release. Conclusion: Bismuth carbonate and bismuth oxide provided proper initial setting time, solubility, pH, calcium ion release and radiopacity when combined with CP. .
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Obturação Retrógrada , Sulfato de Bário , Espectrofotômetros , Bismuthum Oxydatum , Iodoformium , Análise de Variância , Cimentos Dentários , Solubilidade , Materiais Dentários , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To develop and test a diabetes risk score to predict incident diabetes in an elderly Spanish Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A diabetes risk score was derived from a subset of 1381 nondiabetic individuals from three centres of the PREDIMED study (derivation sample). Multivariate Cox regression model ß-coefficients were used to weigh each risk factor. PREDIMED-personal Score included body-mass-index, smoking status, family history of type 2 diabetes, alcohol consumption and hypertension as categorical variables; PREDIMED-clinical Score included also high blood glucose. We tested the predictive capability of these scores in the DE-PLAN-CAT cohort (validation sample). The discrimination of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) and our scores was assessed with the area under curve (AUC). RESULTS: The PREDIMED-clinical Score varied from 0 to 14 points. In the subset of the PREDIMED study, 155 individuals developed diabetes during the 4.75-years follow-up. The PREDIMED-clinical score at a cutoff of ≥6 had sensitivity of 72.2%, and specificity of 72.5%, whereas AUC was 0.78. The AUC of the PREDIMED-clinical Score was 0.66 in the validation sample (sensitivityâ=â85.4%; specificityâ=â26.6%), and was significantly higher than the FINDRISC and the GDRS in both the derivation and validation samples. DISCUSSION: We identified classical risk factors for diabetes and developed the PREDIMED-clinical Score to determine those individuals at high risk of developing diabetes in elderly individuals at high cardiovascular risk. The predictive capability of the PREDIMED-clinical Score was significantly higher than the FINDRISC and GDRS, and also used fewer items in the questionnaire.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Região do Mediterrâneo/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a population receiving attention in primary care centers (PCC) we selected a random cohort of ostensibly normal subjects from the registers of 5 basic-health area (BHA) PCC. Diagnosis of MS was with the WHO, NCEP and IDF criteria. Variables recorded were: socio-demographic data, CVD risk factors including lipids, obesity, diabetes, blood pressure and smoking habit and a glucose tolerance test outcome. Of the 720 individuals selected (age 60.3 +/- 11.5 years), 431 were female, 352 hypertensive, 142 diabetic, 233 pre-diabetic, 285 obese, 209 dyslipemic and 106 smokers. CVD risk according to the Framingham and REGICOR calculation was 13.8 +/- 10% and 8.8 +/- 9.8%, respectively. Using the WHO, NCEP and IDF criteria, MS was diagnosed in 166, 210 and 252 subjects, respectively and the relative risk of CVD complications in MS subjects was 2.56. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the MS components (WHO set), the MS components (IDF set) and the female gender had an increased odds ratio for CVD of 3.48 (95CI%: 2.26-5.37), 2.28 (95%CI: 1.84-4.90) and 2.26 (95%CI: 1.48-3.47), respectively. We conclude that MS and concomitant CVD risk is high in ostensibly normal population attending primary care clinics, and this would necessarily impinge on resource allocation in primary care.