RESUMO
Background: Asbestos is a foremost occupational carcinogen globally. Despite the prohibition under Law 257/1992, Italy persists as one of the European nations most burdened by asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). This research assessed ARD cases in asbestos-exposed workers from the Province of Palermo, Italy, spanning 2010-2021. Methods: Data acquisition utilized the epidemiological dataset from the 'Service of Prevention and Safety on Work Environment' under the Prevention Department of Palermo's Local Health Authority (LHA). Results: Between 2010 and 2021, we identified 245 ARD instances, comprising 163 Asbestosis/Pleural plaques, 41 Lung Cancers, 38 Mesotheliomas, and 3 unspecified cases. Multivariate analysis indicated a notable decline in temporal exposure for mesothelioma (HR=0.933; 95% CI=0.902-0.965) and lung cancer (HR=0.93; 95% CI=0.90-0.978) relative to pleural plaques/asbestosis. Tobacco use displayed a pronounced correlation with lung cancer (smoker HR=64.520 95% CI=13,075-318.390; former smoker HR=20.917 95% CI=4,913-89.048). A significant link was observed between mesothelioma and pleural plaques/asbestosis in those employed in shipbuilding and repair (HR=0.371 95% CI=0.155-0.892). Conclusions: ARDs persist in clinical observations, even following the 1992 cessation of asbestos-related activities, emphasizing an enduring public health challenge. Enhancing prevention strategies is paramount, focusing on amplifying anamnestic and occupational data collection, thereby facilitating superior early diagnosis strategies for these maladies in the occupationally exposed cohort.
Assuntos
Amianto , Asbestose , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Asbestose/epidemiologia , Asbestose/etiologia , Amianto/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Idoso , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Mesotelioma/epidemiologia , Mesotelioma/etiologia , Adulto , Fatores de Tempo , Neoplasias Pleurais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pleurais/etiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of asbestos-related diseases in workers exposed to asbestos in the province of Palermo (Italy) from 2005 to 2009. Data were collected from medical records and from reports from the Prevention and Safety in the Workplace Unit of the provincial health authorities of and between Palermo. Multinomial logistic regression showed a significant association between tobacco smoke and lung cancer and between starting work at an early stage and presence of asbestosis and pleural plaques. Results confirm that over eighteen years after the entry into force of Law 257/1992, which established the cessation of all activities related to asbestos, asbestos-related diseases continue being observed in clinical practice and represent a serious public health problem.