RESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with a dismal prognosis, especially when diagnosed at advanced stages. Annexin A2 (ANXA2), is found to promote cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. However, the underlining mechanisms of ANXA2 in immune escape of HCC remain poorly understood up to now. Herein, we summarized the molecular function of ANXA2 in HCC and its relationship with prognosis. Furthermore, we tentatively elucidated the underlying mechanism of ANXA2 immune escape of HCC by upregulating the proportion of regulatory T cells and the expression of several inhibitory molecules, and by downregulating the proportion of natural killer cells and dendritic cells and the expression of several inhibitory molecules or effector molecules. We expect a lot of in-depth studies to further reveal the underlying mechanism of ANXA2 in immune escape of HCC in the future.
Assuntos
Anexina A2/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/imunologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/imunologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/imunologia , Evasão Tumoral , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Humanos , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Prognóstico , Ratos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
There is a close correlation between the interfacial activity and the adsorption of the surfactant at the interface, but the detailed molecular standard information was scarce. The interfacial activity of two traditional anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium oleate (OAS) were studied by experimental and computer simulation methods. With the spinning drop method and the suspension drop method, the interfacial tension of oil/aqueous surfactant systems was measured, and the influence of surfactant concentration and salinity on the interfacial tension was investigated. The dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method was used to simulate the adsorption of SDBS and OAS at the oil/water interface. It was shown that it is beneficial to decrease interfacial tension if the hydrophobic chains of the surfactant and the oil have similar structure. The accession of inorganic salts causes surfactant molecules to form more compact and ordered arrangements and helps to decrease the interfacial tension. There is an osculation relation between interfacial density and interfacial activity. The interfacial density calculated by molecular simulation is an effective parameter to exhibit the interfacial activity.