RESUMO
An 8-year-old 28-kg male castrated rough collie was evaluated for persistent chylothorax secondary to right atrial mass. Cardiac ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a right atrial intra- and extraluminal mass with partial obstruction of the cranial vena cava and secondary chylothorax. Vascular stent placement was elected to alleviate cranial vena cava obstruction and secondary chylothorax. An 18 mm × 180 mm self-expanding stent was deployed in the region of the stricture, spanning the cranial vena cava and right atrium. An intrathoracic drainage catheter and subcutaneous port were placed within the right hemithorax, and antiplatelet therapy was initiated. Four weeks later, the dog underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy. Three months following treatment, the dog was diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia and received antiarrhythmic therapy and antiangiogenic/antiproliferative medication (Palladia™). Subsequent evaluations confirmed the resolution of arrhythmia and pleural effusion. Combined vascular stent placement and stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of a right atrial intraluminal and extraluminal mass leading to cranial vena cava compression and subsequent chylothorax may lead to long-term survival. A good outcome was achieved in this patient due to resolution of pleural effusion, as well as cytoreduction and presumably delayed progression of tumor growth.
Assuntos
Quilotórax/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cardíacas/radioterapia , Radiocirurgia/veterinária , Stents/veterinária , Animais , Constrição Patológica/cirurgia , Constrição Patológica/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/radioterapia , Cães , Masculino , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The terminology applied to canine prostatic epithelial lesions, especially carcinomas, is currently not standardized and this hampers the ability of pathologists to study the biological and clinical significance of these lesions. The aim of this review is to present the essential histomorphological diagnostic attributes of a wide spectrum of prostatic epithelial lesions in dogs. In addition to the traditionally recognized prostatic hyperplasia, hormonal atrophy, prostatitis, squamous metaplasia, adenocarcinoma and transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma, new entities are described and discussed in order to provide veterinary pathologists with a basic atlas of common histological lesions of the canine prostate that is comprehensive and easy to use.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Próstata/patologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/veterinária , Neoplasias da Próstata/veterinária , Terminologia como Assunto , Animais , Cães , Masculino , Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and type of healing complications arising after the use of the caudal auricular axial pattern flap to close defects on the head in dogs and cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Multi-centre retrospective cohort study. Centres were recruited by the Association for Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery Research Cooperative. Medical records of 11 centres were reviewed, and data from all dogs and cats treated with a caudal auricular axial pattern flap were retrieved. The following data were recorded: signalment, reason for reconstruction, flap dimensions, anatomic landmarks used, histological diagnosis, flap healing and whether revision surgery was required. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases were included: 16 dogs and 12 cats. Flap length: width ratio was approximately 3:1 and flap length extended to the scapular spine in most cases. Optimal wound healing occurred in five of 16 (31%) dogs and six of 12 (50%) cats. Wound dehiscence without flap necrosis occurred in one of 16 (6%) dogs and one of 12 (8%) cats. Wound dehiscence with flap necrosis occurred in 10 of 16 (63%) dogs and five of 12 (42%) cats. Revision surgery was performed in eight of 16 (50%) dogs and three of 12 (25%) cats. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The caudal auricular axial pattern flap can provide full thickness skin coverage for large defects on the head in dogs and cats. Partial flap necrosis is a common complication, and revision surgery may be required in order to achieve final wound closure.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Animais , Gatos , Estudos de Coortes , Cães , Estudos Retrospectivos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prophylactic gastropexy has been promoted as a means of preventing gastric volvulus during gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) syndrome. Little is known about the impact of gastropexy on gastrointestinal transit time. HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy (LAG) will not alter gastrointestinal transit times when comparing gastric (GET), small and large bowel (SLBTT), and whole gut transit times (TTT) before and after surgery. ANIMALS: 10 healthy client-owned large-breed dogs. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial. Before surgery, all dogs underwent physical examination and diagnostic evaluation to ensure normal health status. Dogs were fed a prescription diet for 6 weeks before determination of gastrointestinal transit with a wireless motility capsule. LAG was then performed, and dogs were fed the diet for 6 additional weeks. Measurement of transit times was repeated 6 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Ten dogs of various breeds at-risk for GDV were enrolled. No complications were encountered associated with surgery or capsule administration. There were no significant differences in GET 429 [306-1,370] versus 541 [326-1,298] (P = 0.80), SLBTT 1,243 [841-3,070] versus 1,540 [756-2,623] (P = 0.72), or TTT 1,971 [1,205-3,469] versus 1,792 [1,234-3,343] minutes (median, range) (P = 0.65) before and after LAG. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: An effect of LAG on gastrointestinal transit time was not identified, and wireless motility capsule can be safely administered in dogs after LAG.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal , Gastropexia/veterinária , Volvo Gástrico/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Cães , Feminino , Gastropexia/efeitos adversos , Laparoscopia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Volvo Gástrico/prevenção & controle , Tecnologia sem FioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cancer cachexia in veterinary medicine has not been studied widely, and as of yet, no definitive diagnostic criteria effectively assess this syndrome in veterinary patients. OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the patterns of weight change in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with amputation and single-agent carboplatin during the course of adjuvant chemotherapy; and (2) to determine whether postoperative weight change is a negative prognostic indicator for survival time in dogs with osteosarcoma. ANIMALS: Eighty-eight dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma. Animals were accrued from 3 veterinary teaching hospitals. METHODS: Retrospective, multi-institutional study. Dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma and treated with limb amputation followed by a minimum of 4 doses of single-agent carboplatin were included. Data analyzed in each patient included signalment, tumor site, preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and body weight (kg) at each carboplatin treatment. RESULTS: A slight increase in weight occurred over the course of chemotherapy, but this change was not statistically significant. Weight change did not have a significant effect on survival. Institution, patient sex, and serum ALP activity did not have a significant effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Weight change was not a prognostic factor in these dogs, and weight loss alone may not be a suitable method of determining cancer cachexia in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Ósseas/veterinária , Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Osteossarcoma/veterinária , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Amputação Cirúrgica/veterinária , Animais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ósseas/mortalidade , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Cão/mortalidade , Cães , Extremidades/cirurgia , Feminino , Masculino , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Osteossarcoma/mortalidade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Experimental toxicological studies in laboratory animals and epidemiological human studies have reported a possible association between water fluoridation and osteosarcoma (OSA). To further explore this possibility, a case-control study of individual dogs evaluated by the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital was conducted using ecologic data on water fluoridation based on the owner's residence. The case group included 161 dogs with OSA diagnosed between 2008-2012. Two cancer control groups included dogs diagnosed with lymphoma (LSA) or hemangiosarcoma (HSA) during the same period (n = 134 and n = 145, respectively). Dogs with OSA were not significantly more likely to live in an area with optimized fluoride in the water than dogs with LSA or HSA. Additional analyses within OSA patients also revealed no significant differences in age, or skeletal distribution of OSA cases relative to fluoride status. Taken together, these analyses do not support the hypothesis that optimal fluoridation of drinking water contributes to naturally occurring OSA in dogs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Fluoretação/efeitos adversos , Osteossarcoma/veterinária , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Ósseas/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , Incidência , Masculino , Osteossarcoma/induzido quimicamente , Osteossarcoma/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical presentation, surgical treatment and outcomes of dogs with retrobulbar abscesses refractory to intra-oral lancing and antibiotics. METHODS: Medical records from January 2006 through September 2014 were reviewed and dogs with retrobulbar abscesses failing treatment with antibiotics and intra-oral lancing were included. Clinicopathologic, imaging and surgical details were extracted from the medical records. Referring veterinarians and owners were interviewed via telephone for follow-up data. RESULTS: A total of six dogs were included in the study. The most common clinical signs were pain upon opening of the mouth, exophthalmos and prolapsed nictitans. Computed tomography was performed in five dogs, ultrasound in four and magnetic resonance imaging in one. Imaging identified an abscess in all dogs, with a suspected foreign body in four dogs. Surgical approach was a modified lateral orbitotomy in five dogs. No foreign body was identified during surgery in all dog. All dogs surviving to discharge did not have recurrence of clinical signs (follow-up time range: 27 to 95 months). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dogs with retrobulbar abscesses refractory to standard therapy can experience long-term resolution of clinical signs with surgical treatment, most commonly via a modified lateral orbitotomy.
Assuntos
Abscesso/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Doenças Orbitárias/veterinária , Abscesso/cirurgia , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Órbita/cirurgia , Doenças Orbitárias/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Survival times and tumor responses associated with malignant neoplasia of the lower urinary tract are poor despite the vast array of current treatments. Therefore, the evaluation of alternative treatments, such as intraarterial administration of chemotherapy (IAC) should be considered. OBJECTIVE: To describe a technique for superselective catheterization for IAC and to evaluate initial tumor response by ultrasonography after both IAC and intravenous administration of chemotherapy (IVC). ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs with lower urinary tract neoplasia treated with either IVC (n = 15) or IAC (n = 11). METHODS: Retrospective study. An arterial approach via the carotid or femoral artery was utilized to obtain superselective access and administer chemotherapy in the IAC cases. Medical record review was performed, data were recorded, and recorded variables were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: Intraarterial chemotherapy was successfully administered in all cases. There was a significantly greater decrease in longest unidimensional measurement in the IAC group as compared to the IVC group (P = .013). The IAC group was also significantly more likely to have a tumor response as assessed by modified RECIST guidelines (P = .049). Dogs in the IAC group were significantly less likely to develop anemia (P = .001), lethargy (P = .010) and anorexia (P = .024). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of performing IAC for lower urinary tract neoplasia. Further investigation is necessary as the follow-up time was short and the impact on long-term outcome and survival was not determined.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Urológicas/veterinária , Administração Intravenosa/veterinária , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Artérias Carótidas , Cães , Feminino , Artéria Femoral , Infusões Intra-Arteriais/veterinária , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy (pHO) is known to occur in both canine and human cancer patients. While the pathology of pHO is well-described in the dog, very little information exists regarding the true clinical presentation of dogs affected with pHO. The primary objective of this study was to provide a more comprehensive clinical picture of pHO. To this end, we retrospectively identified 30 dogs and recorded data regarding presenting complaints and physical examination (PE) findings on the date of pHO diagnosis. As a secondary objective, any blood test results were also collected from the computerized records. The most common clinical signs included leg swelling, ocular discharge and/or episcleral injection, lameness, and lethargy. The most common haematological and serum biochemical abnormalities included anaemia, neutrophilia and elevated alkaline phosphatase. In addition to presenting a more detailed clinical description of pHO in the dog, these data support the previously described haematological, serum biochemical and PE abnormalities published in individual case reports.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Osteoartropatia Hipertrófica Secundária/veterinária , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/veterinária , Animais , Autopsia/veterinária , California , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Feminino , Coxeadura Animal/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária , Masculino , Neoplasias/complicações , Osteoartropatia Hipertrófica Secundária/sangue , Osteoartropatia Hipertrófica Secundária/diagnóstico , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/sangue , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/diagnóstico , Radiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Faculdades de Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
Histologic grade is an important prognostic factor for both local recurrence and metastatic potential with canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Pre-treatment biopsy with identification of tumour grade may aid in prognostication and determination of surgical margins necessary for local control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the grading accuracy of various pre-treatment biopsy techniques (wedge, punch, needle-core) for STS in dogs. Medical records of 68 dogs diagnosed with a STS via pre-treatment biopsy and confirmed by excisional biopsy were evaluated. The concordance in grade between excisional and pre-treatment biopsies was 59%. Of the 41% that lacked concordance, 29% of pre-treatment biopsies underestimated and 12% overestimated grade. The method of pre-treatment biopsy did not significantly effect grade concordance. Based on these data, needle-core biopsy appears to be similar in accuracy compared to open biopsy, however, grading determined by pre-treatment biopsy in general should be interpreted with caution.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Sarcoma/veterinária , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/veterinária , Animais , Biópsia/veterinária , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Gradação de Tumores , Sarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologiaRESUMO
Parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rare in dogs and there is little information documenting its treatment and prognosis. The objective of this study was to describe the outcome of dogs with PTC treated with surgical excision. Medical records of 19 dogs undergoing surgical excision of PTC between 1990 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Dogs were presented for clinical hypercalcaemia or incidental hypercalcaemia noted by referring veterinarians on routine serum chemistry profiles. A parathyroid nodule was identified with cervical ultrasound in 17/17 dogs. Hypercalcaemia resolved in 18/19 dogs within 4 days postoperatively. Nine developed hypocalcaemia. None were confirmed to develop recurrent or metastatic PTC. The only death associated with PTC was a dog that was euthanized for intractable hypocalcaemia 9 days after surgery. Estimated 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 72, 37 and 30%, respectively. Excision of PTC results in resolution of hypercalcaemia and excellent tumour control.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/veterinária , Animais , Carcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Hipercalcemia/complicações , Hipercalcemia/veterinária , Masculino , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/complicações , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/patologia , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Feline visceral hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is an uncommon tumor, and the clinical progression and outcome are rarely reported. HYPOTHESIS: The prognosis of feline visceral HSA is poor because of severe clinical signs, anemia, and a high rate of metastasis. ANIMALS: The medical records of 26 client-owned cats with visceral HSA were reviewed. METHODS: Multi-institutional retrospective study. RESULTS: The most common historical findings and clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, respiratory difficulty, collapse, and vocalizing. Eighty-two percent of cats were anemic, and aspartate transaminase was increased in 53% of the study population. Metastatic lung disease was noted in 33% of affected cats. In 75% of the cats, abdominal ultrasonography identified a specific location of HSA. However, ultrasound identification of all multifocal lesions was successful only in 3/9 cats (33%). Tumor location was identified in the following organs: liver (35%), small intestine (31%), large intestine (31%), abdominal lymph node (31%), mesentery (27%), spleen (23%), lung (19%), omentum (12%), brain (8%), pancreas (8%), and diaphragm (8%). Multifocal HSA was noted in 77% of cats. Three cats received adjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin). Seventy-one percent of euthanized cats were euthanized within 1 day of diagnosis. The median survival time of the remaining cats (n = 6) was 77 days (range, 23-296 days). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Feline visceral HSA is most often multifocal at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis appears poor, and the number of cats receiving chemotherapy is low.