Classics in abdominal imaging: the "Lollipop sign" of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

A 58-year-old female was diagnosed with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). The intrahepatic lesion exhibited a "Lollipop sign," associated with capsular retraction. On the PET/CT, there are multiple lesions in the lungs with variable high and low FDG uptake, and focal calcifications are present on CT. Additionally, destruction of the thoracic vertebrae has been observed.

The nuclear export protein exportin-1 in solid malignant tumours: From biology to clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Exportin-1 (XPO1), a crucial protein regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers, driving tumor progression and drug resistance. This makes XPO1 an attractive therapeutic target. Over the past few decades, the number of available nuclear export-selective inhibitors has been increasing. Only KPT-330 (selinexor) has been successfully used for treating haematological malignancies, and KPT-8602 (eltanexor) has been used for treating haematologic tumours in clinical trials. However, the use of nuclear export-selective inhibitors for the inhibition of XPO1 expression has yet to be thoroughly investigated in clinical studies and therapeutic outcomes for solid tumours. METHODS: We collected numerous literatures to explain the efficacy of XPO1 Inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies of a wide range of solid tumours. RESULTS: In this review, we focus on the nuclear export function of XPO1 and results from clinical trials of its inhibitors in solid malignant tumours. We summarized the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of XPO1 inhibitors, as well as adverse effects and response biomarkers. CONCLUSION: XPO1 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in the fight against cancer, offering a novel approach to targeting tumorigenic processes and overcoming drug resistance. SINE compounds have demonstrated efficacy in a wide range of solid tumours, and ongoing research is focused on optimizing their use, identifying response biomarkers, and developing effective combination therapies. KEY POINTS: Exportin-1 (XPO1) plays a critical role in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle. XPO1 dysfunction promotes tumourigenesis and drug resistance within solid tumours. The therapeutic potential and ongoing researches on XPO1 inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumours. Additional researches are essential to address safety concerns and identify biomarkers for predicting patient response to XPO1 inhibitors.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of bone revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT: a case report with literature review.

A 50-year-old male presented with neck and shoulder pain. Chest CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed osteolytic bone destruction in the left first rib and thoracic vertebrae with increased FDG uptake. Rib biopsy pathology indicated desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT).18F-FDG PET/CT can accurately locate the distribution of DSRCT and further guide the location of needle biopsy to assist the DSRCT.

Understanding the role of DNA methylation in colorectal cancer: Mechanisms, detection, and clinical significance.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, ranking third in incidence and second in mortality. Remarkably, early stage localized CRC has a 5-year survival rate of over 90%; in stark contrast, the corresponding 5-year survival rate for metastatic CRC (mCRC) is only 14%. Compounding this problem is the staggering lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Beyond genetic mutations, which have been identified as critical instigators of CRC initiation and progression, the importance of epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), cannot be underestimated, given that DNAm can be used for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognostic evaluation. This review addresses the intricate mechanisms governing aberrant DNAm in CRC and its profound impact on critical oncogenic pathways. In addition, a comprehensive review of the various techniques used to detect DNAm alterations in CRC is provided, along with an exploration of the clinical utility of cancer-specific DNAm alterations.

Global and regional epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: A comprehensive systematic analysis and modelling study.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a comprehensive analysis and modelling of the global epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in patients with psoriasis. METHODS: We reviewed and analysed PsA epidemiology studies over the past 45 years. A Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed model was developed to provide comprehensive age- and sex-specific epidemiologic estimates in different countries and regions. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty-three studies were systematically reviewed. The incidence of PsA in patients with psoriasis varied from 2.31 per 1000 person-years in the United Kingdom to 74.00 per 1000 person-years in several Western European countries. The global prevalence of PsA in patients with psoriasis is estimated to be 17.58% (3.33%, 43.69%). Regionally, the overall prevalence of PsA in patients with psoriasis varies from 7.62% (4.18%, 12.28%) in Australasia to 26.59% (18.89%, 35.76%) in North America. The Caribbean and Central Latin America also have relatively high prevalence and are estimated at 23.14% (14.06%, 35.17%) and 22.81% (14.36%, 32.25%), respectively. The prevalence of PsA is higher in adults than children (23.93% vs 8.59%) and also slightly higher in females than males (19.14% vs 16.01%). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable insights into the global epidemiology of PsA. It also serves as a useful resource for researchers in areas lacking relevant studies. These findings have important implications for clinicians managing the course of PsA and for health policymakers in resource allocation.

Cascade Dual Sites Modulate Local CO Coverage and Hydrogen-Binding Strength to Boost CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene.

Rationally modulating the binding strength of reaction intermediates on surface sites of copper-based catalysts could facilitate C-C coupling to generate multicarbon products in an electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Herein, theoretical calculations reveal that cascade Ag-Cu dual sites could synergistically increase local CO coverage and lower the kinetic barrier for CO protonation, leading to enhanced asymmetric C-C coupling to generate C2H4. As a proof of concept, the Cu3N-Ag nanocubes (NCs) with Ag located in partial Cu sites and a Cu3N unit center are successfully synthesized. The Faraday efficiency and partial current density of C2H4 over Cu3N-Ag NCs are 7.8 and 9.0 times those of Cu3N NCs, respectively. In situ spectroscopies combined with theoretical calculations confirm that Ag sites produce CO and Cu sites promote asymmetric C-C coupling to *COCHO, significantly enhancing the generation of C2H4. Our work provides new insights into the cascade catalysis strategy at the atomic scale for boosting CO2 to multicarbon products.

Primary Surgery Followed by Selective Chemoradiotherapy Versus Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to determine whether locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with negative mesorectal fascia (MRF) predicted by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be excluded from preoperative radiation therapy treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized clinical trial enrolled patients with LARC within 6 to 12 cm from the anal verge and with negative MRI-predicted MRF. Participants were randomized to the intervention group (primary surgery, in which the patients with positive pathologic [CRM] circumferential margins were subjected to chemoradiotherapy [CRT] and those with negative CRM underwent adjuvant chemotherapy according to pathologic staging) or the control group (preoperative CRT, in which all patients underwent subsequent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy). The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: A total of 275 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 140) and control (n = 135) groups, in which 33.57% and 28.15% patients were at clinical T4 stage and 85.92% and 80.45% patients were at "bad" or "ugly" risk in the intervention and control groups, respectively. There were 2 patients (1.52%) and 1 patient (0.77%) with positive CRM in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P > .05). The non-adherence rates for the intervention and control groups were 3.6% and 23.7%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 34.6 months (IQR, 18.2-45.7), 43 patients had positive events (28 patients and 15 patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively). There were 6 patients (4.4%) with local recurrence in the intervention group and none in the control group, which led to the termination of the trial. The 3-year DFS rate was 81.82% in the intervention group (95% CI, 78.18%-85.46%) and 85.37% in the control group (95% CI, 81.75%-88.99%), with a difference of -3.55% (95% CI, -3.71% to -3.39%; hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.94-3.30). In the per-protocol data set, the difference between 3-year DFS rates was -5.44% (95% CI, -5.63% to -5.25%; hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.01-4.06). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the outcomes of this trial, in patients with LARC and MRI-negative MRF, primary surgery could negatively influence their DFS rates. Therefore, primary surgery was an inferior strategy compared with preoperative CRT followed by surgery and cannot be recommended for patients with LARC.

Mechanism of the noncatalytic oxidation of soot using in situ transmission electron microscopy.

Soot generation is a major challenge in industries. The elimination of soot is particularly crucial to reduce pollutant emissions and boost carbon conversion. The mechanisms for soot oxidation are complex, with quantified models obtained under in situ conditions still missing. We prepare soot samples via noncatalytic partial oxidation of methane. Various oxidation models are established based on the results of in situ transmission electron microscopy experiments. A quantified maturity parameter is proposed and used to categorize the soot particles according to the nanostructure at various maturity levels, which in turn lead to different oxidation mechanisms. To tackle the challenges in the kinetic analysis of soot aggregates, a simplification model is proposed and soot oxidation rates are quantified. In addition, a special core-shell separation model is revealed through in situ analysis and kinetic studies. In this study, we obtain important quantified models for soot oxidation under in situ conditions.

A WGCNA-based cancer-associated fibroblast risk signature in colorectal cancer for prognosis and immunotherapy response.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are notably involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment failure. In this article, we report the in silico development of a CAF-related prognostic signature for CRC. Methods: We separately downloaded CRC transcription data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Deconvolution algorithms, including Estimating the Proportions of Immune and Cancer Cells and the Microenvironment Cell Population-counter, were used to calculate CAF abundance, while the Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression algorithm was used to calculate the stromal score. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm were used to identify CAF-related genes and prognostic signatures. Results: We identified a three-gene, prognostic, CAF-related signature and defined risk groups based on the Riskscores. Multidimensional validations were applied to evaluate the robustness of the signature and its correlation with clinical parameters. We utilized Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) and oncoPredict algorithms to predict therapy responses and found that patients in low-risk groups are more sensitive to immunotherapy and chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. Finally, we used the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Human Protein Atlas databases to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels encoded by the signature genes. Conclusions: This novel CAF-related three-gene signature is expected to become a potential prognostic biomarker in CRC and predict chemotherapy and immunotherapy responses. It may be of considerable value for studying the tumor microenvironment in CRC.

Association between dietary factors and colorectal serrated polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dietary factors may affect the incidence of colorectal serrated polyps (SP). However, its effects on SP are unclear as epidemiological studies on this topic have showed inconsistent results. The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of dietary factors on SPs. Methods: Studies regarding the association between dietary factors and SPs were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Chinese Biomedical Literature database from inception until 27 February 2023. Search terms include serrated, hyperplastic, adenoma, polyps, colorectal, rectal, rectum and risk. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. The meta-analysis was conducted by using a random-effects model, and the pooled effects were expressed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Probable sources of heterogeneity were identified through meta-regression. Subgroup analysis were based on lesion types, study designs, countries, and so on. Results: 28 studies were ultimately eligible after scanning, and five dietary factors including vitamin D, calcium, folate, fiber and red or processed meat were excerpted. Higher intakes of vitamin D (OR = 0.95, 95%CI:0.90-1.02), calcium (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.91-1.03) and folate (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.6-1.13) were not significantly associated with SP. Fiber intake (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99) was a protective factor against SPs. Red meat intake increased the risk of SPs by 30% for the highest versus lowest intakes (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.51). For different lesion types, higher folate intake was associated with a decreased risk of HPs (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.44-0.79), and higher vitamin D intake decreased the risk of SPs including SSA/P (OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.88-0.98). Conclusions: Higher dietary fiber intake plays an effective role in preventing SP, while red meat intake is associated with an increased risk of SP. This evidence provides guidance for us to prevent SP from a dietary perspective. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, RecordID=340750.

Comparison of Cold-Sprayed Coatings of Copper-Based Composite Deposited on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy and 6061 T6 Aluminum Alloy Substrates.

Copper-coated graphite and copper mixture powders were deposited on AZ31B magnesium alloy and 6061 T6 aluminum alloy substrates under different process parameters by a solid-state cold spray technique. The microstructure of the copper-coated graphite and copper composite coatings was visually examined using photographs taken with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The surface roughness of the coatings was investigated with a 3D profilometer. The thickness of the coatings was determined through the analysis of the microstructure images, while the adhesion of the coatings was characterized using the scratch test method. The results indicate that the surface roughness of the coatings sprayed on the two different substrates gradually decreases as gas temperature and gas pressure increase. Additionally, the thickness and adhesion of the coatings deposited on the two different substrates both increase with an increase in gas temperature and gas pressure. Comparing the surface roughness, thickness, and adhesion of the coatings deposited on the two different substrates, the surface roughness and adhesion of the coatings on the soft substrate are greater than those of the coatings on the hard substrate, while the thickness of the coatings is not obviously affected by the hardness of the substrate. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the surface roughness, thickness, and adhesion of the copper-coated graphite and copper composite coatings sprayed on the two different substrates exhibit a distinct linear relationship with particle velocity.

SIRT3 alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis through deacetylation of XBP1s and modulation of TLR7/8 inducing IL-23 production in macrophages.

Current evidence suggests that IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Although it has been established that Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) mediates the inflammatory process, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Herein, we substantiated that the inhibition or deletion of SIRT3 increased the acetylation level of spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XPB1s), enhancing its transcriptional activity and IL-23a production. Pharmacologically inhibition of XBP1s with MKC8866 downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in SIRT3-inhibited or Sirt3-KO BMDMs stimulated by IMQ. Inhibition or knockdown of SIRT3 could exacerbate psoriasis-like skin inflammation in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Besides, a decrease in SIRT3 expression was observed in the macrophages of psoriasis patients, which increased the expression and acetylation level of XBP1s. Overall, we provide compelling evidence of the crucial role of SIRT3 in the IL-23 axis in psoriatic inflammation and novel molecular insights into the anti-inflammatory effects of SIRT3.

Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in Chinese population with psoriasis: A multicenter study conducted by experienced rheumatologists.

BACKGROUND: Reports on the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) among Chinese patients with psoriasis are very limited. This study, conducted by rheumatologists, estimated the prevalence of PsA in a large number of Chinese patients with psoriasis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis attending nine dermatology clinics in five hospitals were recruited. All psoriasis patients were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising 16 questions to identify possible cases of PsA. All patients with one or more positive answers to the questionnaire were evaluated by two experienced rheumatologists. RESULTS: A total of 2434 psoriasis patients, including 1561 males and 873 females, were enrolled. Both the questionnaire and rheumatologists' examinations were completed in the dermatology clinics. The results identified 252 patients with PsA, comprising 168 males and 84 females. The overall prevalence of PsA among psoriasis patients was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 9.1%-11.7%). By sex, the prevalence was 10.8% (95% CI, 9.2%-12.5%) for males and 9.6% (95% CI, 7.7%-11.9%) for females and there was no significant sex difference in the prevalence of PsA (P = 0.38). Of the 252 PsA patients, 125 (49.6%, 95% CI, 41.3%-59.1%) were newly diagnosed by rheumatologists. Consequently, the prevalence of undiagnosed PsA among psoriasis patients was 5.2% (95% CI, 4.4%-6.2%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PsA in the Chinese population with psoriasis is about 10.4%, which is almost double that of previous reports in the Chinese population, but lower than that in Caucasians.

CeO2/Cu2O/Cu Tandem Interfaces for Efficient Water-Gas Shift Reaction Catalysis.

Metal-oxide interfaces on Cu-based catalysts play very important roles in the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction (LT-WGSR). However, developing catalysts with abundant, active, and robust Cu-metal oxide interfaces under LT-WGSR conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report the successful development of an inverse copper-ceria catalyst (Cu@CeO2), which exhibited very high efficiency for the LT-WGSR. At a reaction temperature of 250 °C, the LT-WGSR activity of the Cu@CeO2 catalyst was about three times higher than that of a pristine Cu catalyst without CeO2. Comprehensive quasi-in situ structural characterizations indicated that the Cu@CeO2 catalyst was rich in CeO2/Cu2O/Cu tandem interfaces. Reaction kinetics studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Cu+/Cu0 interfaces were the active sites for the LT-WGSR, while adjacent CeO2 nanoparticles play a key role in activating H2O and stabilizing the Cu+/Cu0 interfaces. Our study highlights the role of the CeO2/Cu2O/Cu tandem interface in regulating catalyst activity and stability, thus contributing to the development of improved Cu-based catalysts for the LT-WGSR.

ATB0,+-targeted nanoparticles initiate autophagy suppression to overcome chemoresistance for enhanced colorectal cancer therapy.

Oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance remains the major obstacle to the successful chemotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). As a self-protection mechanism, autophagy may contribute to tumor drug resistance, therefore autophagy suppression could be regarded as a possible treatment option in chemotherapy. Cancer cells, especially drug-resistant tumor cells, increase their demand for specific amino acids by expanding exogenous supply and up-regulating de novo synthesis, to meet the needs for excessive proliferation. Therefore, it is possible to inhibit cancer cell proliferation through pharmacologically blocking the entry of amino acid into cancer cells. SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) is an essential amino acid transporter, that is often abnormally up-regulated in most cancer cells. Herein, in this study, we designed oxaliplatin/berbamine-coloaded, ATB0,+-targeted nanoparticles ((O + B)@Trp-NPs) to therapeutically target SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) and inhibit cancer proliferation. The (O + B)@Trp-NPs utilize the surface-modified tryptophan to achieve SLC6A14-targeted delivery of Berbamine (BBM), a compound that is found in a number of plants used in traditional Chinese medicine, which could suppress autolysosome formation though impairing autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We verified the feasibility of this strategy to overcome the OXA resistance during colorectal cancer treatment. The (O + B)@Trp-NPs significantly inhibited the proliferation and decreased the drug resistance of resistant colorectal cancer cells. In vivo, (O + B)@Trp-NPs greatly suppressed the tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice, which is consistent with the in vitro data. This research offers a unique and promising chemotherapeutic treatment for colorectal cancer.

A Biomimetic Nanoparticle Exerting Protection against Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing CYP2E1 Activity and Scavenging Excessive ROS.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver disease caused by many reasons. One of them is the overdosed acetaminophen (APAP), which is metabolized into N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), an excessive toxic metabolite, by CYP2E1, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), exhausted glutathione (GSH), and thereafter hepatocyte necrosis. N-acetylcysteine is the Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for detoxification of APAP, but it has limited clinical application due to the short therapeutic time window and concentration-related adverse effects. In this study, a carrier-free and bilirubin dotted nanoparticle (B/BG@N) is developed, which is formed using bilirubin and 18ß-Glycyrrhetinic acid, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is then adsorbed to mimic the in vivo behavior of the conjugated bilirubin for hitchhiking. The results demonstrate that B/BG@N can effectively reduce the production of NAPQI as well as exhibit antioxidant effects against intracellular oxidative stress via regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signal axis and reducing the production of inflammatory factors. In vivo study shows that B/BG@N can effectively improve the clinical symptom of the mice model. This study suggests that B/BG@N own increases circulation half-life, improves accumulation in the liver, and dual detoxification, providing a promising strategy for clinical ALF treatment.

Tuning the Microenvironment in Monolayer MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide for CO2 -to-Ethylene Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media.

The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide provides a feasibility to achieve a carbon-neutral energy cycle. However, there are a number of bottleneck issues to be resolved before industrial application, such as the low conversion efficiency, selectivity and reaction rate, etc. Engineering local environment is a critical way to address these challenges. Here, a monolayer MgAl-LDH was proposed to optimize the local environment of Cu for stimulating industrial-current-density CO2 -to-C2 H4 electroreduction in neutral media. In situ spectroscopic results and theoretical study demonstrated that the Cu electrode modified by MgAl-LDH (MgAl-LDH/Cu) displayed a much higher surface pH value compared to the bare Cu, which could be attributed to the decreased energy barrier for hydrolysis on MgAl-LDH sites with more OH- ions on the surface of the electrode. As a result, MgAl-LDH/Cu achieved a C2 H4 Faradaic efficiency of 55.1 % at a current density up to 300 mA cm-2 in 1.0 M KHCO3 electrolyte.