The Use of Surgical Splints in Orthognathic Surgery: A Bibliometric Study.

Introduction Orthognathic surgeries require the use of surgical splints (SS) to stabilize the occlusion and the segments fixed with plates and screws. Technological advances in the field of computing and the possibility of generating three-dimensional (3D) images have brought different possibilities for making SS, which has generated greater predictability and customization of surgical plans. The bibliometric study can have a qualitative character through the scope of articles in a certain area of knowledge. It is a selection process that can track a topic or scientific production. Methods The present study aimed to carry out a bibliometric literature review, in order to assess the evolution of the use of SS and the different planning protocols in orthognathic surgery. The Scopus database was used, with the terms "splint" and "orthognathic surgery." Results A total of 331 articles were found. These were exported to Rayyan for application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and selection of articles. A total of 76 references were selected and exported to the VOSviewer application for the analysis of bibliometric data. Conclusions Orthognathic surgery was initially not associated with any computerized technological resource; however, it underwent updates between the years 2010 to 2012. These advances allowed surgical planning to become faster, cheaper, and more accurate.

Protective mechanisms of simvastatin in experimental periodontal disease.

BACKGROUND: Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug whose pleiotropic effects may have a therapeutic impact on bone. This study evaluates the effect of simvastatin on rats subjected to experimental periodontal disease. METHODS: Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the maxillary left second molar of rats for 11 days. Groups of six animals received oral saline or simvastatin (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day) until sacrifice on day 11. Alveolar bone loss was determined by macroscopic and histologic examination. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total alkaline phosphatase (TAP) were evaluated. Gingival myeloperoxidase activity and gingival levels of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10, reduced glutathione, malonaldehyde, and nitrate/nitrite were analyzed to investigate oxidative stress and inflammation. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 8 (MMP-1 and -8), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were also investigated by immunohistochemistry to assess bone turnover and metabolism. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to confirm the expression of RANKL in rats' maxillae. RESULTS: Treatment with simvastatin improved alveolar bone loss within all of the parameters studied, thus demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Simvastatin reduced expression of iNOS, MMP-1 and -8, RANK, and RANKL and increased BMP-2 and OPG levels in the periodontal tissue. Simvastatin (30 mg/kg) increased TAP activity on day 11 compared with the saline group. No differences were found in the levels of AST and ALT in any of the groups studied. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that simvastatin prevents inflammatory bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, which may be mediated by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Análise de flúor em enxaguatórios bucais encontrados no comércio brasileiro e o uso de eletrodo íon-específico / Analysis of fluorine in mouthrinses found in the Brazilian marketplace and the utilization of an ion-specific electrode

A condiçäo mínima para que produtos comerciais tenham potencial anticárie é a presença de uma concentraçäo significativa de flúor solúvel nos mesmos. Considerando-se que essa condiçäo é inclusive regulamentada por lei, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo primário analisar as concentraçöes de íon flúor de sete marcas comerciais de enxaguatórios bucais. Para isso utilizou-se um eletrodo específico para flúor Orion 96-09 acoplado a um analisador de íons Orion EA 940, ambos previamente calibrados, sendo o objetivo secundário deste trabalho descrever operacionalmente a realizaçäo dessa análise. Os resultados encontrados (média ñ dp; n = 3) de íon flúor (ppm) foram: Kolynos Flúor© - 213,3 ñ 9,0; Fluordent© - 223,7 ñ 1,7; Plax Kids© - 229,1 ñ 3,8; Cepacol Júnior© - 218,6 ñ 1,1; Sorriso Herbal© - 220,6 ñ 6,5; Fresh Breath Menta© - 88,7 ñ 1,1; Fresh Breath Menta Azul© - 88,0 ñ 3,7. Os resultados mostraram que apenas os enxaguatórios da marca Fresh Breath estavam em desacordo com a Portaria nº 29 de 28 de agosto de 2000 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e que a técnica de análise com eletrodo íon-específico é precisa e exata