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Coordinated and harmonic (synchronous) ventricular electrical activation is essential for better left ventricular systolic function. Intraventricular conduction abnormalities, such as left bundle branch block due to artificial cardiac pacing, lead to electromechanical "dyssynchronopathy" with deleterious structural and clinical consequences. The aim of this review was to describe and improve the understanding of all the processes connecting the several mechanisms involved in the development of artificially induced ventricular dyssynchrony by cardiac pacing, most known as pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PiCM). The chronic effect of abnormal impulse conduction and nonphysiological ectopic activation by artificial cardiac pacing is suspected to affect metabolism and myocardial perfusion, triggering regional differences in the activation/contraction processes that cause electrical and structural remodeling due to damage, inflammation, and fibrosis of the cardiac tissue. The effect of artificial cardiac pacing on ventricular function and structure can be multifactorial, and biological factors underlying PiCM could affect the time and probability of developing the condition. PiCM has not been included in the traditional classification of cardiomyopathies, which can hinder detection. This article reviews the available evidence for pacing-induced cardiovascular disease, the current understanding of its pathophysiology, and reinforces the adverse effects of right ventricular pacing, especially right ventricular pacing burden (commonly measured in percentage) and its repercussion on ventricular contraction (reflected by the impact on left ventricular systolic function). These effects might be the main defining criteria and determining mechanisms of the pathophysiology and the clinical repercussion seen on patients.
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Cardiomiopatias , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Cardiomiopatias/etiologia , Cardiomiopatias/terapia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/efeitos adversos , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Arritmias CardíacasRESUMO
Resumo Os limites da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) para a insuficiência cardíaca (IC) com FEVE levemente reduzida (ICFElr) têm sido questionados, já que evidências demonstram que alguns medicamentos utilizados para IC com FEVE <40% (ICFEr) demonstram eficácia também em populações com FEVE < 60%. Objetivo do estudo foi comparar a sobrevida total e cardiovascular de pacientes com IC com FEVE 40-59% com paciente com ICFEr e IC com FEVE ≥ 60%. Foram incluídos pacientes com IC descompensada que preencheram os critérios diagnósticos de Framingham na admissão hospitalar entre 2009 e 2011. Os pacientes foram divididos em ICFEr, IC com FEVE 40-59% e IC com FEVE ≥ 60%. O método de Kaplan-Meier foi usado para detectar a sobrevida geral e cardiovascular em 10 anos. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p <0,05. Foram incluídos 400 pacientes, com idade média de 69 ± 14 anos. A sobrevida cardiovascular nos pacientes com IC e FEVE 40-59% não foi diferente em comparação aos pacientes com ICFEr [Hazard Ratio (HR) ajustado 0,86 - Intervalo de Confiança (IC) 95% 0,61-1,22; Ptrend = NS], mas foi estatisticamente diferente em comparação aos com FEVE ≥ 60% (HR ajustado = 0,64 - IC95% 0,44-0,94; Ptrend = 0,023). Não houve diferença na taxa de sobrevida de 10 anos entre diferentes grupos de FEVE. O grupo de pacientes com IC e FEVE ≥ 60% teve maior sobrevida cardiovascular que os outros grupos.
Abstract Definitions of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) cut-off values for HF with mildly reduced LVEF (HFmrEF) have been a subject of debate, in the face of evidence that some drugs used in the treatment of HF with LFEV < 40% (HFrEF) are also effective in patients with LVEF < 60%. The aim of this study was to compare overall survival and cardiovascular survival in HF patients with LVEF of 40-59% in patients with HFrEF and HF with LVEF ≥ 60%. Patients with decompensated HF who met the Framingham diagnostic criteria at hospital admission between 2009 and 2011 were included. Patients were divided into HFrEF, HF with LVEF 40-59%, and HF with LVEF ≥ 60%. The Kaplan-Meier was used to determine ten-year overall survival and cardiovascular survival. The statistical significance was established at p<0.05. A total of 400 patients were included, with a mean age of 69 ± 14 years. Cardiovascular survival in patients with HF and LVEF of 40-59% was not significantly different than in patients with HFrEF (adjusted Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.86; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.61-1.22, Ptrend = NS), but was statistically different compared with patients with LVEF ≥ 60% (adjusted HR of 0.64; 95% CI 0.44-0.94, Ptrend = 0.023). No difference was found in 10-year survival between the LVEF groups. Patients with HF and LVEF ≥ 60% had significantly higher cardiovascular survival compared with the other groups.
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ABSTRACT Coordinated and harmonic (synchronous) ventricular electrical activation is essential for better left ventricular systolic function. Intraventricular conduction abnormalities, such as left bundle branch block due to artificial cardiac pacing, lead to electromechanical "dyssynchronopathy" with deleterious structural and clinical consequences. The aim of this review was to describe and improve the understanding of all the processes connecting the several mechanisms involved in the development of artificially induced ventricular dyssynchrony by cardiac pacing, most known as pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PiCM). The chronic effect of abnormal impulse conduction and nonphysiological ectopic activation by artificial cardiac pacing is suspected to affect metabolism and myocardial perfusion, triggering regional differences in the activation/contraction processes that cause electrical and structural remodeling due to damage, inflammation, and fibrosis of the cardiac tissue. The effect of artificial cardiac pacing on ventricular function and structure can be multifactorial, and biological factors underlying PiCM could affect the time and probability of developing the condition. PiCM has not been included in the traditional classification of cardiomyopathies, which can hinder detection. This article reviews the available evidence for pacing-induced cardiovascular disease, the current understanding of its pathophysiology, and reinforces the adverse effects of right ventricular pacing, especially right ventricular pacing burden (commonly measured in percentage) and its repercussion on ventricular contraction (reflected by the impact on left ventricular systolic function). These effects might be the main defining criteria and determining mechanisms of the pathophysiology and the clinical repercussion seen on patients.
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Abstract Objectives: To measure Quality of Life (QoL) and costs of Heart Failure (HF) outpatients in Brazil as an introduction to the Value-Based Health Care (VBHC) concept. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, patients with HF, with ejection fraction <50%, were recruited from three hospitals in Brazil. Two QoL (36-Item Short Form Survey [SF-36] and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire [MLHFQ]) and two anxiety/depression questionnaires were applied. SF-36 scores were stratified by domains. Treatment costs were calculated using the Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) method. Results were stratified by NYHA functional class and sex. Results: From October 2018 to January 2021, 198 patients were recruited, and the median MLHFQ (49.5 [IQR 21.0, 69.0]) and SF-36 scores demonstrated poor QoL, worse at higher NYHA classes. A third of patients had moderate/severe depression and anxiety symptoms, and women had higher anxiety scores. Mean costs of outpatient follow-up were US$ 215 ± 238 for NYHA I patients, US$ 296 ± 399 for NYHA II and US$ 667 ± 1012 for NYHA III/IV. Lab/exam costs represented 30% of the costs in NYHA I, and 74% in NYHA III/IV (US $ 63.26 vs. US$ 491.05). Conclusion: Patients with HF in Brazil have poor QoL and high treatment costs; both worsen as the NYHA classification increases. It seems that HF has a greater impact on the mental health of women. Costs increase mostly related to lab/exams. Accurate and crossed information about QoL and costs is essential to drive care and reimbursement strategies based on value.
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Abstract Background Decreased walking ability in patients with peripheral arterial disease is often a clinical problem and limits the quality of life and daily activities of these subjects. physical exercise is important in this scenario, as it improves both the daily walking distance and the ability to withstand intermittent claudication related to the limitations of the peripheral disease. Objectives Our aim was to compare the effects of two types of exercise training (aerobic training and aerobic training combined with resistance exercises) on pain-free walking distance (PFWD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample composed of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods Twenty patients with claudication symptoms were randomized to either aerobic control (AC) N= 9, or combined training (CT) N= 8, (24 sixty-minute sessions, twice a week). The total walking distance until onset of pain due to claudication was assessed using the 6-minute walk test and HRQoL was measured using the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire (general and specific domains) at baseline and after training. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess the differences between groups for the PFWD and HRQoL domains, testing the main group and time effects and their respective interaction effects. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Seventeen patients (mean age 63±9 years; 53% male) completed the study. Both groups experienced improvement in claudication, as reflected by a significant increase in PFWD: AC, 149 m to 299 m (P<0.001); CT, 156 m to 253 m (P<0.001). HRQoL domains also improved similarly in both groups (physical capacity, psychological aspects, and self-reported quality of life; P=0.001, P=0.003, and P=0.011 respectively). Conclusions Both aerobic and combined training similarly improved PFWD and HRQoL in PAD patients. There are no advantages in adding strength training to conventional aerobic training. This study does not support the conclusion that combined training is a good strategy for these patients when compared with classic training.
Resumo Contexto A diminuição da capacidade de marcha em pacientes com doença arterial periférica é frequentemente um problema clínico e limita a qualidade de vida e as atividades diárias desses indivíduos. O exercício físico é importante nesse cenário, pois melhora tanto a distância caminhada diária quanto a capacidade de suportar a claudicação intermitente relacionada às limitações da doença periférica. Objetivos Comparar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbico (TA) e do treinamento aeróbico combinado com exercícios de resistência (TC) na distância percorrida livre de dor (DPLD) e na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP). Métodos Vinte pacientes com sintomas de claudicação foram randomizados para TA ou TC. Os treinamentos foram realizados em 24 sessões, duas vezes por semana. A DPLD foi avaliada por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, e a QVRS foi medida pelo instrumento da avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF), no início e após o treinamento. Para avaliar as diferenças entre os grupos para DPLD e os domínios da QVRS, foi utilizado o modelo de equações de estimativa generalizada, testando os efeitos principais do grupo e tempo, bem como os respectivos efeitos de interação. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Dezessete pacientes (idade média: 63±9 anos; 53% do sexo masculino) completaram o estudo. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora na claudicação, refletida por um aumento significativo na DPLD: grupo controle aeróbico - de 149 m para 299 m (P < 0,001); grupo de treinamento combinado - de 156 m para 253 m (P < 0,001). Os domínios da QVRS também melhoraram de forma semelhante em ambos os grupos (capacidade física, aspectos psicológicos e qualidade de vida autorreferida; P = 0,001, P = 0,003 e P = 0,011, respectivamente). Conclusões Ambos os treinamentos melhoraram de forma semelhante a DPLD e a QVRS em pacientes com DAP. Não há vantagens em associar o treinamento de força ao treinamento aeróbico convencional. O estudo não permite concluir que o TC é uma boa estratégia para esses pacientes quando comparado ao treinamento clássico.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome resultante de defeitos estruturais e funcionais da bomba cardíaca, mais de 80% dos pacientes são idosos, com diversas comorbidades associadas. A demência é definida por qualquer desordem onde o declínio significativo do nível prévio de cognição do paciente interfere em sua independência e funcionamento social, doméstico ou ocupacional. A relação entre o comprometimento cognitivo leve e a IC já é bem estabelecida na literatura, porém estudos recentes apontam uma possível relação da IC na patogênese e no agravo da demência. OBJETIVOS: Classificar a limitação funcional de voluntários com IC com fração de ejeção preservada (FEp) e realizar o teste Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) de memória para analisar se há associação entre as limitações funcionais da IC e o deterioramento cognitivo do paciente. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, foram avaliados 27 pacientes com história de ICFEp no ambulatório de Insuficiência Cardíaca do Hospital da Universidade Luterana do Brasil. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 27 pacientes, com idade média de 72.4 anos, sendo 18 (66.6%) do sexo feminino, 24 (88.8%) obtiveram escore no MoCA inferior a 26, sendo a média da escala 20.4. Entre os 27 pacientes, quatro apresentavam classe funcional NYHA I, 15 NYHA II, 3 NYHA III e 5 NYHA IV. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostra uma tendência de pior desempenho no MoCA entre pacientes com pior classe funcional de IC (NYHA I-II: MoCA 21.4 +/- 4.9 e NYHA III-IV MoCA: 18 +/- 4.2 p:0. 0.087)
INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome resulting from structural and functional defects of cardiac pump, more than 80% of the patients are elderly with diverse associated comorbidities. The dementia is defined by any disorder where the significant decline of the previous cognition level of the patient intervene on his independence and social, domestic or occupational functioning. The link between light cognitive impairment and HF is already well documented in literature, however recent studies point a possible relation of HF in pathogenesis and deteriorating of dementia. OBJETIVE: Rank functional limitation of volunteers with HF with preserved ejection fraction and to apply the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) memory test to analyse if there is a association between HF functional limitations and dementia onset/worsening. METHODS: Transversal observational study, 27 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction were assessed in Universidade Luterana do Brasil's heart failure clinic. RESULTS: Assessing 27 patients, with average age of 72.4 years (+/-7.3), being 18 (66.6%) female, we found 24 (88.8%) with MoCA score lower to 26, being the average score 20.4. Between the 27 patients, 4 had functional class NYHA I, 15 NYHA II, 3 NYHA III and 5 NYHA IV. CONCLUSION: The present study shows a tendency to lower performance in MoCA on patients with worse HF functional classification (NYHA I-II: MoCA 21.4 +/- 4.9 e NYHA III-IV MoCA: 18 +/- 4.2 p:0. 0.087)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Demência/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Memória , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
Resumo Fundamento A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) com fração de ejeção na faixa média ou intermediária (ICFEI) (em inglês, "mid-range ejection fraction) foi recentemente descrita em diretrizes europeia e brasileira recentes sobre o manejo da insuficiência cardíaca (IC). A fração de ejeção (FE) é um parâmetro importante para direcionar terapia e prognóstico. Estudos têm mostrado resultados conflitantes sem dados representativos de países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo Analisar e comparar a taxa de sobrevida em pacientes com ICFEI com pacientes com IC e FE reduzida (ICFEr), e pacientes com IC e FE preservada, e avaliar as características clínicas desses pacientes. Métodos Estudo coorte que incluiu pacientes com IC aguda admitidos no departamento de emergência de um hospital terciário, referência em cardiologia, localizado no sul do Brasil, entre 2009 e 2011. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos de acordo com a FE: reduzida, intermediária e preservada. Curva de Kaplan-Meier foi analisada de acordo com a FE, e uma análise de regressão logística foi realizada. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p<0,05. Resultados Um total de 380 pacientes foram analisados. A maioria dos pacientes apresentaram ICFEp (515), seguido de ICFEr (32%) e ICFEI (17%). Os pacientes com ICFEI apresentaram características intermediárias em relação à idade, pressão arterial, e diâmetros ventriculares, e a maioria era de etiologia isquêmica. O período mediano de acompanhamento foi de 4 anos. Não se observou diferença na sobrevida geral ou na mortalidade cardiovascular (p=0,03) entre os grupos de FE (FE reduzida: mortalidade de 40,5%; FE intermediária: 39,7%, e FE preservada 26%). A mortalidade hospitalar foi 7,6%. Conclusão Não houve diferença na taxa de sobrevida entre os grupos de FE diferentes. Os pacientes com ICFEI apresentaram maior mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares em comparação a pacientes com ICFEp. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):14-23)
Abstract Background Heart Failure with mid-range Ejection Fraction (HFmEF) was recently described by European and Brazilian guidelines on Heart Failure (HF). The ejection fraction (EF) is an important parameter to guide therapy and prognosis. Studies have shown conflicting results without representative data from developing countries. Objective To analyze and compare survival rate in patients with HFmEF, HF patients with reduced EF (HFrEF), and HF patients with preserved EF (HFpEF), and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of these patients. Methods A cohort study that included adult patients with acute HF admitted through the emergency department to a tertiary hospital, reference in cardiology, in south Brazil from 2009 to 2011. The sample was divided into three groups according to EF: reduced, mid-range and preserved. A Kaplan-Meier curve was analyzed according to the EF, and a logistic regression analysis was done. Statistical significance was established as p < 0.05. Results A total of 380 patients were analyzed. Most patients had HFpEF (51%), followed by patients with HFrEF (32%) and HFmEF (17%). Patients with HFmEF showed intermediate characteristics related to age, blood pressure and ventricular diameters, and most patients were of ischemic etiology. Median follow-up time was 4.0 years. There was no statistical difference in overall survival or cardiovascular mortality (p=.0031) between the EF groups (reduced EF: 40.5% mortality; mid-range EF 39.7% and preserved EF 26%). Hospital mortality was 7.6%. Conclusion There was no difference in overall survival rate between the EF groups. Patients with HFmEF showed higher mortality from cardiovascular diseases in comparison with HFpEF patients. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):14-23)
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Humanos , Adulto , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Prognóstico , Volume Sistólico , Brasil , Estudos de Coortes , Países em DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This observational, cross-sectional study based aimed to test whether heart failure (HF)-disease management program (DMP) components are influencing care and clinical decision-making in Brazil. METHODS: The survey respondents were cardiologists recommended by experts in the field and invited to participate in the survey via printed form or email. The survey consisted of 29 questions addressing site demographics, public versus private infrastructure, HF baseline data of patients, clinical management of HF, performance indicators, and perceptions about HF treatment. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 98 centers (58% public and 42% private practice) distributed across Brazil. Public HF-DMPs compared to private HF-DMP were associated with a higher percentage of HF-DMP-dedicated services (79% vs 24%; OR: 12, 95% CI: 94-34), multidisciplinary HF (MHF)-DMP [84% vs 65%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-8), HF educational programs (49% vs 18%; OR: 4; 95% CI: 1-2), written instructions before hospital discharge (83% vs 76%; OR: 1; 95% CI: 0-5), rehabilitation (69% vs 39%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), monitoring (44% vs 29%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-5), guideline-directed medical therapy-HF use (94% vs 85%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15), and less B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) dosage (73% vs 88%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), and key performance indicators (37% vs 60%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-7). In comparison to non- MHF-DMP, MHF-DMP was associated with more educational initiatives (42% vs 6%; OR: 12; 95% CI: 1-97), written instructions (83% vs 68%; OR: 2: 95% CI: 1-7), rehabilitation (69% vs 17%; OR: 11; 95% CI: 3-44), monitoring (47% vs 6%; OR: 14; 95% CI: 2-115), GDMT-HF (92% vs 83%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15). In addition, there were less use of BNP as a biomarker (70% vs 84%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-8) and key performance indicators (35% vs 51%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 91,6) in the non-MHF group. Physicians considered changing or introducing new medications mostly when patients were hospitalized or when observing worsening disease and/or symptoms. Adherence to drug treatment and non-drug treatment factors were the greatest medical problems associated with HF treatment. CONCLUSION: HF-DMPs are highly heterogeneous. New strategies for HF care should consider the present study highlights and clinical decision-making processes to improve HF patient care.
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Humanos , Gerenciamento Clínico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumo O treinamento físico é capaz de aumentar o consumo de oxigênio de pico em indivíduos que sofreram infarto agudo do miocárdio. No entanto, em relação à eficácia de diferentes tipos de intervenções ainda há uma lacuna na literatura. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes modalidades de treinamento físico no consumo de oxigênio de pico de pacientes pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio. Foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Scopus e PEDro. Foram incluídos estudos que avaliassem exercícios aeróbicos, de força ou combinados. Seis estudos preencheram elegibilidade. O exercício aeróbico aumentou 6,07 mL.kg-1.min-1 quando comparado ao grupo controle (p = 0,013). Na comparação entre exercício combinado e grupo controle, foi observada uma diferença de 1,84 mL.kg-1.min-1, no entanto, sem significância (p = 0,312). Portanto, concluímos que o exercício aeróbico é a única modalidade que apresenta eficácia para aumentar o consumo de oxigênio de pico em comparação a um grupo controle.
Abstract Physical training can increase peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in people who have suffered acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is still a gap in the literature in relation to the effectiveness of different types of interventions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different physical training modalities on VO2peak in post-AMI patients. The following databases were used: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Pedro. Studies that evaluated aerobic exercise, strength exercise, or combined exercise were included. Six studies met eligibility criteria. Aerobic exercise increased VO2peak by 6.07 ml.kg-1.min-1 when compared to the control group (CG) (p = 0.013). The comparison between combined exercise and control group detected a difference of 1.84 ml.kg-1.min-1, but this was not significant (p = 0.312). We therefore conclude that aerobic exercise is the only modality that is effective for increasing VO2peak compared to a control group.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Consumo de Oxigênio , Exercício Físico , Infarto do Miocárdio/reabilitação , Reabilitação CardíacaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of the reduced ankle-brachial index (ABI) in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) attended at a HF clinic in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, and to compar the patients to those with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS: A descriptive observational study, included patients referred to the heart failure clinic in HU-Ulbra with HFpEF or HFrEF and diastolic dysfunction, and measurements of ABIs using vascular Doppler equipment were performed in both groups. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 106 patients with HF, 53.9% of the patients had HFpEF, and 19.4% had a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (ABI less than 0.9). PAD was identified in 24.1% of the patients with HFpEF, while15.8% of patients in the HFrEF group were diagnosed with PAD. CONCLUSION: Our results did not identify a significantly different prevalence of altered and compatible PAD values in patients with HFpEF. However, we showed a prevalence of 19.4%, a high value if we consider similar populations.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , População Urbana , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Doença Arterial Periférica/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Rhythm abnormalities following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and indications for permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) were reviewed, which aren't well established in the current guidelines. New left bundle branch block and atrioventricular block are the most common electrocardiographic changes after TAVI. PPI incidence ranges from 9-42% for self-expandable and 2.5-11.5% for balloon expandable devices. Not only anatomical variations in conduction system have an important role in conduction disorders, but different valve characteristics and their relationship with cardiac structures as well. Previous right bundle branch block has been confirmed as one of the most significant predictors for PPI.
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Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Marca-Passo Artificial , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Objective: Rhythm abnormalities following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and indications for permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) were reviewed, which aren't well established in the current guidelines. New left bundle branch block and atrioventricular block are the most common electrocardiographic changes after TAVI. PPI incidence ranges from 9-42% for self-expandable and 2.5-11.5% for balloon expandable devices. Not only anatomical variations in conduction system have an important role in conduction disorders, but different valve characteristics and their relationship with cardiac structures as well. Previous right bundle branch block has been confirmed as one of the most significant predictors for PPI.
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Humanos , Marca-Passo Artificial , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Fundamento: A Doença Arterial Periférica (DAP) está associada a eventos cardiovasculares, podendo ser diagnosticada e estimada através do Índice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB). Está bem estabelecido que o ITB é fator agravante na estratificação de risco cardiovascular, mas sua contribuição para definir a gravidade do acometimento arterial coronariano não está bem estabelecida. Objetivos: Estudo testou o valor do ITB com a gravidade da doença aterosclerótica coronariana pelo Escore de Syntax (ES) em pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com medida do ITB de todos os pacientes internados com SCA no Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, consecutivamente, de maio a setembro de 2016, e comparação de seu valor com o ES e tipos de SCA desses pacientes. As análises foram realizadas considerando-se o nível de confiança de 95% ( α = 5%). Resultados: 101 pacientes, com média de idade de 62,6±12,0 anos, 58 (57,4%) masculinos, 74 (82,2%) hipertensos, 33 (45,8%) diabéticos e 46 (45,5%) com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMCSST). A gravidade da DAP não teve relação com a gravidade anatômica da doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Encontramos uma associação significativa de ES intermediário com infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMSSST) e de ES baixo com angina instável (AI) [OR (IC95%): 1,11 (1,03-1,20); p = 0,004], que se manteve após análise multivariada, ajustada para idade, tabagismo, história familiar de DAC e DAC prévia [OR (IC95%): 1,13 (1,02-1,25); p = 0,019]. Conclusões: Analisando nossos resultados, encontramos que pacientes com ITB < 0,9 não apresentaram associação com maior complexidade determinada pelo ES em pacientes com SCA. Os pacientes com IAMSSST estiveram mais associados com ES intermediário
DOI: 10.5935/2359-4802.20170094 47 International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2018;31(1)47-55 ARTIGO ORIGINAL Correspondência: Andrea Mabilde Petracco Av. Ipiranga, 7464, sala 524. CEP: 91530-000, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS Brasil. E-mail: apetracco@terra.com.br; apetracco@cardiol.br Avaliação da Relação do Índice Tornozelo-Braquial com a Gravidade da Doença Arterial Coronária Assessment of the Relationship of Ankle-Brachial Index With Coronary Artery Disease Severity Andrea Mabilde Petracco, Luiz Carlos Bodanese, Gustavo Farias Porciúncula, Gabriel Santos Teixeira, Denise de Oliveira Pellegrini, Luiz Claudio Danzmann, Ricardo Medeiros Pianta, João Batista Petracco Hospital São Lucas, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brasil Artigo recebido em 28/02/2017; revisado em 12/08/2017; aceito em 21/08/2017 Resumo Fundamento: A Doença Arterial Periférica (DAP) está associada a eventos cardiovasculares, podendo ser diagnosticada e estimada através do Índice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB). Está bem estabelecido que o ITB é fator agravante na estratificação de risco cardiovascular, mas sua contribuição para definir a gravidade do acometimento arterial coronariano não está bem estabelecida. Objetivos: Estudo testou o valor do ITB com a gravidade da doença aterosclerótica coronariana pelo Escore de Syntax (ES) em pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com medida do ITB de todos os pacientes internados com SCA no Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, consecutivamente, de maio a setembro de 2016, e comparação de seu valor com o ES e tipos de SCA desses pacientes. As análises foram realizadas considerando-se o nível de confiança de 95% ( α = 5%). Resultados: 101 pacientes, com média de idade de 62,6±12,0 anos, 58 (57,4%) masculinos, 74 (82,2%) hipertensos, 33 (45,8%) diabéticos e 46 (45,5%) com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMCSST). A gravidade da DAP não teve relação com a gravidade anatômica da doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Encontramos uma associação significativa de ES intermediário com infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMSSST) e de ES baixo com angina instável (AI) [OR (IC95%): 1,11 (1,03-1,20); p = 0,004], que se manteve após análise multivariada, ajustada para idade, tabagismo, história familiar de DAC e DAC prévia [OR (IC95%): 1,13 (1,02-1,25); p = 0,019]. Conclusões: Analisando nossos resultados, encontramos que pacientes com ITB < 0,9 não apresentaram associação com maior complexidade determinada pelo ES em pacientes com SCA. Os pacientes com IAMSSST estiveram mais associados com ES intermediário. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018;31(1)47-55) Palavras-chave: Índice Tornozelo-Braço, Síndrome Coronariana Aguda, Doença da Artéria Coronariana, Índice de Severidade da Doença, Aterosclerose, Doença Arterial Periférica. Abstract Background: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is associated with cardiovascular events and can be diagnosed and estimated by use of the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). ABI is a worsening factor in the stratification of cardiovascular risk, but its contribution to define the severity of coronary artery disease has not been well established. Objectives: To compare the ABI value with the coronary atherosclerotic disease severity by use of the Syntax Score (SS) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Methods: This prospective study measured the ABI of all patients with ACS consecutively admitted to the São Lucas Hospital of PUCRS from May to September 2016, and compared the ABI values with the SS and ACS types of those patients. The analyzes were performed considering the 95%confidence interval ( α = 5%). Results: This study assessed 101 patients [mean age, 62.6 ± 12.0 years; 58 men (57.4%)], 74 (82.2%) were hypertensive, 33 (45.8%) had diabetes and 46 (45,5%) had ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). The PAD severity was not related to the anatomical severity of the coronary artery disease (CAD). We found a significant association of intermediate SS with non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and of low SS with unstable angina (UA) [OR (95% CI): 1.11 (1.03-1.20) (p = 0.004)], which remained after multivariate analysis adjusted to age, smoking, family history of CAD and previous CAD [(OR 95%): 1.13 (1.02-1.25) (p = 0.019)]. Conclusions: Patients with ABI < 0.9 showed no association with higher disease complexity determined by the SS in patients with ACS. Patients with NSTEMI were more associated with an intermediate risk on the SS
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/complicações , Análise de Variância , Aterosclerose/complicações , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Dor no Peito/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Doença Arterial Periférica , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tabagismo/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Advances in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment is promoting free disease survival. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may emerge as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, and telomere length (TL) are considered as potential predictors of CVD and its outcomes. The study aim was to assess PWV, TL in a JIA population and to test its correlation. In a cross sectional study, 24 JIA patients, 21 controls for TL and 20 controls for PWV were included. PWV was assessed by an oscillometric device. TL was assessed by qPCR. JIA activity was accessed by JADAS-27. Smoking, diabetes, obesity, renal impairment, hypertension, dyslipidemia and inflammatory diseases were excluded. FINDINGS: Between cases and controls for TL, there was significant difference in age. No differences in gender, ethnics and bone mass index between JIA and control groups for PWV and TL. The JADAS-27 median was 8. TL was significantly reduced in JIA (0.85 ± 0.34 vs. 1. 67 ± 1.38, P = 0.025). When age adjusted by ANCOVA, the difference remained significant (P = 0,032). PWV was normal in all patients (5.1 ± 0.20 m/s vs. 4.98 ± 0.06 m/s, P = 0, 66). There was no correlation between TL, PWV or JADAS-27. CONCLUSION: Compared to controls, JIA with high disease activity and no CVD risk factors have shorter telomeres and normal PWV. As far as we know, this first time this correlation is being tested in rheumatic disease and in paediatrics.
Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil/metabolismo , Telômero/metabolismo , Rigidez Vascular , Adolescente , Artrite Juvenil/epidemiologia , Artrite Juvenil/fisiopatologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AbstractBackground:Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a syndrome characterized by changes in diastolic function; it is more prevalent among the elderly, women, and individuals with systemic hypertension (SH) and diabetes mellitus. However, in its early stages, there are no signs of congestion and it is identified in tests by adverse remodeling, decreased exercise capacity and diastolic dysfunction.Objective:To compare doppler, echocardiographic (Echo), and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) variables - ergospirometry variables - between two population samples: one of individuals in the early stage of this syndrome, and the other of healthy individuals.Methods:Twenty eight outpatients diagnosed with heart failure according to Framingham’s criteria, ejection fraction > 50% and diastolic dysfunction according to the european society of cardiology (ESC), and 24 healthy individuals underwent Echo and CPET.Results:The group of patients showed indexed atrial volume and left ventricular mass as well as E/E’ and ILAV/A´ ratios significantly higher, in addition to a significant reduction in peak oxygen consumption and increased VE/VCO2 slope, even having similar left ventricular sizes in comparison to those of the sample of healthy individuals.Conclusion:There are significant differences between the structural and functional variables analyzed by Echo and CPET when comparing two population samples: one of patients in the early stage of heart failure with ejection fraction greater than or equal to 50% and another of healthy individuals.
ResumoFundamento:Insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada é uma síndrome caracterizada por alterações da função diastólica mais prevalente em idosos, mulheres e portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabete melito. No início, entretanto, não revela sinais de congestão, identificando-se por remodelamento adverso, diminuição da capacidade de exercício e disfunção diastólica nos exames.Objetivo:Comparar variáveis ecocardiográficas e de doppler (Eco) e do teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) - ergoespirométricas - entre duas amostras populacionais: indivíduos portadores dessa síndrome em estágio inicial e outra de saudáveis.Métodos:Vinte e oito pacientes ambulatoriais com diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca por critérios de Framingham, fração de ejeção > 50% e disfunção diastólica segundo a european society of cardiology (ESC), e 24 indivíduos saudáveis realizaram estudos de Eco e TCPE.Resultados:O grupo de pacientes apresentou volume atrial e massa ventricular esquerda indexadas, bem como as razões E/E’ e VAEi/A´ significativamente maiores, além de significativa redução do consumo máximo de oxigênio e incremento da inclinação da variável VE/VCO2, mesmo com semelhantes dimensões do ventrículo esquerdo, quando comparados à amostra dos saudáveis.Conclusão:Há diferenças significativas entre variáveis estruturais e funcionais analisadas nos estudos ao Eco e ao TCPE, comparando-se duas amostras populacionais: pacientes com estágio inicial de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção maior ou igual a 50% e outra de indivíduos saudáveis.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ecocardiografia Doppler/métodos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Espirometria/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with poor outcomes, including stroke. The ability of anticoagulation therapy to reduce the risk of stroke has been well established; however, the prevalence of anticoagulation therapy use in the Public Health System is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate both the prevalence of anticoagulation therapy among patients with atrial fibrillation and the indications for the treatment. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we included consecutive patients who had atrial fibrillation documented by an electrocardiogram performed between September 2011 and March 2012 at a university hospital of the Public Health System. The variables analyzed included the risk of a thromboembolic event and/or bleeding, the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy, the location where the electrocardiogram report was initially reviewed and the specialty of the physician who initially reviewed it. RESULTS: We included 162 patients (mean age 68.9 years, 56% men). Hypertension (90.1%), heart failure (53.4%) and stroke (38.9%) were the most prevalent diseases found. Only 50.6% of the patients knew that they had atrial fibrillation. Regarding the use of therapy, only 37.6% of patients classified as high risk according to the CHADS2 scores and 35.5% according to the CHA2DS2VASc used oral anticoagulation. A presumptive diagnosis of heart failure and the fact that the electrocardiogram was evaluated by a cardiologist were the only independent predictors of the use of anticoagulants. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found a low prevalence of oral anticoagulation therapy among patients with atrial fibrillation and an indication for stroke prophylaxis for the use of this therapy, including among those with high CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores. .