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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(3): 428-441, ago. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506697

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción : El pie diabético (PD) representa una complicación con elevada morbimortalidad. En Ar gentina, carecemos de datos acerca de tasas de am putación y mortalidad relacionada a esta enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las caracte rísticas de todos los pacientes adultos con diabetes que consultaron por PD durante 3 meses y evaluar su evolución a 6 meses. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudi nal con seguimiento a 6 meses. Resultados : Se estudiaron 312 pacientes de 15 cen tros de Argentina. Durante el estudio, el porcentaje de amputación mayor total fue de 8.3% (IC95; 5.5-11.9) (n = 26) y el de amputación menor de 29.17% (IC95%; 24.2-34.6) (n = 91). En el seguimiento a 6 meses, el por centaje de muerte fue de 4.49% (IC95%; 2.5-7.4) (n = 14), el 24.3% (IC95%; 19.6-29.5) presentaba la herida aún abierta (n = 76), el 58.0% (IC95%; 52.3-63.5) (n = 181) cicatrizó y 7.37% se perdió del seguimiento (n = 23). De los pacientes que sufrieron una amputación mayor antes de los 6 meses (n = 24), 5 fallecieron (20.8%) en contraste con el 3% de quienes no se amputaron (p = 0.001). La amputación mayor se relacionó con la edad, el índice tobillo brazo (ITB), la escala de San Elián, la de SINBAD y la clasificación de WIfI, la isquemia y con algunos aspectos de la herida. Discusión : El conocimiento de datos locales permitirá mejorar la toma de decisiones en cuanto a políticas de salud relacionadas a la prevención y el tratamiento de los pacientes con PD.


Abstract Introduction : The diabetic foot (DF) is a complica tion with high rate of morbi-mortality. There are no data about amputation rates and mortality in Argentina related to this disease. The aim of this study was to de scribe clinical features of adult patients with diabetes that consulted for a foot ulcer in a 3 months' period and to evaluate outcomes six months later. Methods : This is a multicenter longitudinal study with six months follow up. Results : Three hundred and twelve patients from 15 health centers in Argentina were analyzed. During the follow up, the rate of major amputation was 8.3% (IC95; 5.5-11.9) (n = 26) and minor amputation 29.17% (IC95%; 24.2-34.6) (n = 91). After six months, the mortality rate was 4.49% (IC95%; 2.5-7.4) (n = 14), and 24.3% (IC95%; 19.6-29.5) remained with open wounds (n = 76) while 58.0% (IC95%; 52.3-66.5) (n = 181) healed and 7.37% be came lost to follow up (n = 23). From those who required a major amputation during the study (n = 24), 5 patients died (20.8%) and in patients without amputation, 3% died (p = 0.001). Major amputation was related to age, ankle brachial index (ABI), Saint Elian score (SEWSS), SINBAD, WIfI classification, ischemia and some aspects of the wound. Discussion : Knowledge about local data will enable better decisions on health policies related to prevention and treatment of diabetic foot patients.

2.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 57(2): 84-94, ago. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1507435

RESUMO

Introducción: las clasificaciones de pie diabético (PD) son una herramienta que tienen el objetivo de mejorar la comunicación entre los profesionales, la referencia y contrarreferencia; proporcionar un pronóstico; ayudar en la valoración de las lesiones, y contribuir con fines estadísticos. Objetivos: describir las características de los pacientes que se presentaron al consultorio o a la guardia con un PD durante un período de 3 meses, determinar el riesgo según cinco clasificaciones (Texas, IDSA, San Elián, WIfI y SINBAD) y evaluar su evolución a 6 meses en relación con el grado de gravedad determinada por cada clasificación. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron 312 pacientes de 15 instituciones en Argentina. Para el análisis se utilizó la calculadora de clasificaciones de pie diabético/score de riesgo del Comité de Pie Diabético de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Resultados: el 43% de los pacientes (n=133) requirió internación al momento de la primera consulta y el 61% (n=189) había consultado previamente. El porcentaje de amputación mayor total fue de 8,33% (IC 95%; 5,5-11,9) (n=26) y el de amputación menor de 29,17% (IC 95%; 24,2-34,6) (n=91). A los 6 meses, el porcentaje de muerte fue de 4,49% (IC 95%; 2,5-7,4) (n=14), el 24,3% (IC 95%;19,6-29,5) presentaba la herida aún abierta (n=76), el 58,0% (IC 95%; 52,3-66,5) (n=181) cicatrizó y el 7,37% se perdió del seguimiento (n=23). Las clasificaciones de San Elián y WIfI se relacionaron con amputación mayor, cicatrización y muerte. En relación a la clasificación de Texas, el 49% de los pacientes presentó herida penetrante a hueso o articulación (Texas 3), con o sin infección. El 65,3% de las amputaciones mayores y el 78,6% de las muertes se produjeron en pacientes con isquemia. El punto de corte de San Elián para amputación mayor fue 20. Conclusiones: conocer los datos locales permite organizar los recursos para mejorar la atención de los pacientes.


Introduction: the classifications of diabetic foot (DF) are a tool that aims to improve communication between professionals, referral and counter-referral, provide a prognosis, help in the assessment of lesions, and contribute to statistical purposes. Objectives: to describe the characteristics of patients who presented to the clinic or emergency department with DF over a period of 3 months, determine the risk according to 5 classifications (Texas, IDSA, SEWSS, WIfI, and SINBAD), and evaluate their evolution at 6 months in relation to the severity degree determined by each classification. Materials and methods: 312 patients from 15 institutions in Argentina were analyzed. The Diabetic Foot Classification Calculator/Risk Score from the Diabetic Foot Committee of the Argentina Argentina Diabetes Society was used for the analysis. Results: 43% of patients (n=133) required hospitalization at the time of the first consultation and 61% (n=189) had previously consulted. The total major amputation percentage was 8.33% (95%CI; 5.5-11.9) (n=26), and the minor amputation percentage was 29.17% (95% CI; 24.2-34.6) (n=91). At 6 months, the death rate was 4.49% (95% CI; 2.5-7.4) (n=14), 24.3% (95% CI; 19.629.5) had an open wound (n=76), 58.0% (95% CI; 52.3-66.5) (n=181) had healed, and 7.37% were lost to follow-up (n=23). The SEWSS and WIfI classifications were related to major amputation, healing, and death. Regarding the Texas classification, 49% of patients had a penetrating wound to bone or joint (Texas 3), with or without infection. 65.3% of major amputations and 78.6% of deaths occurred in patients with ischemia. The SEWSS cut-off point for major amputation was 20. Conclusions: knowing local data allows organizing resources to improve patient care.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus
3.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 56(suple. 2): 36-39, may. - ago. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1396499

RESUMO

La osteomielitis (OM) es una complicación de las úlceras en pie diabético que habitualmente es subdiagnosticada y tratada en forma tardía e inadecuada. La demora en el tratamiento de estos pacientes aumenta el riesgo de amputación. En esta revisión, se analiza la bibliografía actual acerca del diagnóstico de OM y se realizan recomendaciones en base a la misma, y a las características de los pacientes, los insumos y las posibilidades en nuestro medio.


Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (OM) is a diabetic foot ulcer complication. Usually, it is misdiagnosed and the treatment is delayed and inadequate. Delaying the treatment of these patients rises the risk of amputation. In this revision, current bibliography about this topic is updated and clinical practice recommendations are done, based on the publications and adapted to the characteristics of our country


Assuntos
Osteomielite , Biópsia , Pé Diabético , Diagnóstico
4.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 56(supl.1): 36-39, mayo 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431394

RESUMO

Resumen La osteomielitis (OM) es una complicación de las úlceras en pie diabético que habitualmente es subdiagnosticada y tratada en forma tardía e inadecuada. La demora en el tratamiento de estos pacientes aumenta el riesgo de amputación. En esta revisión, se analiza la bibliografía actual acerca del diagnóstico de OM y se realizan recomendaciones en base a la misma, y a las características de los pacientes, los insumos y las posibilidades en nuestro medio.


Abstract Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (OM) is a diabetic foot ulcer complication. Usually, it is misdiagnosed and the treatment is delayed and inadequate. Delaying the treatment of these patients rises the risk of amputation. In this revision, current bibliography about this topic is updated and clinical practice recommendations are done, based on the publications and adapted to the characteristics of our country.

5.
Br J Cancer ; 126(3): 323-330, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35013578

RESUMO

To increase cancer patient survival and wellbeing, diagnostic assays need to be able to detect cases earlier, be applied more frequently, and preferably before symptoms develop. The expansion of blood biopsy technologies such as detection of circulating tumour cells and cell-free DNA has shown clinical promise for this. Extracellular vesicles released into the blood from tumour cells may offer a snapshot of the whole of the tumour. They represent a stable and multifaceted complex of a number of different types of molecules including DNA, RNA and protein. These represent biomarker targets that can be collected and analysed from blood samples, offering great potential for early diagnosis. In this review we discuss the benefits and challenges of the use of extracellular vesicles in this context and provide recommendations on where this developing field should focus their efforts to bring future success.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/análise , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Biópsia Líquida/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Animais , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/genética , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/metabolismo , Vesículas Extracelulares/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo
6.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 55(3): 84-89, sept. - dic. 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1395652

RESUMO

Introducción: la glucemia de ayuno >85 mg/dl en el primer trimestre de embarazo es uno de los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de diabetes gestacional (DG). El aumento del sobrepeso y obesidad en las mujeres en edad fértil junto con la ganancia de peso excesiva a lo largo del embarazo son predisponentes para el desarrollo de esta patología, además de favorecer el estado de hipertrigliceridemia materna que en su conjunto predisponen a la macrosomía fetal. Entender la asociación entre estas variables es de importancia para individualizar el riesgo y tomar conductas precoces a fin de disminuir las complicaciones materno/fetales. Objetivos: primario: determinar la probabilidad de desarrollar DG según glucemia de ayunas del primer trimestre de embarazo (GA1erT>85 mg/dl) por categoría de índice de masa corporal (IMC), edad y ganancia de peso materno. Secundario: comparar trigliceridemia (TG) materna del último trimestre, peso fetal y glucemia de ayuno (GA) de prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (PTOG) según IMC en pacientes con y sin DG. Determinar la prevalencia de macrosomía. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron historias clínicas (HC) de pacientes con DG de la Unidad de Diabetes y Embarazo y del Servicio de Maternidad de pacientes sin DG del Hospital Perrupato, San Martín, Mendoza. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: edad >18 años, registros completos de historias clínicas y diagnóstico de DG por PTOG. Se incluyeron 127 HC de pacientes con DG y 169 HC de pacientes sin DG, y se categorizaron según IMC pregestacional: IMC <24,9, IMC 25-30 y IMC >30. Resultados: para la variable de GA1erT>85 mg/dl en la categoría de IMC <24,9 la probabilidad de padecer DG fue 15 veces superior respecto a presentar un valor glucémico inferior, para el IMC 25-30 fue 9,2 veces más probable, mientras que para el IMC >30 fue 10,7 veces más probable, con efecto de magnitud grande para las tres categorías de IMC. No hubo diferencias entre peso fetal entre las distintas categorías de IMC analizadas (p=0,14, 0,36 y 0,59 respectivamente). Se observó aumento en el valor de GA de la PTOG en todas las categorías de IMC del grupo con DG (p=0,002, 0,01 y <0,001 respectivamente). La TG materna del último trimestre fueron significativamente más altos en las categorías de IMC <24,9 y 25-30 (p=0,04 y 0,026 respectivamente). La prevalencia de macrosomía aumentó en relación al incremento del IMC. Conclusiones: la glucemia de ayuno del primer trimestre demostró ser un fuerte predictor de DG en todas las categorías de IMC evaluadas.


Introduction: fasting blood glucose >85 mg/dl in the first trimester of pregnancy is one of the risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes (GD). The increase in overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age, and the excessive weight gain throughout pregnancy, are predisposing to the development of this pathology leading a rol in maternal hypertriglyceridemia, favoring to fetal macrosomia. Understanding the association between these variables is important to individualize the risk and take early behaviors in order to reduce maternal/fetal complications. Objectives: primary: determine the probability of developing GD according to fasting glycemia of the firts trimester of pregnancy (>85 mg/dl) by body mass index (BMI) category, age and maternal weight gain. Secondary: compare maternal triglyceridemia (TG) of the last trimester, fetal weight and fasting glycemia of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to BMI in patients with and without GD. Determine the prevalence of macrosomia. Materials and methods: medical records (MR) of patients with GD from the Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit and from the Maternity Service of patients without GD from the Perrupato´s Hospital, San Martin, Mendoza. Included were: age over 18 years, complete records of MR, diagnosis of GD by OGTT. 127 MR from patients with GD and 169 MR from patients without GD were included and classified according to pre-pregnancy BMI: BMI <24.9, BMI 25-30 and BMI> 30. Results: GD OR for category A was 15 times, for category B it was 9.2 times and for category C 10.7 times with large magnitude effect for the three categories. There were no differences between fetal weight (p=0.14, 0.36 and 0.59 respectively). fasting glycemia OGTT was significant in all categories (p=0.002; 0.01 and <0.001 respectively), maternal TG in the last trimester were significant in categories A and B (p=0.04 and 0.026 respectively). The prevalence of macrosomia increased in relation to the increase in BMI. Conclusions: fasting blood glucose of the first trimester is a strong predictor of DG in all evaluated categories.


Assuntos
Glicemia , Macrossomia Fetal , Gravidez , Diabetes Gestacional
7.
Nat Microbiol ; 6(7): 899-909, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33907312

RESUMO

SARS-CoV-2 entry requires sequential cleavage of the spike glycoprotein at the S1/S2 and the S2' cleavage sites to mediate membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 has a polybasic insertion (PRRAR) at the S1/S2 cleavage site that can be cleaved by furin. Using lentiviral pseudotypes and a cell-culture-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus with an S1/S2 deletion, we show that the polybasic insertion endows SARS-CoV-2 with a selective advantage in lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cells, but impairs replication in Vero E6, a cell line used for passaging SARS-CoV-2. Using engineered spike variants and live virus competition assays and by measuring growth kinetics, we find that the selective advantage in lung and primary human airway epithelial cells depends on the expression of the cell surface protease TMPRSS2, which enables endosome-independent virus entry by a route that avoids antiviral IFITM proteins. SARS-CoV-2 virus lacking the S1/S2 furin cleavage site was shed to lower titres from infected ferrets and was not transmitted to cohoused sentinel animals, unlike wild-type virus. Analysis of 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences derived from patients and 24 human postmortem tissues showed low frequencies of naturally occurring mutants that harbour deletions at the polybasic site. Taken together, our findings reveal that the furin cleavage site is an important determinant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.


Assuntos
COVID-19/transmissão , Furina/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/metabolismo , Animais , COVID-19/virologia , Catepsinas/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Endossomos/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais , Furões , Humanos , Evasão da Resposta Imune , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Sistema Respiratório/citologia , Sistema Respiratório/virologia , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/química , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , Células Vero , Empacotamento do Genoma Viral , Internalização do Vírus , Replicação Viral , Eliminação de Partículas Virais
8.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 55(1): 4-12, ene. - abr. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1248267

RESUMO

Introducción: el examen del pie es fundamental en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM). La correcta evaluación del pie en el paciente que concurre a control diabetológico es clave para establecer factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de úlceras, detectar lesiones, tomar medidas preventivas, realizar una derivación temprana y educar en cuidados del pie. Objetivos: en este estudio se examinaron los pies de personas con DM durante la Campaña de Concientización y Prevención del Pie Diabético el 1º de noviembre de 2019 con el fin de evaluar la presencia de síntomas y signos relacionados con neuropatía, enfermedad vascular periférica, y prevalencia de los mismos, y conocer el riesgo. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron 165 pacientes en cuatro centros: Sanatorio Güemes (Servicio de Diabetes y Endocrinología), PREDIGMA (Centro de Medicina Preventiva, Posadas, Misiones), Hospital Central de San Isidro, Nexo Centro Médico (Ciudad de Junín) y Hospital Municipal de General Viamonte (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Resultados: se encontró que el 43,6% presentaba algún síntoma en miembros inferiores y hasta el 57% alteración en las pruebas de tamizaje de neuropatía diabética o enfermedad arterial periférica, con mayor prevalencia a mayor tiempo de evolución de la DM. Los signos más frecuentemente hallados en el examen físico fueron: piel seca (71,5%), distrofia ungueal (60,6%) o alteración de la almohadilla plantar (52,1%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron: hipertensión (74,5%) y dislipemia (73,3%). La mediana de hemoglobina glicosilada fue de 7,40% (6,70-8,10), mayor en personas con antecedentes de retinopatía (7,8%; p<0,01) y en pacientes que refirieron tener calambres (7,85 a 7,30; p=0,03) o ardor (8,0 vs 7,3; p<0,01). El porcentaje de pacientes con pie de alto riesgo por antecedentes, inspección o tamizaje de neuropatía o enfermedad vascular representó desde el 40% en aquellos con DM de menos de cinco años de evolución hasta el 86% en quienes tenían más de 20 años. Conclusiones: el elevado porcentaje de pacientes con pie de riesgo identificado en este estudio sugiere que, además del correcto examen físico, se requiere la toma de conductas por parte del médico tratante, como la indicación de plantillas o calzado adecuado, así como una fluida derivación al técnico en ortesis, traumatólogo o fisiatra.


Introduction: foot examination is essential in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The correct evaluation of the foot in the patient who attends diabetes control is key to establish risk factors for the development of ulcers, detect injuries, take preventive measures, make an early referral and educate in foot care. Objectives: in this study, the feet of people with DM were examined during the Diabetic Foot Awareness and Prevention Campaign on November 1, 2019 in order to assess the presence of symptoms and signs related to neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, prevalence of the same and know the risk. Materials and methods: 165 patients were analyzed in four centers: Sanatorio Güemes (Diabetes and Endocrinology Service), PREDIGMA (Preventive Medicine Center, Posadas, Misiones), Central Hospital of San Isidro, Nexo Medical Center (Junín City) and Hospital Municipal of General Viamonte (Province of Buenos Aires). Results: it was found that 43.6% had some symptoms in the lower limbs and up to 57% had an alteration in the screening tests for diabetic neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease, with a higher prevalence the longer the evolution of DM. The most frequent signs found in the physical examination were: dry skin (71.5%), nail dystrophy (60.6%) or alteration of the foot pad (52.1%). The lost frequent comorbidities were: hypertension (74.5%) and dyslipidemia (73.3%). The median glycated hemoglobin was 7.40% (6.70-8.10), higher in people with a history of retinopathy (7.8%; p <0.01) and in patients who reported having cramps (7, 85 to 7.30; p = 0.03) or burning (8.0 vs 7.3; p <0.01). The percentage of patients with high-risk foot due to antecedents, inspection or screening for neuropathy or vascular disease represented from 40% in those with DM of less than five years of evolution to 86% in those who were older than 20 years. Conclusions: this high percentage of patients with foot at risk identified in this study suggests that, in addition to the correct physical examination, the attending physician requires the taking of behaviors, such as the indication of appropriate footwear or insoles, as well as a fluid referral to the orthotic technician, orthopedic surgeon, or physiatrist.


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus , Exame Físico , Pé Diabético , Extremidade Inferior , Neuropatias Diabéticas
9.
Acta Histochem ; 122(8): 151654, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33157489

RESUMO

While metastasis - the spread of cancer from the primary location to distant sites in the body - remains the principle cause of cancer death, it is incompletely understood. It is a complex process, requiring the metastatically successful cancer cell to negotiate a formidable series of interconnected steps, which are described in this paper. For each step, we review the range of in vitro assays that may be used to study them. We also provide a range of detailed, step-by-step protocols that can be undertaken in most modestly-equipped laboratories, including methods for converting qualitative observations into quantitative data for analysis. Assays include: (1) a gelatin degradation assay to study the ability of endothelial cells to degrade extracellular matrix during tumour angiogenesis; (2) the morphological characterisation of cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as they acquire motility; (3) a 'scratch' or 'wound-healing' assay to study cancer cell migration; (4) a transwell assay to study cancer cell invasion through extracellular matrix; and (5) a static adhesion assay to examine cancer cell interactions with, and adhesion to, endothelial monolayers. This toolkit of protocols will enable researchers who are interested in metastasis to begin to focus on defined aspects of the process. It is only by further understanding this complex, fascinating and clinically relevant series of events that we may ultimately devise ways of better treating, or even preventing, cancer metastasis. The assays may also be of more broad interest to researchers interested in studying aspects of cellular behaviour in relation to other developmental and disease processes.


Assuntos
Bioensaio , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Matriz Extracelular/química , Modelos Biológicos , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Cultura em Câmaras de Difusão , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Matriz Extracelular/patologia , Matriz Extracelular/ultraestrutura , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Gelatina/química , Gelatina/metabolismo , Coloide de Ouro/química , Humanos , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Neovascularização Patológica/genética , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Proteólise
10.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 80(5): 523-530, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33048798

RESUMO

Diabetic foot attack has an acute and severe presentation that threatens the affected limb and the patient's life. It is a term that arises from the need to identify those patients that require urgent intervention; it conveys a sense of urgency and severity, reminding the term of "time is tissue". The classic presentation is that of a severe infected foot with rapidly progressive necrosis that requires urgent surgery to debride all necrotic tissue and purulent collections, providing an adequate antibiotic treatment. Ischemic diabetic foot attack that demands urgent revascularization and the acute Charcot neuroarthropathy for which primacy is given to diagnostic confirmation and off-loading are also consid ered atypical presentations of diabetic foot attack. The aim of identifying these diabetic foot presentations is to promote rapid intervention to provide adequate and effective treatment, avoiding the most feared complication which is the limb amputation. In the present review, a description of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and evolution of the three types of diabetic foot attack is made.


El ataque de pie diabético tiene una presentación aguda y grave que representa una amenaza para la conservación del miembro afectado e incluso para la vida del paciente. Es un término que surge por la necesidad de facilitar la identificación de aquellos pacientes que requieren intervención urgente, dándole un sentido de urgencia y gravedad, reforzando el concepto de que "tiempo es tejido". Se han identificado tres situaciones en las cuales urge este tipo de intervención: el ataque de pie diabético infectado, donde el pie se presenta con una infección grave y con rápida progresión de necrosis que requiere internación, un desbridamiento rápido de tejido desvitalizado, drenaje de colecciones y tratamiento antibiótico; el ataque de pie diabético isquémico que implica isquemia progresiva y evolutiva y requiere revascularización urgente, y la neuroartropatía de Charcot en fase aguda que demanda rápida identificación y descarga. El reconocimiento oportuno de dichas presentaciones es fundamental para iniciar un tratamiento adecuado y mejorar la evolución de los pacientes. En la presente revisión, se realiza una descripción de la fisiopatología, presentación clínica, tratamiento y evolución de los tres tipos de ataque de pie diabético.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Pé Diabético/terapia , Amputação Cirúrgica , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico , , Humanos , Necrose , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(5): 523-530, ago. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287206

RESUMO

Resumen El ataque de pie diabético tiene una presentación aguda y grave que representa una amenaza para la conservación del miembro afectado e incluso para la vida del paciente. Es un término que surge por la necesidad de facilitar la identificación de aquellos pacientes que requieren intervención urgente, dándole un sentido de urgencia y gravedad, reforzando el concepto de que "tiempo es tejido". Se han identificado tres situaciones en las cuales urge este tipo de intervención: el ataque de pie diabético infectado, donde el pie se presenta con una infección grave y con rápida progresión de necrosis que requiere internación, un desbridamiento rápido de tejido desvitalizado, drenaje de colecciones y tratamiento antibiótico; el ataque de pie diabético isquémico que implica isquemia progresiva y evolutiva y requiere revascularización urgente, y la neuroartropatía de Charcot en fase aguda que demanda rápida identificación y descarga. El reconocimiento oportuno de dichas presentaciones es fundamental para iniciar un tratamiento adecuado y mejorar la evolución de los pacientes. En la presente revisión, se realiza una descripción de la fisiopatología, presentación clínica, tratamiento y evolución de los tres tipos de ataque de pie diabético.


Abstract Diabetic foot attack has an acute and severe presentation that threatens the affected limb and the patient´s life. It is a term that arises from the need to identify those patients that require urgent intervention; it conveys a sense of urgency and severity, reminding the term of "time is tissue". The classic presentation is that of a severe infected foot with rapidly progressive necrosis that requires urgent surgery to debride all necrotic tissue and purulent collections, providing an adequate antibiotic treatment. Ischemic diabetic foot attack that demands urgent revascularization and the acute Charcot neuroarthropathy for which primacy is given to diagnostic confirmation and off-loading are also considered atypical presentations of diabetic foot attack. The aim of identifying these diabetic foot presentations is to promote rapid intervention to provide adequate and effective treatment, avoiding the most feared complication which is the limb amputation. In the present review, a description of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and evolution of the three types of diabetic foot attack is made.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pé Diabético/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus , Resultado do Tratamento , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico , , Amputação Cirúrgica , Necrose
12.
Sci Signal ; 12(601)2019 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31575732

RESUMO

The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 stimulate inflammatory and antiviral responses by sensing nonself RNA molecules produced during viral replication. Here, we investigated how LGP2 regulates the RIG-I- and MDA5-dependent induction of type I interferon (IFN) signaling and showed that LGP2 interacted with different components of the RNA-silencing machinery. We identified a direct protein-protein interaction between LGP2 and the IFN-inducible, double-stranded RNA binding protein PACT. The LGP2-PACT interaction was mediated by the regulatory C-terminal domain of LGP2 and was necessary for inhibiting RIG-I-dependent responses and for amplifying MDA5-dependent responses. We described a point mutation within LGP2 that disrupted the LGP2-PACT interaction and led to the loss of LGP2-mediated regulation of RIG-I and MDA5 signaling. These results suggest a model in which the LGP2-PACT interaction regulates the inflammatory responses mediated by RIG-I and MDA5 and enables the cellular RNA-silencing machinery to coordinate with the innate immune response.


Assuntos
Antivirais/metabolismo , Proteína DEAD-box 58/metabolismo , Helicase IFIH1 Induzida por Interferon/metabolismo , RNA Helicases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Proteína DEAD-box 58/genética , Enterovirus Humano B/genética , Enterovirus Humano B/fisiologia , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Interferon Tipo I/genética , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Helicase IFIH1 Induzida por Interferon/genética , Mengovirus/genética , Mengovirus/fisiologia , Ligação Proteica , RNA Helicases/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Receptores Imunológicos , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Células Vero
13.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm ; 144: 50-56, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31419585

RESUMO

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid-enclosed particles that can carry various types of cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites. They are known to be released by all cell types and can be taken up by other cells, leading to the transfer of the cargo they carry. As such, they represent an important type of intercellular signalling and a natural mechanism for transferring macromolecules between cells. This ability to transfer cargo could be harnessed to deliver therapeutic molecules. Indeed, a growing body of work has described the attempt by the field to utilise EVs to deliver a range of therapeutics including RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9 and chemotherapeutics, to a specific target tissue. However, there are numerous barriers associated with the use of EVs as therapeutic vehicles, including the challenge of efficiently loading therapeutics into EVs, avoiding clearance of the EVs from circulation, targeting the correct tissue type and the inefficiency of internalisation and functional delivery of the cargo. Despite these difficulties, EVs represent a tremendous therapeutic opportunity, both for the delivery of exogenous cargo, as well as the therapeutic benefit of targeting aberrant EV signalling or treating patients with natural EVs, such as those released by mesenchymal stem cells. This review describes current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of EVs and the challenges faced by the field. Many of these challenges are due to a lack of complete understanding of EV function, but further research in this area should continue to yield new solutions that will lead to the use of EVs in the clinic.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Animais , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Nucleicos/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
14.
Actual. nutr ; 20(2): [34-42], Abril-Junio de 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087630

RESUMO

Introducción: analizar la injerencia de la adherencia al tratamiento en la evaluación clínica optimiza el uso de pruebas y evita intensificar tratamientos que pueden aumentar riesgos en los pacientes. Conocer sobre las variables influyentes implica el conocimiento y el control de factores relativos al cuidado de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Objetivos: analizar el efecto de la adherencia al tratamiento en adultos con DM2 en Argentina. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal. Se incluyeron 1.520 pacientes adultos con DM2 con tres o más meses de antigüedad de enfermedad residentes en Argentina. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado autorreferido. Se evaluó el grado de adherencia reportada, las recomendaciones dadas por el equipo de salud, las formas de adhesión y los motivos de incumplimiento por medio del Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). Resultados: representando diferentes regiones geográficas, la media de adherencia general para todas las características fue 4,32 (61,71%); los peores puntajes para la adherencia correspondieron a la actividad física, el monitoreo glucémico y la dieta en orden ascendente. Se observaron carencias en las recomendaciones por parte del equipo de salud al momento de indicar medidas higiénico dietéticas. Conclusiones: los resultados nacionales observados guardan similitud en la dieta, la actividad física y la disminución en el consumo de tabaco con respecto a los datos prevalentes proveniente de la Cuarta Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo


Introduction: analyzing the interference of adherence to treatment in clinical evaluation optimizes the use of tests and avoids intensifying treatments that may increase risks in patients. Knowing about the influential variables implies the knowledge and control of factors related to the care of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D). Objectives: to analyze the effect of adherence to treatment in adults with T2D in Argentina. Materials and methods: transversal study. We included 1.520 adult patients with T2D with 3 or more months of illness in Argentina. A validated self-reported questionnaire was applied. The degree of adherence reported, the recommendations given by the health team, the forms of adherence and the reasons for non-compliance through the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) were evaluated. Results: representing different geographical regions, the mean of general adherence for all the characteristics was 4.32 (61.71%); the worst scores for adherence corresponded to physical activity, glycemic monitoring and diet in ascending order. There were shortcomings in the recommendations by the health team when indicating hygienic dietary measures. Conclusions: the observed national results are similar in diet, physical activity and the decrease in tobacco consumption with respect to prevailing data from the Fourth National Survey of Risk Factors.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento
15.
Biochem Soc Trans ; 47(1): 295-304, 2019 02 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30700499

RESUMO

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed when they are already in the later stages of the disease. Earlier detection of OC dramatically improves the overall survival, but this is rarely achieved as there is a lack of clinically implemented biomarkers of early disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small cell-derived vesicles that have been extensively studied in recent years. They contribute to various aspects of cancer pathology, including tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. EVs are released from all cell types and the macromolecular cargo they carry reflects the content of the cells from which they were derived. Cancer cells release EVs with altered cargo into biofluids, and so, they represent an excellent potential source of novel biomarkers for the disease. In this review, we describe the latest developments in EVs as potential biomarkers for earlier detection of OC. The field is still relatively young, but many studies have shown that EVs and the cargo they carry, including miRNAs and proteins, can be used to detect OC. They could also give insights into the stage of the disease and predict the likely therapeutic outcome. There remain many challenges to the use of EVs as biomarkers, but, through ongoing research and innovation in this exciting field, there is great potential for the development of diagnostic assays in the clinic that could improve patient outcome.


Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Vesículas Extracelulares/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia
16.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 53(1): 3-15, Ene.-Abr. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1021879

RESUMO

Introducción: el pie diabético es una complicación que se presenta del 15 al 25% de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) a lo largo de su vida. Una vez que aparece, demanda un abordaje multidisciplinario y a menudo requiere internación. Estas internaciones suelen ser prolongadas y costosas dado que para su atención se necesitan complejos procedimientos de diagnóstico y tratamiento. En este contexto, el conocimiento de los datos acerca de la internación de pacientes con pie diabético es importante al momento de tomar decisiones de salud pública e implementar acciones para la prevención, derivación temprana, referencia y contrarreferencia de pacientes. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de DM y la tasa de pie diabético (PD) en pacientes internados. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 6.776 pacientes internados en 104 instituciones argentinas. El estudio se realizó durante un día elegido por cada institución dentro de un lapso de dos meses (septiembre y octubre de 2017). Resultados: la prevalencia de DM fue de 17,86% y la tasa de PD 14,11%. La tasa de pie diabético con lesiones Wagner 1 o mayor fue de 4,47%. El pie diabético fue el motivo de internación en el 3,16% del total de internados y al 17,85% de los diabéticos internados. Conclusiones: en nuestro conocimiento, este trabajo es el primero realizado en Argentina que abarca ese tamaño muestral y sienta precedente para nuevos trabajos de investigación en el tema


Introduction: diabetic foot is a chronic complication that occurs in 15% to 25% of diabetic patients. Once it appears, a multidisciplinary team shoud be necessary to care for that patients. Patients suffering from diabetic foot often requires treatment as inpatients. In this context, knowlege about information related to the hospitalization of diabetic foot is very important in making decisions about public health, related to prevention and treatment. Objectives: the purpose of this study was to determinate the prevalence of diabetes and the rate of diabetic foot among patients. Materials and methods: a total of 6,776 patients were studied in 104 Argentine institutions. The study was conducted during a day chosen by each institution within a period of two months (September and October 2017). Results: the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17.86%, while the rate of diabetic foot was 14.11%. The rate of diabetic foot classified as Wagner >=1 was 4.47%. Diabetic foot was the reason for admission in 3.16% of patients and 17.85% of diabetic patients. Conclusions: in our knowledge, this is the largest study in Argentina and lays the foundation for further investigation in this topic


Assuntos
Pé Diabético , Diabetes Mellitus , Hospitalização
17.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 53(3): 87-96, sept-dic. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102930

RESUMO

Introducción: la adherencia al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en el adulto es un tema complejo y multifactorial que aúna aspectos propios de la enfermedad como no propios, los cuales impactan en la calidad de vida. En Argentina se presentan grandes dificultades al costear la totalidad del tratamiento de la enfermedad. El impacto del ingreso sobre el gasto en salud en DM2 es mayor para los niveles más bajos de ingresos. Objetivos: analizar en adultos con DM2 en Argentina diferencias en variables de calidad de vida y objetivos metabólicos según regiones geográficas y prestación en salud; conocer el gasto de bolsillo en salud y los costos en salud vinculados a DM2; establecer la asociación entre el gasto de bolsillo con variables socioeconómicas y el cumplimiento de los objetivos metabólicos. Materiales y métodos: sobre ocho regiones geográficas de la República Argentina se incluyeron 1.520 pacientes adultos con DM2 y se los clasificó según prestación en salud (sin prestación, con prestación o jubilados). Se aplicó cuestionario validado autorreferido. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas por región geográfica para jubilación prematura por DM2, pérdida de percepción de calidad de vida y cumplimiento de los objetivos metabólicos. Se encontró significancia estadística del gasto de bolsillo con la presencia de subsidio familiar, la jubilación prematura por DM2 y el cumplimiento de los objetivos metabólicos. Conclusiones: se observó disparidad entre las variables de calidad de vida, el gasto en salud y la percepción de subsidios


Introduction: adherence to treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DT2) in the adult is a complex and multifactorial issue that combines aspects of the disease as not own, which impact on the quality of life. In Argentina there are great difficulties in paying for the entire treatment of the disease. The impact of income on health spending in DT2 is greater for lower income levels. Objectives: to analyze differences in quality of life and metabolic objectives according to geographic regions and health benefits in adults with DT2 in Argentina; know the out of pocket expenses in health and health costs linked to DT2; establish an association between out of pocket spending with socioeconomic variables and compliance with metabolic objectives. Materials and methods: over eight geographic regions of the Argentine Republic, 1.520 adult patients with DT2 were classified according to health benefit (without benefit, with benefits or retirees). Validated self-reported questionnaire was applied. Results: significant differences were found by geographic region for premature retirement due to DT2, the loss of perception of quality of life and the fulfillment of metabolic objectives. Statistical significance of out-of-pocket spending was found with the presence of family allowance, early retirement by DT2 and compliance with metabolic objectives. Conclusions: disparity between the variables of quality of life, health expenditure and perception of subsidies was observed


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento
18.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 53(3): 97-108, sept-dic. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102938

RESUMO

Introducción: la interrupción en la adherencia a los tratamientos prescriptos genera obstáculos importantes los cuales impactan negativamente en los indicadores de salud. Objetivos: evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en Argentina, y establecer la asociación con el tipo de prestación de atención en salud y la ubicación geográfica. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron 1.520 individuos pertenecientes a ocho regiones diferentes de la República Argentina durante 2015. Se realizó un estudio transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado autorreferido de opciones múltiples con respuestas policotómicas de puntuación simple. Se empleó una escala cuantitativa y un análisis multivariado de componentes principales. Resultados: la edad media fue de 60,2 años y la antigüedad de DM2 referida correspondió a 10,1 años. La media de HbA1c fue de 7,85%. La media de adherencia general para todas las características fue 4,32 (61,71%). Los resultados de adherencia encontrados se asemejan a otros países en desarrollo a excepción del cuidado de los pies. El factor cuidado de los pies en nuestro país reporta escalas de mayor adherencia. Se detectaron resultados tal vez redundantes como la mayor adherencia al monitoreo en las terapias de uso con insulina, y menores para dieta, ejercicio y solo uso de antidiabéticos orales (ADO), así como también la mayor adherencia en medicación en las terapias con insulina e insulina más ADO. Conclusiones: son alarmantes las bajas escalas referidas al grupo con solo dieta y ejercicio


Introduction: the interruption in the adherence to the prescribed treatments generates important obstacles which negatively impact on health indicators. Objectives: to evaluate adherence to treatment in adult patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DT2) in Argentina; associate with the type of health care provision and location. Materials and methods: we included 1.520 individuals belonging to eight different geographical regions of the Argentine Republic during 2015. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A self-reported validated questionnaire of multiple options with simple scoring polycotomic responses was applied. A quantitative scale and a multivariate analysis of main components were applied. Results: the average age was 60.2 years and the seniority of the referred DT2 corresponded to 10.1 years. The average HbA1c was 7.85%. The average general adherence for all characteristics was 4.32 (61.71%). The adherence results found are similar to other developing countries except for the care of the feet. The care factor of the feet in our country report scales of greater adherence. Redundant results are observed, such as greater adherence to monitoring in insulin therapy and less for diet and exercise and only oral antidiabetic drugs (ADO), as well as greater medication adherence in insulin and insulin therapies more ADO. Conclusions: the low scales referred to the group with only diet and exercise are alarming


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento
19.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes ; 53(3): 109-116, sept-dic. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103119

RESUMO

Introducción: si bien la idea tradicional ha sido que los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) son delgados, la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad ha aumentado en paralelo con la población general. El tratamiento intensivo disminuyó las complicaciones microvasculares pero generó sobreinsulinización, hipoglucemias, ingesta defensiva y ganancia de peso, con coexistencia de elementos del síndrome metabólico. Objetivos: determinar en pacientes adultos con DM1 la frecuencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el grado de insulinorresistencia asociados. Pacientes y métodos: se estratificaron 414 DM1 ≥18 años, mujeres 52%, edad 34,8±13,9 años, de 14 departamentos de la provincia de Mendoza según IMC en normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad. Se analizaron: edad, actividad física (AF) ≥3 veces/semana, HbA1c, LDL-C <100 mg/dL, hipertensión arterial (HTA), nivel de instrucción y sensibilidad a la insulina según tasa estimada de disposición de glucosa (TeDG) por fórmula de Williams y Orchard. Resultados: sobrepeso (S) presentó el 34,2% y obesidad (O) el 10%. Las mujeres mostraron mayor frecuencia de normopeso que los varones (62% vs 49%; p=0,01), menor frecuencia de S (28% vs 41%; p=0,005) y sin diferencia de O (10% vs 9,5%; p=0,87). Hubo aumento de S/O con la edad (p<0,0001). La presión arterial sistólica (PAS) ≥130 mmHg fue más frecuente en O (54%), que en S (29%) y que en normopeso (16%) (p<0,0001). La TeDG fue de 9,14±1,64 mg/kg/min en normopeso, 7,62±1,67 mg/kg/min en S y 6,02±2,20 mg/kg/min en O (p<0,0001). LDL-C ≤100 mg/dL fue porcentualmente más frecuente en normopeso (61%) que en S (51%) y que en O (46%) sin alcanzar diferencia significativa (p=0,08). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los tres grupos en HbA1c, AF ≥3 veces/semana ni en nivel de instrucción. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de S/O en DM1 adultos (44,2%) es alta y similar a observaciones recientes. El incremento es marcado entre los 25-50 años. El S/O se asociaron fuertemente con HTA e insulinorresistencia. El control del peso debe ser un objetivo prioritario en las personas con DM1


Introduction: while the traditional idea has been that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) are thin, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in parallel with the general population. Intensive treatment reduced microvascular complications, but generated overinsulinization, hypoglycemia, defensive intake and weight gain, with coexistence of elements of the metabolic syndrome. Objectives: to determine the frequency of overweight, obesity and the associated risk factors and degree of insulin resistance in patients with DM1. Patients and methods: 414 DM1 ≥18 years, women 52%, age 34.8±13.9 years of 14 departments of the province of Mendoza were stratified according to BMI in normal weight N, overweight and obesity. The following were analyzed: age, physical activity (PA) ≥3 times/week, HbA1c, LDL-C <100 mg/ dL, HBP, level of education and insulin sensitivity according to the estimated rate of glucose disposition (ERGD) per Williams formula. Results: overweight (OW) presented 34.2% and obesity (O) 10%. Women presented a higher frequency of normal weight than men (62% vs 49%; p=0.01), lower frequency of OW (28% vs 41%; p=0.005) and without difference of O (10% vs 9.5%; p=0.87). There was an increase in OW/O with age (p<0.0001). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mmHg was more frequent in O (54%) than in OW (29%) and in normal weight (16%) (p<0.0001). The ERGD was 9.14±1.64 mg/kg/min in the normal weight, 7.62±1.67 mg/kg/min in the OW and 6.02±2.20 mg/kg/min in the O (p<0.0001). LDL-C ≤100 mg/dL was percentage more frequent in normal weight (61%) than in OW (51%) and in O (46%) without reaching significant difference (p=0.08). There were no significant differences between the three groups in HbA1c, PA ≥3 times/week or in the level of instruction. Conclusions: the frequency of OW/O in adult DM1 (44.2%) is high and like recent observations. The increase is marked between 25-50 years. OW/O was strongly associated with hypertension and insulin resistance. Weight control should be a priority goal in people with DM1


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Sobrepeso , Obesidade
20.
J Sci Food Agric ; 98(15): 5581-5590, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29687897

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The direct use of phenolic extracts from grape by-products can be useful when formulating functional food to improve consumer health. The use of phenolic extracts instead of pure polyphenols as an ingredient is relevant in this context. The present study investigated the bioavailability and absorption of polyphenols from grape by-product extracts and their health effect on cholesterolemia, by adding the extract (GE) to Wistar rats diet (50 g kg-1 ) in vivo. RESULTS: GE caused the appearance of (+)-catechin, myricetin and quercetic acid in plasma and liver. (+)-Catechin was the most abundant compound (6 µg mL-1 in plasma and 0.7 µg mg-1 protein in liver), whereas no phenolic compounds were detected in plasma or liver in the control group. Similarly, 3,4-hydroxyphenylacetic, a major product of polyphenol digestion, was detected in the plasma, liver and urine of the GE-group only. GE-group had significantly lower cholesterol level and lower total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio in plasma. Total bile acid content significantly increased in fecal matter after 24 h administration of the GE-enriched diet. CONCLUSION: Grape extract polyphenols are partially bioavailable and showed improvement in lipid metabolism. Thus, the results suggest that GE is promising as a functional ingredient in the prevention of hypercholesterolemia. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Hipercolesterolemia/prevenção & controle , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacocinética , Polifenóis/farmacocinética , Vitis/química , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Colesterol/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Hiperlipidemias/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Resíduos/análise
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