RESUMO
Taurodontism is an anomaly that affects posterior teeth, vertically increasing the size of the pulp chamber, mimicking the shape of bovine teeth, being only evidenced in diagnostic images. This report describes a case of taurodontism in a mandibular second molar, highlighting the forensic importance of this dental anomaly with relevant potential for human identification, not only for its morphological aspect but also for its relatively low frequency in mandibular second molars. In the case under study, the individual did not have any restored teeth. Thus, the set of diverse imaging modalities is fundamental to identify the anatomy of teeth and roots, the only information that could be used in a hypothetical identification situation, assigning to this anomaly an exceptional relevance as a potential characteristic for positive identification.