Tear Trough and Lid-Cheek Junction Anatomy: Current Understanding and Nonsurgical Treatment.

The tear trough and lower eyelid are sentinel sites of facial aging and are increasingly the target of nonsurgical aesthetic procedures. This article will review the advances that have led to our current understanding of tear trough anatomy. We propose a new functional classification of the lid-cheek junction for soft tissue filler treatment, and suggest simpler stratification of patients seeking lower eyelid treatment based on the etiology of their tear trough depression. We aim to describe a stepwise approach to management, with specific technical considerations targeting the underlying causes of lower eyelid pathology. The common complications and pitfalls of nonsurgical tear trough management will be discussed.

Unusual Vascular Supply to Extensor Digitorum Brevis.

Lower limb reconstruction after a traumatic event has always been a challenge for plastic surgeons. The reliability of vessel integrity postinjury often drives us away from a local reconstructive option. With the advancement of computed tomography angiogram, it can not only demonstrate the continuation of major vessels but also helps to map the vascular supply at a perforator level. We hereby report an incidentally identified anatomical variant with dual dominant blood supply to the extensor digitorum brevis muscle from an extra branch of anterior tibial artery originated at midtibial level. This variant was picked up preoperatively by computed tomography angiogram and confirmed intraoperatively to be one of the dominant supply. We took advantage of this unusual anatomy by basing our reconstruction on this branch and hence spared the need to terminalize distal dorsalis pedis artery.