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1.
PLoS One ; 12(3): e0174679, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28358837

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the dietary changes needed to achieve nutritional adequacy across income levels at constant energy and diet cost. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Individual diet modelling was used to design iso-caloric, nutritionally adequate optimised diets for each observed diet in a sample of adult normo-reporters aged ≥20 years (n = 1,719) from the Individual and National Dietary Survey (INCA2), 2006-2007. Diet cost was estimated from mean national food prices (2006-2007). A first set of free-cost models explored the impact of optimisation on the variation of diet cost. A second set of iso-cost models explored the dietary changes induced by the optimisation with cost set equal to the observed one. Analyses of dietary changes were conducted by income quintiles, adjusting for energy intake, sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, and smoking status. RESULTS: The cost of observed diets increased with increasing income quintiles. In free-cost models, the optimisation increased diet cost on average (+0.22 ± 1.03 euros/d) and within each income quintile, with no significant difference between quintiles, but with systematic increases for observed costs lower than 3.85 euros/d. In iso-cost models, it was possible to design nutritionally adequate diets whatever the initial observed cost. On average, the optimisation at iso-cost increased fruits and vegetables (+171 g/day), starchy foods (+121 g/d), water and beverages (+91 g/d), and dairy products (+20 g/d), and decreased the other food groups (e.g. mixed dishes and salted snacks), leading to increased total diet weight (+300 g/d). Those changes were mostly similar across income quintiles, but lower-income individuals needed to introduce significantly more fruit and vegetables than higher-income ones. CONCLUSIONS: In France, the dietary changes needed to reach nutritional adequacy without increasing cost are similar regardless of income, but may be more difficult to implement when the budget for food is lower than 3.85 euros/d.


Assuntos
Dieta/normas , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Valor Nutritivo/fisiologia , Adulto , Custos e Análise de Custo/economia , Dieta/economia , Registros de Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , França , Frutas , Humanos , Renda , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Política Nutricional , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Verduras
2.
J Acad Nutr Diet ; 117(6): 878-888, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28024800

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The European study MetaCardis aims to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiometabolic diseases in France, Germany, and Denmark. To evaluate long-term diet-disease relationships, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was found to be the most relevant dietary assessment method for the MetaCardis study. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to describe the development of three semiquantitative online FFQs used in the MetaCardis study-one FFQ per country-and to assess the relative validity of the French MetaCardis FFQ. DESIGN: The layout and format of the MetaCardis FFQ was based on the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk FFQ and the content was based on relevant European FFQs. Portion size and nutrient composition were derived from national food consumption surveys and food composition databases. To assess the validity of the French MetaCardis FFQ, a cross-sectional study design was utilized. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The validation study included 324 adults recruited between September 2013 and June 2015 from different hospitals in Paris, France. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Food intakes were measured with both the French MetaCardis FFQ and 3 consecutive self-administered web-based 24-hour dietary recalls (DRs). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Several measures of validity of the French MetaCardis FFQ were evaluated: estimations of food groups, energy, and nutrient intakes from the DRs and the FFQ, Spearman and Pearson correlations, cross-classification, and Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS: The French MetaCardis FFQ tended to report higher food, energy, and nutrient intakes compared with the DRs. Mean correlation coefficient was 0.429 for food, 0.460 for energy, 0.544 for macronutrients, 0.640 for alcohol, and 0.503 for micronutrient intakes. Almost half of participants (44.4%) were correctly classified within tertiles of consumption, whereas 12.9% were misclassified in the opposite tertile. Performance of the FFQ was relatively similar after stratification by sex. CONCLUSIONS: The French MetaCardis FFQ was found to have an acceptable level of validity and may be a useful instrument to rank individuals based on their food and nutrient intakes.


Assuntos
Dieta , Avaliação Nutricional , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Dinamarca , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Feminino , França , Alemanha , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho da Porção , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autoadministração
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