[Evaluation of compliance with the antibiotic prophylaxis protocol in hysterectomy. Prospective cohort study]. / Evaluación de la adecuación al protocolo de profilaxis antibiótica en histerectomías. Estudio de cohortes prospectivo.

OBJECTIVE: Health care-related infections are a public health problem, among them surgical site infection (SSI) are the most frequent in hospitals. The objetive of this study was to assess the effect of the compliance to antibiotic prophylaxis protocol on the incidence of surgical site infection in hysterectomized patients. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was carried out between October 2009 and December 2018. The incidence of SSI was studied after a maximum period of 30 days from the moment of surgery. The degree of adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in hysterectomy and the effect of its inadequacy on the incidence of infection was evaluated using relative risk (RR) adjusted with a logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 1,025 interventions were studied in 1,022 women. The cumulative incidence of SSI was 2,1% (n = 22). The most frequent etiology of infection was Escherichia coli (23.1%) and Proteus mirabilis (23.1%). Antibiotic prophylaxis was indicated in 1,014 interventions (98.9%) being administered in 1,009 of them (99.5%). The adherence to the protocol was 92,5%. The main cause of non-compliance was the time of onset (40.9%), followed by the choice of the antibiotic (35.2%). The effect of inadequate prophylaxis on the incidence of infection was RR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.2-3.9; p> 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis was very high, with a low incidence of surgical site infection. No association was found between adequacy of prophylaxis and incidence of infection in hysterectomy. The continuous improvement of epidemiological surveillance in gynecology should be emphasized.

[Assessment of antibiotic prophylaxis adequacy in rectal surgery]. / Evaluación de la adecuación de la profilaxis antibiótica en la cirugía de recto.

OBJECTIVE: Antibiotic prophylaxis is the most suitable tool for preventing surgical site infection (SSI), so the development of guidelines and assessment of its monitoring is essential. In this study protocol compliance of antibiotic prophylaxis in rectal surgery and the effect of its adequacy in terms of pre-ention of SSI was assessed. METHODS: Prospective cohort study was conducted from 1 January 2009 to 30 December 2015. The degree of compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis and causes of non-compliance in rectal surgery was evaluated. The incidence of SSI was studied after a maximum period of 30 days of incubation. To assess the effect of prophylaxis non-compliance on SSI the relative risk (RR) adjusted with the aid of a logistic regression model was used. RESULTS: The study covered a total of 244 patients. The patients infected reached 20 cases with a SSI cumulative incidence of 8.2% (CI95%: 4.8-11.6). Antibiotic prophylaxis was indicated in all patients and was administered in 98% of cases, with an overall protocol compliance 92.5%. The principal cause of non-compliance was the choice of antibiotic 55.6% (n=10). The effect of inadequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis on surgical infection was RR=0.58, CI95%: 0.10-4.10 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis was high. No relationship between the adequacy of prophylaxis and incidence of surgical site infection in rectal surgery was found.

Epidemiology and outcome of candidaemia in patients with oncological and haematological malignancies: results from a population-based surveillance in Spain.

A prospective, population-based surveillance on candidaemia was implemented in five metropolitan areas of Spain from May 2010 to April 2011. We aimed to describe the distribution and susceptibility pattern of Candida species, and to evaluate risk factors for mortality in patients with oncological (solid tumours) and haematological malignancies. Adults (≥ 16 years) with cancer were included in the present report. Impact of therapeutic strategies on 7- and 30-day mortality were analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for propensity score by inverse weighting probability of receiving early antifungal treatment and catheter removal. We included 238 (32.6%) patients (195 oncological, 43 haematological). Compared with oncological patients, haematological patients were more likely to have received chemotherapy (53.5% versus 17.4%, p < 0.001) or corticosteroids (41.9% versus 21%, p < 0.001), and have neutropenia (44.2% versus 1.5%, p < 0.001). Overall, 14.8% of patients developed breakthrough candidaemia. Non-albicans Candida species (71.1% versus 55.6%, p 0.056) and Candida tropicalis (22.2% versus 7.6%, p 0.011) were more frequent in haematological patients. Based on EUCAST breakpoints, 27.6% of Candida isolates were non-susceptible to fluconazole. Resistance to echinocandins was negligible. Mortality at 7 and 30 days was 12.2% and 31.5%, respectively, and did not differ significantly between the patient groups. Prompt antifungal therapy together with catheter removal (≤ 48 hours) was associated with lower mortality at 7 days (adjusted OR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01-0.42) and 30 days (adjusted OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.16-0.46). In conclusion, non-albicans species are emerging as the predominant isolates, particularly in haematological patients. Prompt, adequate antifungal treatment plus catheter removal may lead to a reduction in mortality.