Iron Chelation Remits Memory Deficits Caused by the High-Fat Diet in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide health problem that has been implicated in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by two pathologies, including extracellular senior plaques composed of amyloid-ß (Aß) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau. According to current research, a high-fat diet (HFD) could exacerbate Aß accumulation, oxidative damage, and cognitive defects in AD mice. However, the accurate role of HFD in the pathogenesis of AD is far more unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the accurate role of HFD in the pathogenesis of AD. METHODS: Open Field, Barns Maze, Elevated zero-maze, Contextual fear condition, Tail suspension test, western blotting, immunofluorescence, Fluoro-Jade C Labeling, Perls' Prussian blue staining, and ELISA were used. RESULTS: HFD caused nonheme iron overload in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. Furthermore, the administration of M30 (0.5 mg/kg) for iron chelation once every 2 days per os (p.o.) for 1 month remitted memory deficits caused by HFD in APP/PS1 mice. Notably, a variety of hematological parameters in whole blood had no difference after iron chelation. In addition, iron chelation effectively reduced synaptic impairment in hippocampus and neuronal degeneration in cortex in the HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, iron chelation decreased Aß1-40 and Aß1-42 level as well as neuroinflammation in HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION: These data enhance our understanding of how HFD aggravates AD pathology and cognitive impairments and might shed light on future preclinical studies.

Case report: tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to post-intubation tracheomegaly in a tetanus patient.

Tracheomegaly and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) may be complicated within 12-200 days (with a mean of 43 days) of mechanical ventilation but rare in short-term intubation. Here we present a case of TEF secondary to post-intubation tracheomegaly in a tetanus patient. A 49-year-old male was admitted to the emergency room (ER) and diagnosed with tetanus. He became intubated and mechanically ventilated, but showed over-inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff on X-ray and chest computed tomography since the 8th day. After extubation, the patient had severe coughing during eating. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and gastroscopy demonstrated a TEF located at the anterior wall of the esophagus. Esophageal exclusion and jejunostomy were performed to heal the fistula. The recurrent and uncontrollable muscular rigidity and spasms might be the main cause early tracheomegaly and TEF. Short-term intubation induced TEF should be aware of in specific patients. Both cuff pressure and cuff volume should be monitored to minimize tracheoesophageal injuries in such cases.