Experimental study of the effectiveness of warm ischemia and cold ischemia during testis-sparing surgery in rats.

INTRODUCTION: The postpubertal effects of testis-sparing surgery on prepubertal testicular tumors are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of different durations of warm and cold ischemia during a rat prepubertal testis-sparing surgery model on the ischemic and contralateral normal testes in the postpubertal period. STUDY DESIGN: The study encompassed a group of 54 male rats in the prepubertal stage who were then arranged to be put into nine groups: sham (Sh), control-cold (Cc), control-biopsy (Cb), 30, 60 or 90min warm ischemia (WIb30,WIb60,WIb90) and cold ischemia (CIb30,CIb60,CIb90). In the ischemia groups, a microvascular clamp was applied to the right spermatic cord, then testicular biopsy was taken. In the cold ischemia groups, the testicles were preserved in sterile ice mud. After the experiment, the rats were observed for 4 weeks to pinpoint any changes during their progression into the post-pubertal period. Bilateral orchiectomy materials were examined histopathologically, and Johnsen scores were used to evaluate postpubertal fertility potential. RESULTS: In our investigation, rats in all groups exhibited similar weight gains. The postpubertal size of the right testis in the testicular biopsy groups was found to be smaller compared to the remaining groups. In the warm ischemia group, testicular atrophy occurred after ischemic duration exceeding 30 min. Conversely, no testicular atrophy was observed in the cold ischemia groups. The dimensions of the rats' left testicles were similar. On histopathology, right testicular Johnsen scores were significantly lower in the warm ischemic groups than in the cold ischemic groups. DISCUSSION: Our study is the first to investigate the postpubertal effects of varying durations of warm and cold ischemia in a prepubertal testis-sparing surgery model. In our study, the Johnsen scores of testes subjected to 30, 60, and 90 min of ischemia were found to be higher in the cold ischemia groups compared to the warm ischemia groups. As the ischemia duration prolonged, a discernible progression of testicular atrophy was observed in the warm ischemia groups, contrasting with the sustained stability of testicular sizes in the cold ischemia groups. CONCLUSIONS: Warm ischemia applied to the testis causes damage to the testicle within the first 30 min and leads to atrophy after 30 min. In the cases of warm ischemia, both the Johnsen scores, which serve as indicators of post-pubertal fertility, and the testicular size decline in parallel with the duration of ischemia.

Use of a dexamethasone implant to treat macular edema following pars plana vitrectomy and removal of the primary epiretinal membrane.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant for the treatment of macular edema (ME) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and removal of the primary epiretinal membrane (ERM) and to assess the impact of the integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and disorganization of the retinal inner layer (DRIL) grade on visual and anatomical outcomes. METHODS: Forty-two pseudophakic patients who developed ME following PPV and removal of the primary stage 2-3 ERM were included. Patients were divided into two groups when ME was diagnosed via spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In the DEX group (n = 22), DEX was implanted for the treatment of ME. In the control group (n = 20), only observation was conducted, without any treatment. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular thickness (MT) of the two groups were compared at baseline and 1, 6, and 12 months after DEX implantation. The effects of OCT parameters such as EZ integrity and DRIL grade were also evaluated in terms of decreases in MT and increases in VA in the treatment of ME with DEX implantation. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of DEX implantations and adverse effects were also recorded. RESULTS: While a statistically significant increase in the mean BCVA was observed in the DEX group (p < 0.001 at months 1, 6, and 12, respectively), no such increase was detected in the control group (p = 0.169, p = 0.065, and p = 0.058 at months 1, 6 and 12, respectively) compared with the baseline. A statistically significant decrease in the mean MT was observed in the DEX group (p < 0.001 at months 1, 6, and 12); however, no significant difference was observed in the control group (p = 0.081, p = 0.065, and p = 0.054 at months 1, 6 and 12, respectively) compared with the baseline. Significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the increase in BCVA (p < 0.01) and decrease in MT (p < 0.01) at all visits, with the outcomes being more favorable in the DEX group. A statistically significant relationship was found between the increase in VA and EZ integrity and DRIL grade in both groups. Ten patients (45.4%) received two injections of DEX during the follow-up. An increase in IOP was observed in five patients (22.7%) who were treated with topical antiglaucomatous drops. No significant side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: DEX implantation was found to be effective and safe for the treatment of ME following PPV and primary ERM removal, although some eyes may require repeated injections to achieve visual and anatomical success. Additionally, a relationship was found between EZ integrity, DRIL grade and visual-anatomical outcomes.

Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex thickness in diabetic smokers without diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE: To compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) in smoker and nonsmoker diabetics without diabetic retinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with diabetes were divided into two groups according to their smoking status: Group 1 consisted of 38 smoker diabetics who had chronically smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day for more than five years; Group 2 consisted of 38 nonsmoker diabetics. After a detailed ophthalmologic examination, the mean and regional (superior, supratemporal, inferior, inferotemporal, temporal, nasal, superonasal, and inferonasal) RNFL and GC-IPL thicknesses were measured with spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.7 ± 10.5 and 51.2 ± 9.7 years in the smoker and nonsmoker groups, respectively (p = 0.14). Gender, duration of diabetes, and the mean axial length were similar between groups (p:0.43, p:0.54, p: 0.52, respectively). Mean RNFL thickness was 89.1 ± 8.0 µm in the smoker group and 93.4 ± 7.0 µm in the nonsmoker group, and it was significantly thinner in the smoker group (p = 0.01). The temporal RNFL thickness in the smoker group was thinner than in the nonsmoker group (p = 0.02). There was no difference in superior, inferior, and nasal RNFL thicknesses between the groups (p = 0.31, p = 0.12, p = 0.39, respectively). The mean macular GC-IPL thickness of the smoker and nonsmoker groups was 78.53 ± 15.74 µm and 83.08 ± 5.85 µm, respectively (p = 0.09). Superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, inferotemporal, and superotemporal quadrant GC-IPL thicknesses were similar between the groups (p = 0.07, p = 0.60, p = 0.55, p = 0.77, p = 0.71, p = 0.08, respectively). The groups showed no difference in minimum GC-IPL thickness (p = 0.43). There was a significant negative correlation between smoking exposure and mean, inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses in the smoker group (p = 0.04, r= -0.32, and p = 0.01, r= -0.39, respectively). CONCLUSION: Mean RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in smoker diabetics. Although not statistically significant, especially mean, superior, and superotemporal GC-IPL was thinner in smoker diabetics. The results suggest a potential association between the coexistence of diabetes and smoking with alterations in RNFL and GC-IPL thickness.

Characteristics of pediatric traumatic cataract and factors affecting visual outcomes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, surgical approach and visual results in pediatric traumatic cataract. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of pediatric and adult traumatic cataract patients were retrospectively analyzed. Age, gender, cause and zone of trauma, additional clinical findings, initial and final visual acuity (VA) were analyzed and compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean age of 18 patients in the pediatric group was 9.4(SD 5.7); 18 patients in the adult group was 47.8(16.2) years. There was a male predominance in both groups (12/16 male, respectively). The most common cause of trauma was sharp metal objects (50%) in the pediatric group and wooden and traffic accidents (33%) in the adult group. The initial mean VA of the patients were 0.03(0.09), 0.09(0.1) in the pediatric and adult groups, respectively, (p: 0.34). The mean ocular trauma score (OTS) was 51.4(16.4) and 59.6(10.5) in the pediatric and adult groups, respectively (p: 0.09). Simultaneous surgery was performed in 5 (28%) eyes in both groups. Subsequent lens extraction and IOL implantation were performed in 10 of pediatric and 13 of adult patients. The final VA was 0.3(0.7), 0.3(0.4) in the pediatric and adult group, respectively (p: 0.94). Final VA was correlated with OTS in both of the groups and the presence of additional surgery in the pediatric group. CONCLUSION: Traumatic cataract is a major cause of visual loss in children. Lower OTS and presence of additional surgery were the prognostic factors for poor final VA in the pediatric cases. Optimal timing and accurate management of traumatic cataract are important in the pediatric population.

Serum inflammatory marker levels in serous macular detachment secondary to diabetic macular edema.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the serum inflammatory marker levels in serous macular detachment (SMD) secondary to diabetic macular edema (DME). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with DME were divided into two groups according to the presence of SMD. Group 1 consisted of 40 patients with SMD, Group 2 consisted of 40 patients without SMD, and Group 3 consisted of 40 healthy subjects. Neutrophil and mean platelet volume (MPV) were obtained from blood samples. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were calculated. In Group 1 and 2 sub-group analysis was done according to grade of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the results were analyzed in these subgroups. RESULTS: The neutrophils, MPV, NLR, and SII levels were significantly higher in Group 1 (p = 0.000, p = 0.004, p = 0.000, p = 0.001, respectively). In subgroup analysis; the neutrophils, NLR, and SII levels were significantly higher in patients with proliferative DR (p = 0.044, p = 0.046, p = 0.046, respectively) and the SII levels were significantly higher in patients with severe nonproliferative DR in Group 1 (p = 0.039). The mean CMT values were 548.8 ± 138.3 µm in Group 1 and 420.1 ± 112.7 µm in Group 2. The CMT values were significantly higher in Group 1 (p: 0.000). However, there was no significant correlation between the CMT values and the systemic inflamatuar markers levels (p>0.05) in both of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: NLR and SII levels were significantly higher in DME with SMD, especially in advanced cases. Elevated serum inflammatory markers might be associated with a higher incidence of SMD.

The effect of pterygium surgery on intraocular lens power and ocular biometric parameters.

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of pterygium surgery on intraocular lens (IOL) power and ocular biometric parameters and to evaluate the factors affecting these parameters. METHODS: Twenty-eight eyes of 25 patients diagnosed with pterygium were evaluated. Axial length (AL), mean keratometry (Sim K), K1, K2, anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal astigmatism, and ocular biometry parameters were obtained with a dual Scheimpflug analyzer. Pterygium sizes (horizontal, vertical) were measured manually, and pterygium height was analyzed with anterior segment optic coherence tomography. IOL power was calculated according to SRK/T, SRK II, Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Holladay formulas. Limbal conjunctival autograft was performed in all patients after excisional pterygium surgery. Preoperative and postoperative 1st month measurements were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51.5 ± 13.8 years. Mean horizontal pterygium length, vertical width, height, and percentage extension of the pterygium were 2.4 ± 0.9, 4.7 ± 1.0 mm, 297 ± 93µm, and 20.2 ± 7.2%, respectively. There was a significant increase in Sim K, K1, and K2 values postoperatively. Postoperative IOL power was significantly lower than preoperative values in all formulas. The change in IOL power after surgery was -0.3 ± 0.6D in the SRKT, -0.3 ± 0.5D in SRK II, -0.4 ± 0.7D in Hoffer Q, -0.5±0.7D in Haigis, and -0.3 ± 0.7D in Holladay 2 formulas. The change in IOL power has a moderate positive linear correlation with the horizontal and vertical sizes of the pterygium and a high positive linear correlation with the percentage extension of the pterygium. CONCLUSIONS: Pterygium surgery causes a significant decrease in calculated IOL power obtained with all formulas. It becomes more pronounced with the increase in the size of the pterygium.

Bisphenol S leads to cytotoxicity-induced antioxidant responses and oxidative stress in isolated rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) hepatocytes.

BACKGROUND: Bisphenol S (BPS) is a chemical compound that is utilized in the plastic industry as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA). The toxic effects of BPS in fish is less known and limited. Therefore, in the present study, the influence of BPS on rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) hepatocytes in vitro was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: For this purpose the fish hepatocytes were isolated, and then the cultured cells were treated with increasing concentrations of BPS (0, 15.63, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250, and 500 µM) for 24 h. The cytotoxic impact of BPS was determined in the culture media using lactate dehydrogenase assay and then, the antioxidant defence indicators were assayed. The results showed that concentration-dependent increases were observed in the percentage of cytotoxicity. The superoxide dismutase activity was reduced, while the catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity increased with all of the BPS concentrations. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity significantly increased after a BPS concentration of 31.25 µM or higher, while GST Theta 1-1 activity was decreased by the same concentrations of BPS. The reduced glutathione content significantly decreased with a BPS concentration of 31.25 µM or higher, and the malondialdehyde content increased after BPS concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 µM. CONCLUSIONS: The findings determined herein suggested that BPS causes cytotoxicity in fish hepatocytes and can lead to oxidative stress, resulting hepatotoxic in fish. Thus, the utilization of BPS instead of BPA as safe alternative in industry should be re-evaluated in the future for environmental health.

Histology of some major immune system organs in Lake Van fish Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae).

The teleostean immune system is variable between and within taxa in terms of morphology. Accordingly, in the current study, the histology of some immune organs (thymus, kidney and spleen) of Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi) was investigated. For this purpose, the tissues from eight mature fish were fixed and embedded in paraffin wax, and then the sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Mallory's triple, periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue (pH of 2.5) for histologic examinations. In the thymus, no clear discrimination of the cortex and medulla was observed. Lymphoid cells within a reticulo-epithelial network were the predominant cell type in the thymus. The other components in the thymus were macrophages and myoid, mast-like, plasma-like, cystic cells, Hassall's corpuscles, and single or multiple epithelial cystic structures. In the kidney, the head kidney, a major haematopoietic site, consisted of lymphoid and non-lymphoid zones within a reticular network. Cells exhibiting mitotic figures were also detected in the haematopoietic tissue of the head kidney. Haematopoietic tissue was also found in the trunk kidney dispersed amongst the excretory components. The spleen was composed of red and white pulp. The red pulp comprised abundant erythrocytes, whilst the white pulp contained leucocytes with a reticular network. Ellipsoids were also determined in the white pulp. Melanomacrophage centres were found in all of the examined lymphoid tissues of the fish. These findings, which were reported, herein, for the first time will provide reference knowledge for future studies of this anadromous fish.

A histological and histochemical study on the gallbladder of the Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae) / Estudio histológico e histoquímico de la vesícula biliar de Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae)

In the current study, the histological structure of the gallbladder of Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) was investigated. Hematoxylin and eosin were used to stain the histological sections for routine examinations, in addition to using periodic acid Schiff (PAS) for the neutral mucins, aldehyde fuchsin (AF) for the sulphated mucins, and Alcian blue (AB; pH: 2.5) for the acidic mucins. In addition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immune-staining was performed for the detection of dividing cells among the epithelium. The gallbladder of A. tarichi was composed of mucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia layers. The mucosa covering the wavy pleomorphic folds was made up of tall columnar epithelium and a lamina propria. The apical surface of the epithelial cells was lined by continuous short microvilli. On the epithelium, the luminal surface was remarkably stained with PAS, AF, and AB. Slight to moderate staining was observed on the epithelial cells in the apical zone with PAS. The cytoplasm of epithelial cells were stained in a slight manner with AF. No goblet cells were observed among the epithelium. According to the PCNA immune-staining, some epithelial cells were observed to proliferate. The lamina propria consisted of loose connective tissue that contained fibrocytes, collagen and elastic fibers, capillaries, and small blood vessels. The muscularis layer displayed muscle fibers that were circular, smooth, and surrounded by collagen fibers. The subserosal and serosal or adventitial layers had typical morphology to those of other fish and vertebrates.

En este estudio, se investigó la estructura histológica de la vesícula biliar de Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814). Las secciones histológicas se tiñeron con Hematoxilina-Eosina para los exámenes de rutina, además de usar el ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS) para las mucinas neutras, aldehído fucsina (FA) para las mucinas sulfatadas y azul alcián (AB; pH: 2,5) para las mucinas ácidas. Además, se realizó una tinción inmune de antígeno nuclear de células proliferativas (PCNA) para la detección de células en división entre el epitelio. La vesícula biliar de A. tarichi estaba compuesta de capas, mucosa, muscular y serosa o adventicia. La mucosa que cubría los pliegues pleomórficos ondulados estaba formada por un epitelio columnar alto y una lámina propia. Se observó una superficie apical de las células epiteliales revestida por microvellosidades cortas y continuas. En el epitelio se observó una tinción importante de la superficie luminal teñida con PAS, FA y AB. Se observó una tinción leve a moderada en las células epiteliales en la zona apical con PAS. El citoplasma de las células epiteliales se tiñó ligeramente con FA. No se observaron células caliciformes entre el epitelio. Según la tinción de PCNA, se observó que proliferaban algunas células epiteliales. La lámina propia consistía en tejido conectivo laxo que contenía fibrocitos, colágeno y fibras elásticas, capilares y pequeños vasos sanguíneos. La capa muscular mostraba fibras musculares circulares, lisas y rodeadas de fibras de colágeno. Las capas subserosas y serosas o adventicias tenían una morfología típica a la de otros peces y vertebrados.

Correlation of the aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and levels of IL-6 and VEGF with diabetic retinopathy status.

PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the aqueous humor total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, and levels of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor between patients with diabetic retinopathy and controls and to correlate these levels with the DR status. METHODS: Patients who underwent cataract surgery were enrolled. The first group (control group) comprised patients without diabetes; the second group comprised diabetic patients without retinopathy; the third group comprised patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; and the fourth group comprised patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. All patients underwent full ophthalmologic examination before cataract surgery. Prior to surgery, samples of aqueous humor sampling were obtained and stored at -80 °C. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and levels interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor were investigated in these samples and correlated with diabetic retinopathy status. RESULTS: This study analyzed 86 pairs of eyes of 86 patients. All groups were statistically similar in age and sex, but the total antioxidant capacity was lowest in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, the total oxidant status and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 were found to slightly increase according to the retinopathy status. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the aqueous humor seem to play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, especially in the proliferative type.

Central corneal epithelial thickness changes after half-moon supracapsular nucleofractis phacoemulsification technique.

PURPOSE: To find out the effect of half-moon supracapsular nucleofractis technique on central corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measured by spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery by the same surgeon with the same technique were recruited in this study. The effective phaco time (EPT) was recorded in each surgery. Central CET was measured by AS-OCT 1 day before and 1, 3, 7 days after surgery. CET was measured without precorneal tear film layer, and non-epithelial central corneal thickness was also calculated manually. Preoperative and postoperative values were compared by statistical analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-one eyes of 31 patients were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 65.03 ± 11.47 years. On the first day of surgery, increase in mean CET was statistically significant, but on the 3rd and 7th day after surgery, this increase was declined (p = 0.001, p = 0.367, p = 1, respectively). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between mean EPT and mean CET on the first postoperative day (p = 0.013, r = 0.470). On the 3rd and 7th day, this correlation was not statistically significant (p = 0.055, p = 0.454, respectively). CONCLUSION: Mean central CET was statistically thicker and positive correlated with EPT on the first postoperative day. But on the 7th day, it declined to preoperative values.

Evaluation of Anterior Segment Parameters in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma, Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma, and Healthy Eyes.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate anterior segment parameters measured by dual Scheimpflug corneal topography in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and healthy eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-three eyes of 86 patients were included in this study. Forty-seven eyes of 38 patients with PEXG, 30 eyes of 15 patients with PACG, and 66 eyes of 33 healthy subjects were evaluated. Patients who underwent previous ophthalmic surgery and contact lens wearers were excluded. After full ophthalmological examination, mean central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white horizontal corneal diameter (WTW), pupillary diameter (PD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and mean anterior chamber angle were measured by dual Scheimpflug corneal topography and compared between the three groups. Statistical analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 18.0 program. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found in mean age or gender among the study groups (p>0.05). There were also no statistical differences in CCT, WTW, or PD among the groups (p=0.568, p=0.064, p=0.321, respectively). ACV, ACD, and mean anterior chamber angle values were significantly lower in the PACG group compared to the other groups (p=0.000 for all). There was no statistically significant difference in these measurements between the PEXG and normal eyes. CONCLUSION: ACV and depth and mean anterior chamber angle were statistically different (lower) in PACG when compared with PEXG and healthy eyes. Dual Scheimpflug corneal topography can be used as an objective method for the measurement of anterior segment parameters in glaucoma.

Evaluation of retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex in healthy smokers.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of smoking on ganglion cell complex and inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: The right eyes of 36 smoking (study group) and 36 never-smoking (control group) healthy subjects were included in this study. After full ophthalmologic examination, axial length measurement (AL), ganglion cell complex-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and central macular thickness (CMT) values were measured by OCT. Statistical analysis was performed to compare GC-IPL, RNFL thicknesses, and CMT values between groups. RESULTS: The mean age [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] of 36 subjects in the study group was 26.2 ± 6.0 years, and the mean age of 36 subjects in control group was 25.7 ± 4.1 years. The mean ALs of the study group and the control group were 22.46 ± 0.88 and 22.36 ± 1.09 mm, respectively (p = 0.68). Mean GC-IPL thickness was 82.8 ± 3 µm in the study group and 84.3 ± 3 µm in the control group (p = 0.08). The mean RNFL values of study and control groups were 95. 8 ± 7.9 and 97. 3 ± 7.8 µm, respectively (p = 0.39). The mean CMT values of study and control groups were 248.3 ± 17.96 and 249.5 ± 17.18 µm, respectively (p = 0.78). CONCLUSION: Smoking does not seem to have any effect on GC-IPL thickness, mean RNFL and CMT values. Further studies in larger groups are needed to reveal the effect of smoking on these parameters.

Effect of cataract surgery on subfoveal choroidal and ganglion cell complex thicknesses measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, as measured by enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: This prospective study included 30 eyes of 30 patients who had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification surgery for senile cataract but had no previous ocular surgery or other ocular abnormality. Best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, axial length, and central corneal thickness were measured preoperatively. The operative times (OTs) and effective phaco times were also recorded in each case. OCT measurements were performed at the preoperative visit and 1 month after cataract surgery. Study of CT and GCC thickness changes was the primary objective, but central macular thickness (CMT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were also obtained by OCT. RESULTS: The mean subfoveal CT was 294.4±39.2 µm preoperatively and 301.4±39.9 µm postoperatively (P<0.001). The mean GCC thickness was 85.0±4.4 µm preoperatively and 89.2±5.3 µm postoperatively (P<0.001). The mean CMT was 247.9±17.6 µm preoperatively and 249.0±17.8 µm postoperatively (P=0.029). The mean RNFL thickness was 97.4±5.4 µm preoperatively and 101.7±5.6 µm postoperatively (P<0.001). Regression analysis showed that age, sex, axial length, central corneal thickness, operative time, and effective phaco time were not associated with CT changes (P=0.834, P=0.129, P=0.203, P=0.343, P=0.547, and P=0.147, respectively) and GCC thickness changes (P=0.645, P=0.542, P=0.152, P=0.664, P=0.448, and P=0.268, respectively) after cataract surgery. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that all subfoveal CT, CMT, as well as RNFL and GCC thicknesses are slightly affected after uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. After cataract surgery, the examiners should consider obtaining new baseline measurements.

Serous retinal detachment in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) to assess the influence of serous retinal detachment (SRD) in eyes with macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: Sixty-one eyes with BRVO from 61 patients with ME were analyzed and divided into two groups according to the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of SRD and cystoid macular edema (CME). All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examinations and OCT measurements (Cirrus, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, CA). Patients with marked retinal hemorrhage, diabetic retinopathy, previous laser photocoagulation, and/or intravitreal injection were excluded. RESULTS: The mean age of included patients (37 males, 24 females) was 65.4 ± 11.4 (53-77) years. There were 21 patients with SRD and 40 patients with CME. All of the 21 patients with SRD had CME. VA was significantly worse in the SRD group compared with the CME (non-SRD) group (0.82 ± 0.34 logMAR vs 0.64 ± 0.38 logMAR; P=0.005). Conversely, CMT was significantly greater in the SRD group than in the CME group (465 ± 115 µ vs 387 ± 85 µ; P=0.00004). CONCLUSION: SRD may be associated with decreased VA. The prognosis of patients with BRVO and SRD requires further investigation.