Effect of Alpha-Fetoprotein on Lifespan of Old Mice.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is one of the best-known embryo-specific proteins. It is used to diagnose fetal abnormalities and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. AFP has pronounced immunotropic and detoxifying effect and a direct apoptotic effect on tumor cells. The treatment of mice at the oldest age in our experiments with AFP dramatically increased the survival and markedly increased the relative weight of immunotropic organs, apparently due to the general effect of AFP in improving functions of tissues and detoxifying actions. It also improved appearance and the relative weight of internal organs with a reduced age of autoaggression.

[The use of liposomes for a study of cAMP transport by lymphocyte membranes]. / Ispol'zovanie liposom dlia izucheniia transporta tsAMF membranami limfotsitov.

The liposomes with incorporated membranes of SC+ lymphocytes, confirmed by ELISA, were obtained. The membranes of this type of lymphocytes but not thymocytes were capable of 3H-cAMP transport into the liposomes. As anti-SC serum inhibited this process, the SC components of lymphocyte membrane may take part in it.

[The effect of lymphocytes on the growth of transplanted adenocarcinoma of the colon in mice]. / Vliianie limfotsitov na rost perevivaemoi adenokartsinomy tolstogo kishechnika u myshei.

The activation of spleen lymphocytes during tumour growth on the syngeneic mice has been shown. The activated lymphocytes were able to restore the tumour growth after cyclophosphane induction of immunodeficiency. Activated lymphocytes of mice acted the same way with liver regeneration and isoproterenol induction of salivary gland hyperplasia. The inhibitory effect of lymphocytes has been also shown during this process. Both stimulation and inhibition were the function of the ThyI lymphocytes. The regularities shown may reflect important processes of cell proliferation regulation in multicellular organisms.

[Regulation of the cell cycle of B-lymphocytes in mice by substances elevating the levels of intracellular cAMP and cGMP]. / Reguliatsiia kletochnogo tsikla B-limfotsitov myshi veshchestvami, uvelichivaiushchimi uroven' vnutrikletochnogo tsAMF i tsGMF.

Spontaneous velocity sedimentation of B lymphocytes activated by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin into mice was used to obtain cell cycle synchronized cells, evidenced by differences in the incorporation of labeled precursors of protein and nucleic synthesis (14C-methionine and 3H-thymidine). The effects of acetylcholine and adrenaline, cAMP and cGMP on the intensity of 3H-thymidine incorporation into mouse B lymphocytes and on the amount of the cells entering mitosis were examined. It was shown that acetylcholine is capable of stimulating whereas adrenaline of inhibitin B lymphocyte entry into the stage of DNA synthesis and egress of these cells from the stage of DNA synthesis to the stage of mitosis. Adrenaline was found to have a reciprocal action. The acetylcholine effect could be mimetized by exogenous cGMP, that of adrenaline by cAMP. Stimulation of the G1/S transition was mediated by intracellular calcium ions but did not depend on exocellular calcium.

[Comparative study of the toxic, anaphylactoid, and sensitizing properties of 5-sulfo-8-mercaptoquinolinates of metals of the 8th and 3d groups of the periodic table]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie toksicheskikh, anafilaktoidnykh i sensibiliziruiushchikh svoistv 5-sul 'fo-8-merkap tokhinolinatov metallov VIII i III grupp periodicheskoi tablitsy.

Pronounced allergizing action of the compounds of group VIII metals of the periodic system, observed in occupational pathology and commencement of their wide clinical application as cancerostatic agents require a comprehensive study of the properties of these substances. Anaphylactoid, toxic and genuine sensitizing action of 5-sulfo-8-mercapto-quinolinates of group YIII metals and those of group III metals having similar properties was studied and compared with reference to 8 compounds. It was shown that histamine liberation from mast cells induced by these substances as well as inhibition of the respiration of mast cells depend on the central atom and electronic structure of the ligand. The mechanism of histamine liberation observed was similar to that of specific antigen and was related to the preservation of the respiratory processes, the system of microtubules and cell cyclic nucleotides. The compounds tested were also capable of sensitizing the animal in intracutaneous injection of the substance without exogenous carrier. Sensitization developed according to the reaction of both the immediate and delayed types.

Histamine releasing and histamine binding action of platinum and palladium compounds.

Platinum and palladium salts were shown to possess either histamine releasing or histamine binding properties. Both these effects were dependent on chemical structures of the tested compounds and might be drawn up in the following sequences; Pd greater than Pt, PtIV greater than PtII, NO2 greater than F greater than Cl greater than SCN greater than J, trans greater than cis. One of the possible mechanisms of anti-tumoral effect of platinum and palladium salts might be their marked histamine binding activity.

[Allergenic and anaphylactoid properties of carcinostatic compounds of platinum]. / Allergennye i anafilaktoidnye svoistva kantserostaticheskikh soedinenii platiny.

Different effects of platinum salts on the organism were studied comparatively. The toxic effect was estimated by LD50; the carcinogenic one--by the action on Ehrlich ascites tumor; the anaphylactoid effect was evaluated by the degree of the arterial pressure fall, the development of bronchospasm and an increased blood histamine level in cats under intravenous injection of platinum salts. The sensitization action of platinum salts was assessed on guinea pigs. All these effects are found to be dependent on the salts chemical composition, and they are manifested in an independent route.