[Prognostic model for assessing the human glioma cell malignancy grade based on MDM2, MELK, SOX2, CDK4, DR5 and OCT4 gene expression]. / Prognosticheskaya model' dlya otsenki stepeni zlokachestvennosti kul'tury kletok gliomy cheloveka na osnovanii issledovaniya ekspressii paneli genov MDM2, MELK, SOX2, CDK4, DR5 i OCT4.

Glioma cell cultures are used in basic researches of tumor processes, personalized medicine for selecting treatment regimens depending on individual characteristics of patients and pharmacology for assessing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Suppression of glioma culture growth without reduction of malignancy grade is common. Drug cancellation may be followed by substitution of precursor cells by more malignant clones. Therefore, analysis of culture cell malignancy grade is important. In the future, intraoperative analysis of glioma cell malignancy grade can be used to select individual therapy. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the relationship between expression of marker genes TUBB3, CD133, CDK4, CDK6, CIRBP, DR4, DR5, EGFR, FGFR, FSHR, GDNF, GFAP, L1CAM, LEF1, MAP2, MDM2, MELK, NANOG, NOTCH2, OCT4, OLIG2, PDGFRA, PDGFA, PDGFB and SOX2 and glioma cell malignancy grade, as well as created appropriate prognostic model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed expression of 25 marker genes in 22 samples of human glioma cultures using quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests to assess distribution normality. Nonparametric Jonckheere-Terpstra and Spearman tests were applied. RESULTS: We obtained a prognostic model for assessing the grade III and IV glioma cell malignancy based on expression of marker genes MDM2, MELK, SOX2, CDK4, DR5 and OCT4. Predictive accuracy was 83% (Akaike information criterion -55.125).

Changes in Oncogene Expression in Experimental Glioblastoma 101.8 Rats during Therapy with PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin.

We compared the expression of the main glioblastoma oncogenes during therapy with doxorubicin (Dox) and Dox in nanoparticles based on a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids (Dox-PLGA) at a delayed start of treatment. Late initiation of Dox-PLGA therapy of glioblastoma showed an increase in the expression of multiple drug resistance genes, such as Abcb1b and Mgmt, and a decrease in Sox2 expression. Increased expression of other oncogenes (Melk, Wnt3, Gdnf, and Pdgfra) were observed during both Dox and Dox-PLGA therapy. These changes indicate increased tumor aggressiveness and its resistance to cytostatics at the late start of therapy.

[Nitric oxide donor nitrosorbide potentiates the antitumor effect of doxorubicin against experimental glioblastoma]. / Donor oksida azota izosorbida dinitrat povyshaet protivoopukholevyi effekt doksorubitsina pri khimioterapii eksperimental'noi glioblastomy.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin is a well-known antitumor drug that is not employed for chemotherapy of brain tumors. Indeed, doxorubicin does not penetrate across the blood-brain barrier in therapeutic concentrations. OBJECTIVE: To study the antitumor effect of doxorubicin combined with nitrosorbide on intracranial experimental glioblastoma 101/8 in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=86) with intracranial implanted glioblastoma 101/8 received doxorubicin (i.v. 1.5 mg/kg thrice) alone or in combination with nitrosorbide (i.v or orally, 0.5 mg/kg thrice) in 2, 5 and 8 days after implantation. Efficacy was assessed considering survival and brain tumor volume in 14 days after tumor implantation. RESULTS: Combination of doxorubicin and nitrosorbide significantly increased survival (57% and 155%, respectively) and slowed down tumor growth (16±12 and 8±6 mm3, respectively) compared to doxorubicin alone. Effectiveness of nitrosorbide alone was trivial. CONCLUSION: Nitric oxide donor nitrosorbide considerably potentiated the antitumor effect of doxorubicin against intracranial 101/8 glioblastoma in rats.