"Triple-low" radiation dose bronchial artery CT angiography before bronchial artery embolisation: a feasibility study.

AIM: To explore the feasibility of a "triple-low" dose (low tube voltage, low tube current, and low contrast agent volume) bronchial artery computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) to replace routine dose bronchial artery CTA before bronchial artery embolisation (BAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: CTA was obtained from 60 patients with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 using a 256 multi-section iCT system, and they were divided into two groups: (1) group A: 100 kVp, 100 mAs, 50 ml contrast medium (CM); (2) group B: 120 kVp, automatic tube current modulation (ACTM), 80 ml CM. CT attenuation of the thoracic aorta, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated, and subjective image quality scores and traceability scores assessed. The effective radiation dose was calculated. RESULTS: The radiation dose was reduced by 79.7% in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). The CT attenuation of the thoracic aorta was increased by approximately 13% in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). Higher image noise, lower SNR, and CNR were obtained in group A compared to group B (all p<0.05). Both subjective image quality scores and traceability scores did not differ between groups A and B (both p>0.05). CONCLUSION: It is feasible to use the "triple-low" dose CTA protocol for patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2. The radiation dose was reduced by 79.7%, and the dose of contrast medium was reduced by 37.5% to ensure the diagnostic value.

[Transanal drainage tube for prevention of anastomotic leak after anterior resection for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis].

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of transanal drainage tube (TDT) in reducing the incidence of anastomotic leak following anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for relevant studies published from inception to October 2022 across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. The primary outcomes included total incidence of anastomotic leak, grade B and C anastomotic leak rates, reoperation rate, anastomotic bleeding rate, and overall complication rate. Results: Three randomized controlled trials involving 1115 patients (559 patients in the TDT group and 556 in the non-TDT group) were included. Meta-analysis showed that the total incidences of anastomotic leak and of grade B anastomotic leak were 5.5% (31/559) and 4.5% (25/559), respectively, in the TDT group and 7.9% (44/556) and 3.8% (21/556), respectively, in the non-TDT group. These differences are not statistically significant (P=0.120, P=0.560, respectively). Compared with the non-TDT group, the TDT group had a lower incidence of grade C anastomotic leak (1.6% [7/559] vs. 4.5% [25/556]) and reoperation rate (0.9% [5/559] vs. 4.3% [24/556]), but a higher incidence of anastomotic bleeding (8.2% [23/279] vs. 3.6% [10/276]). These differences were statistically significant (P=0.003, P=0.001, P=0.030, respectively). The overall complication rate was 26.5%(74/279) in the TDT group and 27.2% (75/276) in the non-TDT group. These differences are not statistically significant (P=0.860). Conclusions: TDT did not significantly reduce the total incidence of anastomotic leak but may have potential clinical benefits in preventing grade C anastomotic leak. Notably, placement of TDT may increase the anastomotic bleeding rate.

[Colorectal cancer cells induce the formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts by activating the ERK signaling pathway in fibroblasts].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism by which conditioned medium of colorectal cancer cells promotes the formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). METHODS: Normal human colorectal fibroblasts (CCD-18Co cells) in logarithmic growth phase were treated with the conditioned media of colorectal cancer HCT116 cells (HCT116-CM) or Caco-2 cells (Caco-2-CM) alone or in combination with 300 nmol/L ERK inhibitor SCH772984. The expression levels of CAFs-related molecular markers were detected in the treated cells with real-time quantitative PCR (RT- qPCR) and immunofluorescence assay, and the changes in cell proliferation, colony formation and migration were assessed with RTCA, colony formation and wound healing assays; Western blotting was performed to detect the activated signaling pathways in the fibroblasts and the changes in CAFs formation after blocking of the signaling pathway. RESULTS: HCT116-CM and Caco-2-CM significantly upregulated mRNA expression levels of CAFs markers (including α-SMA, FAP, FN and TGF-ß) in CCD-18Co cells, and strongly promoted fibroblast transformation into CAFs (P < 0.05). The two conditioned media also promoted the proliferation, colony formation and migration of CCD-18Co cells (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the levels of α-SMA protein and ERK phosphorylation in the cells (P < 0.05). The ERK inhibitor SCH772984 obviously inhibited the expression of α-SMA and the transformation of CCD-18Co cells into CAFs induced by the conditioned medium of colorectal cancer cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Colorectal cancer cells may induce the formation of colorectal CAFs by activating the ERK pathway in the fibroblasts.

Laparoscopic posterior pelvic exenteration is safe and feasible for locally advanced primary rectal cancer in female patients: a comparative study from China PelvEx collaborative.

PURPOSE: Posterior pelvic exenteration (PPE) for locally advanced rectal cancer is a technical and challenging procedure. The safety and feasibility of laparoscopic PPE remain to be determined. This study aims to compare short-term and survival outcomes of laparoscopic PPE (LPPE) with open PPE (OPPE) in female patients. METHOD: From January 2015 to December 2020, data from 105 female patients who underwent PPE at three institutions were retrospectively analyzed. The short-term and oncological outcomes between LPPE and OPPE were compared. RESULTS: A total of 54 cases with LPPE and 51 cases with OPPE were enrolled. The operative time (240 vs. 295 min, p = 0.009), blood loss (100 vs. 300 ml, p < 0.001), surgical site infection (SSI) rate (20.4% vs. 58.8%, p = 0.003), urinary retention rate (3.7% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.020), and postoperative hospital stay (10 vs. 13 days, p = 0.009) were significantly lower in the LPPE group. The two groups showed no significant differences in the local recurrence rate (p = 0.296), 3-year overall survival (p = 0.129), or 3-year disease-free survival (p = 0.082). A higher CEA level (HR 1.02, p = 0.002), poor tumor differentiation (HR 3.05, p = 0.004), and (y)pT4b stage (HR 2.35, p = 0.035) were independent risk factors for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: LPPE is safe and feasible for locally advanced rectal cancers and shows lower operative time and blood loss, fewer SSI complications, and better preservation of bladder function without compromising oncological outcomes.

Short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer: a single-center propensity score matching analysis.

BACKGROUND: Research on short-term outcomes and long-term oncological results of laparoscopic pelvic exenteration (LPE) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is still limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of LPE and open pelvic exenteration (OPE). METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2019, consecutive LARC patients who underwent radical pelvic exenteration at Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. Groups were matched at a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching. The primary endpoints were 3 year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary endpoints were postoperative short-term outcomes. RESULTS: There were 144 patients (68 males and 76 females, median age 58.5 [range 27.0-86.0] years). After matching, patients were stratified into LPE (n = 48) and OPE (n = 48) groups (LPE: 24 males and 24 females, median age 57.0 [range 27.0-81.0] years; OPE: 26 males and 22 females, median age 58.0[range 36.0-80.0] years). There were no significant differences on baseline data between the two groups. Compared with the OPE group, the LPE group had a significantly lower estimated blood loss (200 vs 500 ml, p = 0.003), less overall postoperative complications (12/48 vs 25/48, p = 0.006), less surgical site infection (8/48 vs 20/48, p = 0.007), shorter length of stay (12 vs. 15 days, p = 0.005), but similar operative time (344 vs. 360 min, p = 0.493). The pathological R0 resection rate (98.0% vs. 93.7%, p = 0.610), 3 year local recurrence (18.4% vs. 23.5, p = 0.140), 3 year OS (74.6% vs. 65.5%, p = 0.290) and 3-year DFS (60.0% vs. 50.3%, p = 0.208) were similar between the two groups. Shorter distance from anal verge (HR = 0.92, p = 0.042), (y) pT4b (HR = 2.45, p = 0.023), (y)pN1-2 (HR = 2.42, p = 0.004) and positive CRM (HR = 6.23, p = 0.004) were independent prognostic risks for 3 year DFS. CONCLUSIONS: LPE can be performed safely and has certain short-term advantages over OPE, most notably less blood loss and surgical site infection. However, LPE does not improve long-term oncological outcomes.

[Clinical and molecular pathological features of uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and molecular pathologic features of uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (UIMT). Methods: Six UIMT cases collected at Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University from 2019 to 2020. They were analyzed for their general characteristics and clinicopathologic features. ALK rearrangements were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: The age of the six patients ranged from 14 to 65 years, the tumors ranged in size from 2.5 to 6.0 cm. The masses were intramural or submucosal in location. Most of them (4/6) were white with yellow foci, and two (2/6) were white with tan foci. Other features noted included a soft or firm appearance. The fasciitis-like pattern of UIMT had myxoid stroma around the spindle cells and inflammatory cells. The ganglion-like pattern showed either fascicular or storiform architecture with diffuse growth. Nuclear atypia was mild or moderate. Mitoses ranged from 2 to 4 per 10 high-power fields. Five tumors were ALK-positive with granular cytoplasmic staining by immunohistochemistry. ALK rearrangements were detected in five cases but was absent in one case. Conclusions: UIMT is an intermediate grade soft tissue tumor, a minority may present with extrauterine spread and/or recurrence. The tumors are composed of spindled cells. The main differentials include smooth muscle tumors and endometrial stromal tumors and their morphology may overlap with that of UIMT. Immunohistochemical positivity for ALK or FISH testing for ALK rearrangements can help in the diagnosis.

Rapid and visual detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and compare it with RT-PCR. METHODS: We designed primers specific to the orf1ab and S genes of SARS-CoV-2. Total viral RNA was extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. We optimized the RT-LAMP assay, and evaluated it for its sensitivity and specificity of detection using real-time turbidity monitoring and visual observation. RESULTS: The primer sets orf1ab-4 and S-123 amplified the genes in the shortest times, the mean (±SD) times were 18 ± 1.32 min and 20 ± 1.80 min, respectively, and 63°C was the optimum reaction temperature. The sensitivities were 2 × 101 copies and 2 × 102 copies per reaction with primer sets orf1ab-4 and S-123, respectively. This assay showed no cross-reactivity with 60 other respiratory pathogens. To describe the availability of this method in clinical diagnosis, we collected 130 specimens from patients with clinically suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 58 were confirmed to be positive and 72 were negative by RT-LAMP. The sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 92.3%-100%), specificity 100% (95% CI 93.7%-100%). This assay detected SARS-CoV-2 in a mean (±SD) time of 26.28 ± 4.48 min and the results can be identified with visual observation. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that we developed a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive RT-LAMP assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection among clinical samples. It will be a powerful tool for SARS-CoV-2 identification, and for monitoring suspected patients, close contacts and high-risk groups.

[WGCNA screening of prognostic markers in medulloblastoma].

Objective: In this study, we used the Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis to find the gene module that are specifically expressed in Medulloblastoma and screened the marker genes that may diagnose and treat Medulloblastoma. Methods: WGCNA was used to identify the gene modules that are specifically associated with suvival in Medulloblastoma. Cytoscape software was used to construct Co-expression Network. Survival analysis of hub genes using Kaplan Meier (KM) analysis method. Results: Based on the predicted co-expression network, we found that green module significantly associated with survival traits. Green module genes were analyzed and we identified the hub gene UBE2G1 by cytoscape software which have the most correlation with survival trait. Conclusions: Our results indicate that UBE2G1 may be served as a candidate diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for Medulloblastoma.

[Pharmacotherapeutics for the new coronavirus pneumonia].

The new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named as COVID-19 by WHO on Feb 11 2020, is now causing a severe public health emergency in China since. The number of diagnosed cases is more than 40,000 until the submission of this manuscript. Coronavirus has caused several epidemic situations world widely, but the present contagious disease caused by 2019 new coronavirus is unprecedentedly fulminating. The published cohorts of 2019 new coronavirus (n-Cov) are single-center studies, or retrospective studies. We here share the therapeutic experiences of NCP treatment with literature review. Combination of Ribavirin and interferon-α is recommended by the 5(th) edition National Health Commission's Regimen (Revised Edition) because of the effect on Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the effectiveness of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Remdisivir needs to be confirmed by randomized controlled trial (RCT), given the situation of no specific antivirus drug on NCP is unavailable. Systemic glucocorticosteroid is recommended as a short term use (1~2 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), 3~5 d) by the 5(th) edition National Health Commission's Regimen (Revised Edition) yet RCTs are expected to confirm the effectiveness. Inappropriate application of antibiotics should be avoided, especially the combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics, for the NCP is not often complicated with bacterial infection.

Integrated sensing layer of bacterial cellulose and polyethyleneimine to achieve high sensitivity of ST-cut quartz surface acoustic wave formaldehyde gas sensor.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based formaldehyde gas sensor using bi-layer nanofilms of bacterial cellulose (BC) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was developed on an ST-cut quartz substrate using sol-gel and spin coating processes. BC nanofilms significantly improve the sensitivity of PEI films to formaldehyde gas, and reduces response and recovery times. The BC films have superfine filamentary and fibrous network structures, which provide a large number of attachment sites for the PEI particles. Measurement results obtained using in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the primary amino groups of PEI strongly adsorb formaldehyde molecules through nucleophilic reactions, thus resulting in a negative frequency shift of the SAW sensor due to the mass loading effect. In addition, experimental results showed that the frequency shifts of the SAW devices are determined by thickness of PEI film, concentration of formaldehyde and relative humidity. The PEI/BC sensor coated with three layers of PEI as the sensing layer showed the optimal sensing performance, which had a frequency shift of 35.6 kHz for 10 ppm formaldehyde gas, measured at room temperature and 30 % RH. The sensor also showed good selectivity and stability, with a low limit of detection down to 100 ppb.

Effect of bradykinin on rats with thromboangiitis obliterans through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of bradykinin on rats with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The female Wistar rats were injected with lauric acid via the femoral artery to establish the TAO model, and they were randomly divided into control group (healthy rats), model group (TAO rats) and bradykinin group (TAO rats injected with bradykinin B2 receptor-specific inhibitor). The control was set in each group before the operation. The level of serum bradykinin in each group was detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, Caspase-3 activity and PI3K/Akt protein concentration in vascular tissues were measured via ELISA, Western blotting, ROS assay, and Caspase-3 activity assay, respectively. Moreover, the specific therapeutic mechanism of bradykinin was analyzed. RESULTS: In control group, the intima of the lower extremity venous tissues was smooth, the extima had no evident changes, and there was no inflammatory cell invasion around the arteries and veins. In model group, there was massive inflammatory cell invasion into the lower extremity venous tissues. In bradykinin group, fibrosis and atrophy occurred in venous tissues, the extima was thickened without fibrosis, and there was phagocytosis of neutrophils and mononuclear macrophages around the arteries and veins, as well as massive inflammatory infiltration. The PI3K/Akt protein concentration in lower extremity venous tissues was the highest in control group and the lowest in bradykinin group, and there were statistically significant differences (p<0.01). At 24 h after administration of doxorubicin (DOX), the level of ROS in lower extremity venous tissues was higher in bradykinin group than that in model group (p<0.05), and it was also higher in model group than that in control group (p<0.05). Besides, the activity of Caspase-3 in lower extremity venous tissues was significantly increased in bradykinin group compared with that in model group and control group, while it was slightly higher in model group than that in control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The low expression of bradykinin can promote TAO in rats by the mechanism that it inhibits the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to raise the oxidative stress level, thereby aggravating TAO.

SOX9, miR-495, miR-590-3p, and miR-320d were identified as chemoradiotherapy-sensitive genes and miRNAs in colorectal cancer patients based on a microarray dataset.

The study aimed to identify chemoradiotherapy (CRT)-sensitive biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The GSE15781 dataset used in this study contains 42 samples: 22 CRC tissues (non-CRT: n = 13; CRT: n = 9) and 20 normal colorectal tissues (non-CRT: n = 10; CRT: n = 10). Following pretreatment, differentially expressed genes were selected using the limma package. Potential CRT-sensitive genes were identified with Venn analysis and then enriched in function and pathway clusters using the DAVID online tool. Moreover, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was implemented using the STRING database. The TRRUST database was used to establish a transcription factor (TF)-target transcriptional network. A miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on relevant databases. miRNA and mRNA expression levels were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. A group of 259 candidate CRT-sensitive genes were identified that were mainly enriched in cell cycle regulation, adhesion-associated processes, and the p53 signaling pathway. A PPI network was established that contained striking nodes, including ITGA2, MYC, ESR1, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), among which ESR1 was linked to MYC, and the two nodes were also highlighted in the TF-target regulation network. SRY-box 9 (SOX9) was another key TF. Hsa-miR-590-3p, hsa-miR-495, hsa-miR-320c, and hsa-miR-320d were predominant in the miRNA-mRNA network. Expression levels of SOX9, DPYD mRNA, miR-495, and miR-590-3p were clearly reduced after X-ray treatment in irradiated HT-29 cells, whereas that of miR-320d was notably enhanced. SOX9 may be a CRT-sensitive gene in CRC patients, and hsa-miR-590-3p, hsa-miR-495, and hsa-miR-320d may be CRT-sensitive microRNAs in CRC patients. Therefore, SOX9, hsa-miR-590-3p, hsa-miR-495, and hsa-miR-320d may be used as sensitive biomarkers in CRC patients.

MASTL is a potential poor prognostic indicator in ER+ breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to explore prognostic value of MASTL (microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like) in breast cancer patients on the basis of ER status and molecular subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The raw microarray data (GDS5666) of 4T1 derived bone-aggressive explant and primary tumor explant were reanalyzed to identify the dysregulated genes. To pool previous annotated genomic data that assessed the association between MASTL expression and metastatic relapse (MR) risk, MR-free survival, any event (AE, defined as any relapse or death) risk, and AE-free survival in breast cancer patients, a meta-analysis was performed by bc-GenExMiner 4.0. RESULTS: MASTL is a significantly upregulated gene in 4T1 bone-aggressive explant compared to primary tumor explant. Univariate Cox analysis showed that high MASTL expression is associated with a higher risk of MR (HR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.28-1.60; p<0.001) and a higher risk of AE (HR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.18-1.37; p<0.001) in ER+ breast cancer. Also, high MASTL expression also predicts a worse MR-free survival (HR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.40-2.17; p<0.001) and a worse AE-free survival (HR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.23-1.63; p<0.001) in ER+ breast cancer. However, the associations were not observed in ER- patients. The following NPI adjusted analyses confirmed the results of univariate Cox analysis. In Single Sample Predictors (SSPs) and Subtype Clustering Models (SCMs) subtypes, high MASTL expression is associated with increased risk of AE and predicts a poor AE-free survival in ER+ subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: MASTL might be a valuable indicator of MR risk and AE risk in ER+ patients, but not in ER- patients.

Bioinformatic analysis of prognostic value of ARAP3 in breast cancer and the associated signaling pathways.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we tried to pool previous annotated genomic data to assess the association between ARAP3 expression and metastatic relapse (MR) risk in patients with breast cancer. Moreover, we also investigated the signaling pathways in which ARAP3 might be involved in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The raw microarray data (GDS5666) that compared gene transcriptional profiles of 4T1 derived lung-aggressive explant and primary tumor explant were reanalyzed to identify the dysregulated genes. ARAP3 mRNA expression, its association with MR-free survival and its co-upregulated genes in breast cancer, were studied by data mining in TCGA database and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner Version 4.0 (bc-GenExMiner 4.0). RESULTS: ARAP3 is a significantly upregulated gene in the metastatic breast tumor cells. The ER- patients with high ARAP3 expression had significantly increased the risk of MR, regardless of the nodal status. Patients in ER-/Nm group with high ARAP3 expression had the highest risk of MR (HR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.10-1.41, p<0.001). In patients with basal-like tumors, High ARAP3 level is associated with significantly worse MR-free survival (HR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.22-2.19, p=0.001). ARAP3 might be closely related to the NOTCH4 and CDH5 signaling pathways in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of ARAP3 might be a useful indicator of the metastatic likelihood of the basal-like breast tumors. ARAP3 might be involved in NOTCH4 and CDH5 related signaling pathways, but the underlying mechanism should be further studied.

Higher RABEX-5 mRNA predicts unfavourable survival in patients with colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to clarify the expression pattern and prognostic role of RABEX-5 mRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: RABEX-5 mRNA levels in 187 CRC were examined by Real-time polymerase chain reaction. Then, the association of RABEX-5 mRNA levels with clinicopathological features was analyzed. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival rates were analyzed using the log-rank test. The influence of each variable on survival was examined by the Cox multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: RABEX-5 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissues (p < 0.01). By statistical analyses, high RABEX-5 mRNA expression was observed to be closely correlated with histology/differentiation (p = 0.010), N classification (p = 0.004), and TNM stage (p = 0.004). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with high RABEX-5 mRNA expression showed unfavorable overall survival (OS) than the low RABEX-5 mRNA expression group (p < 0.001). Finally, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that RABEX-5 mRNA expression was an independent predictor of overall survival (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RABEX-5 mRNA may be a promising biomarker for the detection and prognosis evaluation of CRC.

[Prevalence of hearing disorders in China: a population-based survey in four provinces of China].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, severity of hearing disorders and demographics of people with hearing disorders based on the whole population in Jilin, Guangdong, Shannxi and Gansu provinces in China. Methods: According to " WHO Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol" , 144 clusters were chosen with probability proportional sampling(PPS) method from the four provinces covering 194, 688, 061 residents. Audiological test, otological examination and questionnaire surveying were conducted for all samples from August, 2014 to September, 2015. The hearing disorders were classified according to WHO criteria and classification. Results: Among 47 511 targeted residents, 45, 052 individuals (94.82% response rate) participated in the survey. The standardized prevalence rates of hearing disorders and disabling hearing disorders were 15.84 % and 5.17 % respectively. Almost 50% of people with hearing disorders had no awareness of it or its starting time. There was significant difference in the prevalence among people of different ages, genders, occupations, provinces, marital status and education levels. The prevalence of hearing disorders increased significantly as age grew. People above 60 years old occupied 55.31% of the total hearing disorders. The prevalence of hearing disorders among male, people of low education and those who lost husband or wife, as well as workers and farmers was relatively higher. Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing disorders is high, and hearing disorders are " invisible" . Demographics and socioeconomic factors significantly influence the prevalence of hearing disorders.