Application of radiomics in precision prediction of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Although some progress has been made in chemotherapy and surgery, it is still one of the highest mortalities in the world. Therefore, early detection, diagnosis and treatment are very important to improve the prognosis of patients. In recent years, with the proposal of the concept of radiomics, it has been gradually applied to histopathological grading, differential diagnosis, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer, whose advantage is to comprehensively quantify the tumor phenotype using a large number of quantitative image features, so as to predict and diagnose the lesion area of gastric cancer early. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the research status and progress of radiomics in gastric cancer, and reviewed the workflow and clinical application of radiomics. The 27 original studies on the application of radiomics in gastric cancer were included from web of science database search results from 2017 to 2021, the number of patients included ranged from 30 to 1680, and the models used were based on the combination of radiomics signature and clinical factors. Most of these studies showed positive results, the median radiomics quality score (RQS) for all studies was 36.1%, and the development prospect and challenges of radiomics development were prospected. In general, radiomics has great potential in improving the early prediction and diagnosis of gastric cancer, and provides an unprecedented opportunity for clinical practice to improve the decision support of gastric cancer treatment at a low cost.

Bioluminescence Imaging-Based Assessment of the Anti-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and NF-Kappa B Pathway Inhibition Activity of Britanin.

Britanin has been reported to have therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative and inflammation-based diseases. However, whether it is involved in the regulation of triple-negative breast cancer development has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity against triple-negative breast cancer tumor of Britanin by bioluminescence imaging in vivo using athymic (nu/nu) mice implanted with MDA-MB-231 and SUM-159 cells expressing a luciferase reporter gene, and explored the anti-tumor mechanism of Britanin. The results showed that Britanin treatment inhibited triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation in vivo, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (IC50 values are 4.27 and 5.05 µM) and colony formation tests (P < 0.001) confirmed this result. Transwell assays were conducted to verify that Britanin treatment inhibited cell migration and invasion (P < 0.001). Apoptosis was determined by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling method. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis showed that Britanin treatment caused a decrease in the member expression of NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Computational modeling showed that Britanin could directly bind to a p-65 core region composed of Cys38, Cys120, and Gln128 residues. The results showed that the inhibitory mechanisms of Britanin on cancer cells may be by ways of inhibiting the NF-kappa B pathway. In addition, bioluminescence imaging screening system is useful for accelerating the application of Britanin in the antitumor field, and provides a useful tool for evaluating the phytochemicals efficacy in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in animal models.

Construction of Biocompatible Dual-Drug Loaded Complicated Nanoparticles for in vivo Improvement of Synergistic Chemotherapy in Esophageal Cancer.

Combination chemotherapy is a routine treatment for esophageal cancer, but some shortcomings, such as drug toxicity and side effects, greatly limit the clinical application of combination therapy. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle system that was used to load doxorubicin and ß-elemene. ß-elemene was encapsulated in the pore of mesoporous silica nanoparticle and doxorubicin was electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticle by hyaluronic acid to construct dual drugs synergistic nanoparticles (bMED NPs, ~77.15 nm). In vitro studies demonstrated that bMED NPs had a good treatment effect in esophageal cancer cell lines. In vivo fluorescence imaging results demonstrated that bMED NPs could accumulate in tumor sites and achieve in vivo long-term circulation and continuous drug release. In addition, bMED NPs exhibited significant antitumor effects in the esophageal cancer mouse model, which may provide a great platform for esophageal cancer chemotherapy.

The Antitumor Effects of Britanin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and its Real-Time Evaluation by In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma is cancer with many new cases and the highest mortality rate. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used method for the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Natural products have become clinically important chemotherapeutic drugs due to their great potential for pharmacological development. Many sesquiterpene lactone compounds have been proven to have antitumor effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: Britanin is a sesquiterpene lactone compound that can be considered for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of britanin. METHODS: BEL 7402 and HepG2 cells were used to study the cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of britanin. Preliminary studies on the nuclear factor kappa B pathway were conducted by western blot analysis. A BEL 7402-luc subcutaneous tumor model was established for the in vivo antitumor studies of britanin. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was conducted to monitor changes in tumor size. RESULTS: The results of the cytotoxicity analysis showed that the IC50 values for britanin in BEL 7402 and HepG2 cells were 2.702µM and 6.006µM, respectively. The results of the colony formation demonstrated that the number of cells in a colony was reduced significantly after britanin treatment. And the results of transwell migration assays showed that the migration ability of tumor cells was significantly weakened after treatment with britanin. Tumor size measurements and staining results showed that tumor size was inhibited after britanin treatment. The western blot analysis results showed the inhibition of p65 protein expression and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax after treatment. CONCLUSION: A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that britanin had good antitumor effects and provided an option for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

In vivo antitumour activity of Britanin against gastric cancer through nuclear factor-κB-mediated immune response.

OBJECTIVES: Britanin was explored for the antitumour effect on gastric cancer, which is a sesquiterpene lactone (SL) extracted from Inula japonica. METHODS: In the present study, cell viability assays were performed to evaluate the antiproliferation effect of Britanin on gastric cancer cells. Tumour development in BGC-823 cell-bearing nude mice was monitored in real-time after Britanin treatment via a bioluminescent imaging method. Western blotting analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detected proteins associated with the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway. KEY FINDINGS: Britanin can suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro and the growth of tumours in vivo. In the treatment group, decreased levels of p65 and phosphorylated (p)-p65 were observed. This indicated that NF-κB plays an important role in the antitumour effect of Britanin. Furthermore, considering the additional role of NF-κB in the immune system, the levels of the downstream molecules interleukin (IL)-2 and the cytokine IL-10 were subsequently determined in vivo. An increase in the IL-2 level and a decrease in the IL-10 level indicated that Britanin elicited an enhanced immune response. CONCLUSIONS: Britanin may be a promising candidate for gastric cancer chemotherapy, and its anticancer effect likely depends on an NF-κB-mediated immune response.

GMBP1-conjugated manganese oxide nanoplates for in vivo monitoring of gastric cancer MDR using magnetic resonance imaging.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a huge challenge for gastric cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, MDR accurate monitoring is of great significance for the treatment of gastric cancer. GMBP1, an extracellular internalization peptide, can target MDR gastric cancer cells through specific binding to GRP78, which is an MDR-related protein that is overexpressed in gastric cancer cells. Herein, we constructed GMBP1 conjugated Mn3O4 nanoplates (Mn3O4@PEG-GMBP1 NPs) for in vivo monitoring of MDR gastric cancer through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The generated Mn3O4@PEG-GMBP1 NPs had a size of about 11 nm and exhibited a good colloidal stability in PBS and in 10% FBS medium. Serial in vivo MRI studies in mice demonstrated that the magnetic resonance signal intensity, at the tumor site, reached a peak at 3 h after tail vein injection of Mn3O4@PEG-GMBP1 NPs. The specific targeting ability of MDR gastric cancer cells (SGC7901/ADR) by Mn3O4@PEG-GMBP1 NPs was authenticated in vitro, in vivo and by immunofluorescence analysis experiments. The systematic safety evaluation indicated that the toxicity of Mn3O4@PEG-GMBP1 NPs in mice was negligible. Therefore, the GMBP1 conjugated Mn3O4 nanoplates can be clinically used for accurate imaging and monitoring of MDR gastric cancer.