[Protective effect and mechanisms of pituitrin on acute paraquat-induced lung injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of pituitrin on the development of paraquat-induced lung injury in rats. METHODS: Sixty healthy Sprague Dawley female rats were randomized into 3 groups of control, paraquat and treatment (80 mg/kg, intragastric) groups (n = 20 each) Each group was divided into 4, 6, 12 and 24 h subgroups (n = 5 each). The treatment group received pituitrin, injection via internal jugular vein 30 minutes after paraquat dosing. As controls, control and paraquat groups were injected with an equal volume of saline. The paraquat content in serum and lung tissue was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). And the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in sera and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in lung tissue and the content of protein in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were detected at various timepoints. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) was recorded after pituitrin dosing. In addition, pathological changes were also observed. RESULTS: The highest drug concentration of paraquat in lung tissue was far lower in the treatment group than that in the paraquat group ((7.67 ± 0.91) vs (13.27 ± 0.95) µg/g, P = 0.002). There were the same result in sera ((1 695 ± 274) vs (5 377 ± 576) ng/ml, P = 0.003). The area under the concentration-time curve in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the paraquat group (10 482 vs 43 441, P = 0.000). The levels of NF-κB in lung tissue and TNF-α in sera in the treatment group were lower than those in the paraquat group (TNF-α: 24 h: (1.85 ± 0.22) vs (2.59 ± 0.13) ng/ml, P = 0.020; NF-κB: 24 h: (88.0 ± 2.7) vs (101.8 ± 2.8) ng/g, P = 0.003). And there was a decrease in the content of protein in BAL fluid in the treatment group versus the paraquat group (BALF protein: 24 h: (125.9 ± 4.2) vs (192.7 ± 6.5)µg/ml, P = 0.003), lung W/D significantly decreased in the treatment group versus the paraquat group (12 h: 3.50 ± 0.14 vs 3.73 ± 0.15, P = 0.043; 24 h: 3.41 ± 0.06 vs 3.61 ± 0.09, P = 0.047). In addition, when compared with the paraquat group, the pituitrin-treated rats showed a mitigation of inflammatory response in lungs and reduced pulmonary edema. CONCLUSION: Pituitrin treatment decreases the content of paraquat in sera and lung homogenate in intoxicated rats and alleviates lung injury so that it may become a useful adjuvant in the treatment of acute lung injury.

Primary distal femur T-cell lymphoma after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia: a rare case report and literature review.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders originating from T lymphocytes are a rare complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) that are not usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. A male patient diagnosed at the age of 15 years with chronic myeloid leukaemia (in the chronic phase) was initially treated with oral hydroxyurea. The disease entered an accelerated phase when the patient was 22 years old. Complete remission was achieved after one course of homoharringtonine and cytarabine. The patient then underwent human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling donor allo-HSCT. Just over 6.5 years after the allo-HSCT, a second primary tumour was located in the distal femur and diagnosed as T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (stage IV, group B). This was treated with various chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens, but the outcomes were poor and the disease progressed. The T-cell lymphoma invaded many sites, including the skeleton, spleen and skin, and the patient died within 8 months of the diagnosis. This current case report highlights the need for the early detection and prevention of subsequent primary malignancies after allo-HSCT.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia with a STAT5b-RARα fusion transcript defined by array-CGH, FISH, and RT-PCR.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the generation of the PML-RARα fusion transcript as a result of a reciprocal chromosomal rearrangement, t(15;17)(q22;q12), with breakpoints within the PML gene and the RARα gene. In a small proportion of APL cases, RARα is fused with a number of alternative partner genes. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 beta (STAT5b) is one of the variant partners. Here, we describe one rare case with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) -unresponsive APL characterized by the STAT5b-RARα fusion transcript. Morphology and immunophenotypic analyses indicated the typical features of APL; however, cytogenetic analysis exhibited a normal karyotype, and importantly, results of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that PML-RARα expression was negative. FISH analysis with the RARα dual-color break-apart rearrangement probe indicated a submicroscopic deletion of the 3' end of one RARA gene. Indeed, the STAT5b-RARα fusion transcript was found in this case by array-based comparative genomic hybridization and nested RT-PCR. To the best of our knowledge, we report here only the sixth APL patient in the world with the STAT5b-RARα fusion transcript. Additional clinical studies concerning the prognosis, response to therapy, and pathogenesis of APL patients with STAT5b-RARα fusion are necessary.