High consumption of dairy products and risk of major adverse coronary events and stroke in a Swedish population.

The association between the consumption of dairy products and risk of CVD has been inconsistent. There is a lack of studies in populations with high intakes of dairy products. We aimed to examine the association between intake of dairy products and risk of incident major adverse coronary events and stroke in the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study. We included 26 190 participants without prevalent CVD or diabetes. Dietary habits were obtained from a modified diet history, and endpoint data were extracted from registers. Over an average of 19 years of follow-up, 3633 major adverse coronary events cases and 2643 stroke cases were reported. After adjusting for potential confounders, very high intakes of non-fermented milk (>1000 g/d) compared with low intakes (<200 g/d) were associated with 35 % (95 % CI (8, 69)) higher risk of major adverse coronary events. In contrast, moderate intakes of fermented milk (100-300 g/d) were associated with a lower risk of major adverse coronary events compared with no consumption. Intakes of cheese (only in women) and butter were inversely associated with the risk of major adverse coronary events. We observed no clear associations between any of the dairy products and stroke risk. These results highlight the importance of studying different dairy foods separately. Further studies in populations with high dairy consumption are warranted.

Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of coronary events in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a globally environmentally sustainable dietary pattern featuring mainly plant-based foods in 2019. However, evidence on this dietary pattern in preventing coronary events is minimal. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the association between the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of coronary events. METHODS: The Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study (recruited between 1991 and 1996) included 23,877 participants aged 44.5-73.6 y (62.5% women) without CVDs and diabetes at baseline. A modified diet history was used to collect the dietary data. An EAT-Lancet diet index (range, 0-42 points) was applied on the basis of 14 food components scored 0 (nonadherence) to 3 (adherence). Coronary events were extracted from the registers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the HRs and 95% confidential intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Over a median of 24.9 y of follow-up, 3031 coronary events occurred (incidence rate: 5.89/1000 person-years). After adjusting for age, sex, dietary assessment methods, season, total energy intake, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, educational level, and BMI, the multivariable HR (95% CI) for coronary events among participants who had the highest adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet index (≥23 points, 8.1%) was 0.80 (0.67, 0.96) compared with those who had the lowest adherence (≤13 points, 9.7%) (P-trend = 0.01 across 5 groups of the EAT-Lancet diet). The inverse association was consistent in men and women and was robust after excluding those with misreported energy and significant diet changes or excluding coronary events occurred within the first 2 y of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with a lower risk of coronary events.

Investigation of the association between coffee and risk of RA-results from the Swedish EIRA study.

BACKGROUND: Studies on the association between coffee, a modifiable lifestyle factor, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting the joints, have been conflicting. The aim of the present study was to study the association between coffee consumption and risk of RA in the context of different lifestyle factors. METHODS: We included 2184 cases (72% women, mean age 55 years) newly diagnosed with RA during 2005-2018 in Sweden and 4201 controls matched on age, sex, and residential area. Data on coffee consumption was collected through a food frequency questionnaire and categorized into < 2 (reference), 2-< 4, 4-< 6, and ≥ 6 cups/day. We calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for coffee consumption and risk of RA, in a crude model (taking matching factors into account), and then adjusted first for smoking and further for BMI, educational level, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. We also stratified analyses on sex, smoking, rheumatoid factor, and anti-CCP2 status. RESULTS: In the crude model, high coffee consumption was associated with increased risk of RA (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.20-1.88 for ≥ 6 cups/day compared to < 2 cups). After adjusting for smoking, the OR decreased and was no longer statistically significant (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.92-1.46) and decreased further in the full model (OR = 1.14 95% CI 0.89-1.45). This pattern held true in all strata. CONCLUSION: The findings from this large, population-based case-control study did not support a significant association between coffee consumption and risk of RA as a whole nor within different subgroups.