Volviéndonos mejores: necesidad de acción inmediata ante el reto de la obesidad. Una postura de profesionales de la salud / Becoming better: the need for immediate action to address obesity. A position statement from health professionals

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Abstract: In recent decades, the growing obesity epidemic in Mexico has become one of the most important public health challenges faced by the country. With support from the World Obesity Federation, we formed a working group in 2021 to identify and summarize priority actions that Mexico can take to face this epidemic. More than 1 000 health professionals joined the development and discussion process. Recommendations from previously published, high-level documents and guidelines were taken into account. In commemoration of World Obesity Day 2022, this statement is presented as input for health care professionals to develop actions to address obesity. The statement includes 10 recommendations that include population-level and individual-level actions. It emphasizes the importance of social participation, comprehensive interventions with a person- centered perspective, planetary sustainability, on improving education and communication campaigns, as well as fostering a built environment that promotes active living, and shielding prevention and control efforts from conflicts of interest. The statement calls for obesity to be treated seriously, based on scientific evidence, in a timely and comprehensive manner, employing a life-course and ethical approach that does not perpetuate weight stigma in society.

Primary Barriers of Adherence to a Structured Nutritional Intervention in Patients with Dyslipidemia.

PURPOSE: To describe the primary barriers to adequately adhering to a structured nutritional intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 106 participants diagnosed with dyslipidemia and without a medical nutrition therapeutic plan were included in this two-year study conducted at the INCMNSZ dyslipidemia clinic in Mexico City. All patients were treated with the same structured strategies, including three face-to-face visits and two telephone follow-up visits. Diet plan adherence was evaluated at each site visit through a 3-day or 24-h food recall. RESULTS: Barriers to adhere to the nutritional intervention were: lack of time to prepare their meals (23%), eating outside the home (19%), unwillingness to change dietary patterns (14%), and lack of information about a correct diet for dyslipidemias (14%). All barriers decreased significantly at the end of the intervention. Female gender, current smoking, and following a plan of more than 1500 kcal (R2 = 0.18 and p-value = 0.004) were associated with good diet adherence. Participants showed good levels of adherence to total caloric intake at visit 2 and 3, reporting 104.7% and 95.4%, respectively. Adherence to macronutrient intake varied from 65.1% to 126%, with difficulties in adhering to recommended carbohydrate and fat consumption being more notable. CONCLUSION: The study findings confirm that a structured nutritional intervention is effective in reducing barriers and improving dietary adherence and metabolic control in patients with dyslipidemias. Health providers must identify barriers to adherence early on to design interventions that reduce these barriers and improve adherence.

Familial hypercholesterolemia in Mexico: Initial insights from the national registry.

BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. OBJECTIVE: Report the results of the first years (2017-2019) of the Mexican FH registry. METHODS: There are 60 investigators, representing 28 federal states, participating in the registry. The variables included are in accordance with the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) FH recommendations. RESULTS: To date, 709 patients have been registered, only 336 patients with complete data fields are presented. The mean age is 50 (36-62) years and the average time since diagnosis is 4 (IQR: 2-16) years. Genetic testing is recorded in 26.9%. Tendon xanthomas are present in 43.2%. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is 11.3% and that of premature CAD is 9.8%. Index cases, male gender, hypertension and smoking were associated with premature CAD. The median lipoprotein (a) level is 30.5 (IQR 10.8-80.7) mg/dl. Statins and co-administration with ezetimibe were recorded in 88.1% and 35.7% respectively. A combined treatment target (50% reduction in LDL-C and an LDL-C <100 mg/dl) was achieved by 13.7%. Associated factors were index case (OR 3.6, 95%CI 1.69-8.73, P = .002), combination therapy (OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.23-4.90, P = .011), type 2 diabetes (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.03-7.59, P = .036) and age (OR 1.023, 95%CI 1.01-1.05, P = .033). CONCLUSION: The results confirm late diagnosis, a lower than expected prevalence and risk of ASCVD, a higher than expected prevalence of type 2 diabetes and undertreatment, with relatively few patients reaching goals. Recommendations include, the use of combination lipid lowering therapy, control of comorbid conditions and more frequent genetic testing in the future.

La salud mental en el paciente con obesidad en protocolo para cirugía bariátrica / Mental Health in Obese Patients who Attend Bariatric Surgery

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: La asociación entre obesidad y psicopatología es bien conocida; sin embargo, la presencia de esta última en los pacientes con obesidad mórbida sometidos a cirugía bariátrica y su impacto en la pérdida de peso ha sido menos estudiado. OBJETIVO: Realizar una actualización sobre el panorama general de los trastornos psiquiátricos asociados con la obesidad mórbida, y el impacto de éstos sobre la pérdida de peso en pacientes bariátricos. MÉTODO: Se consultaron las bases de datos EBSCO Research Database y PubMed. Se seleccionaron los artículos publicados de 2011 a la fecha. Fueron utilizadas palabras clave relacionadas con el tema de estudio. RESULTADOS: Los estudios revisados mostraron cinco entidades clínicas psicopatológicas con alta prevalencia en pacientes que se encuentran en protocolo de cirugía bariátrica: Depresión y ansiedad, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, abuso de sustancias y algunas dimensiones de la personalidad. La presencia de estas condiciones se asoció a una menor pérdida de peso posterior al procedimiento quirúrgico. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: El impacto del trastorno por atracón y por abuso de sustancias en la pérdida de peso, posterior a la cirugía bariátrica, es controversial. La evaluación del paciente con obesidad candidato a cirugía bariátrica debe enfatizar, de acuerdo con la prevalencia de los trastornos reportados, la identificación de trastornos depresivos-ansiosos y del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between obesity and psychopathology is well known. However, the presence of psychopathology in patients with morbid obesity who attend bariatric surgery and its impact in weight loss has been less studied. OBJECTIVE: To perform a theme update about the general context of psychiatric disorders associated with morbid obesity, and to assess the impact of such disorders in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHOD: EBSCO Research Database and PubMed databases were consulted. Articles published between 2011 and today were selected. Key words related to the topic of study were used. RESULTS: The studies reviewed showed five psychopathological clinical entities with high prevalence in patients who attend bariatric surgery: Depression and anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, disorders of eating behavior, substance abuse, and some dimensions of personality. The presence of these disorders was associated to a poor post-surgical weight loss. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Binge eating disorder and substance abuse impact on weight loss after bariatric surgery is controversial. The evaluation of obese patients who attend bariatric surgery must emphasize, according with reported disorders prevalence, the identification of depression, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.