RESUMO
Modern anesthetic management for foot and ankle surgery includes a variety of anesthesia techniques including general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia, or MAC in combination with peripheral nerve blocks and/or multimodal analgesic agents. The choice of techniques should be tailored to the nature of the procedure, patient comorbidities, anesthesiologist skill level, intensity of anticipated postoperative pain, and surgeon preference.
Assuntos
Anestesia , Tornozelo , Pé , Humanos , Pé/cirurgia , Tornozelo/cirurgia , Anestesia/métodos , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Modern anesthetic management for foot and ankle surgery includes a variety of anesthesia techniques including general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia, or MAC in combination with peripheral nerve blocks and/or multimodal analgesic agents. The choice of techniques should be tailored to the nature of the procedure, patient comorbidities, anesthesiologist skill level, intensity of anticipated postoperative pain, and surgeon preference.
Assuntos
Anestesia , Tornozelo , Anestesia/métodos , Tornozelo/cirurgia , Humanos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Postoperative pain following thoracic surgery presents a significant challenge, and multiple factors complicate recovery and pain management for this population. Considerable comorbidities often exist in thoracic surgical patients, further limiting therapeutic options. Elements of nociceptive and neuropathic pain may contribute greatly to patient discomfort. There is no single pharmaceutical agent or route of administration that addresses every individual contributor to pain, and thus treatment regimens should be multimodal and tailored to the patient and procedure. This article outlines systemic agents, regional techniques and attendant complications, etiologies of pain following thoracic procedures, and the development and treatment of chronic pain.