Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio and Their Relationship with Nutritional Status and Quality of Life of Hospitalized Women with Breast Cancer.

Blood cell biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have been recently used as prognostic markers in tumors. In this study, we investigated the association between NLR and PLR with sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, and quality of life factors of hospitalized women with non-metastatic breast cancer. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a reference center for oncological treatment in Southeast Brazil. Female participants aged over 18 years, with a histopathological diagnosis of stage I, II or III breast cancer, in any phase of antineoplastic treatment, were included. Our study revealed a high risk for participants, with high mean values of NLR and PLR, indicating low antitumor activity and worse prognosis. The binary logistic regression model showed that there was a significant association of the NLR marker and marital status (OR = 3.1; 95%CI = 1.06-8.57; p = 0.03) and, in relation to PLR, a trend was shown for a higher chance in women of black ethnicity to have increased PLR compared to white women (OR = 4.13; 95%CI = 0.96-17.70; p = 0.05). However, the inflammatory markers (NLR and PLR) did not show any significant association with nutritional factors. NLR and PLR are inflammatory biomarkers that can be easily obtained and measured in clinical practice.

Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Women with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer in a Brazilian High Complexity Oncology Center.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer poses a significant public health concern owing to its high prevalence and the risk of mortality associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of women with non-metastatic breast cancer and to identify factors associated with it. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a High Complexity Oncology Assistance Center in the southeast region of Brazil, with the aim of assessing the nutritional status in women undergoing treatment for stage I, II, or III breast cancer. Patients in palliative care or undergoing reconstructive surgery were excluded. Data collection took place between June 2022 and March 2023 and included questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and anthropometric assessments. Nutritional status was assessed using measures such as BMI and skinfold thickness, while nutritional risk was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) tool. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between nutritional risk and educational level (p = 0.03) and BMI (p = 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between educational level and nutritional risk, indicating that lower educational level was associated with higher odds of nutritional risk (OR = 4.59; 95% CI = 1.01-21.04; p = 0.049). In addition, regarding BMI, it was observed that a BMI above 20.5 kg/m2 was associated with a higher likelihood of nutritional risk (OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.01-0.89; p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to consider the nutritional status of breast cancer patients, alongside clinical factors, to offer comprehensive and personalized care. Gaining insight into the sociodemographic variables linked to nutritional risk can significantly contribute to our understanding of breast cancer. This knowledge, in turn, can aid in identifying effective strategies for public policy, health promotion, and prevention efforts aimed at tackling this condition.

Fatores associados à adesão a comportamentos preventivos da COVID-19 em participantes do ELSA-Brasil / Factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors in ELSA-Brasil participants / Factores asociados a la adhesión a comportamientos preventivos de COVID-19 en participantes de ELSA-Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adesão a medidas de prevenção recomendadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e investigar os fatores associados a essa adesão na população adulta. Por meio de delineamento transversal, utilizam-se dados do estudo complementar Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) - COVID, realizado de 2020 a 2021, que foram analisados por meio do teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística multinomial. A amostra é composta por 5.440 participantes. A medida preventiva com maior adesão foi o uso de máscara facial (95,5%). Houve maior adesão pelo sexo feminino e menor chance de adesão pela raça/cor branca, por aqueles que consomem bebidas alcoólicas, aposentados, assim como para aqueles que moram sozinhos ou que possuem familiares que não seguiram as recomendações de ficar em casa. A maior adesão aos comportamentos preventivos foi verificada em apenas um terço da população participante, o que demonstra que havia a necessidade de uma maior conscientização quanto aos riscos em populações específicas. Os achados contribuem para melhorar o conhecimento sobre promoção da saúde e prevenção da COVID-19.

The aim of the study is to assess the adherence to recommended prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate the factors associated with this adherence in the adult population. This study has a cross-sectional design and used data from the complementary study Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) - COVID, conducted from 2020 to 2021. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression. The sample consisted of 5,440 participants. The preventive measure with the highest adherence was the use of a face mask (95.5%). There was greater adherence by females and lower chance of adherence by white people, by those who consume alcoholic beverages, people who were retired, as well as for those who live alone or who have family members who did not follow the recommendations to stay at home. Greater adherence to preventive behaviors was observed in only one third of the participating population, which demonstrates that there was a need for greater awareness of the risks in specific populations. The findings contribute to improving our understanding about health promotion and COVID-19 prevention.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la adhesión a las medidas de prevención recomendadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 e investigar los factores asociados con esta adhesión en la población adulta. El presente estudio tiene un diseño transversal y utilizó datos del estudio complementario Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto en Brasil (ELSA-Brasil) - COVID, realizado de 2020 a 2021. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la regresión logística multinomial. La muestra fue compuesta por 5.440 participantes. La medida preventiva con mayor adhesión fue el uso de mascarilla facial (95,5%). Hubo mayor adhesión por el sexo femenino y menor posibilidad de adhesión por la raza/color blanca, por aquellos que consumen bebidas alcohólicas, jubilados, así como para aquellos que viven solos o que tienen familiares que no siguieron las recomendaciones de quedarse en casa. Solo se comprobó una mayor adhesión a los comportamientos preventivos en un tercio de la población participante, lo que demuestra que había la necesidad de una mayor concientización en cuanto a los riesgos en poblaciones específicas. Los resultados contribuyen a mejorar el conocimiento sobre la promoción de la salud y la prevención del COVID-19.

Alimentación, estilo de vida y distanciamiento social: un estudio en el sureste brasilero durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Introducción: a raíz de la emergencia por la COVID-19, las medidas de distanciamiento social adoptadas para mitigar la tasa de infección pueden influenciar los hábitos alimentarios y otros factores de estilo de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación del distanciamiento social y los factores de estilo de vida en adultos del sureste brasilero durante la primera ola pandémica. Metodología: se trata de un estudio transversal con 1828 adultos de entre 18 y 83 años, de ambos sexos, realizado a través de un cuestionario en línea; se recolectaron y analizaron datos sociodemográficos, alimentarios, sanitarios y de estilo de vida, en función de si se guardó o no el distanciamiento social. Resultados: los resultados mostraron disminución del desayuno (12,5 %) y aumento del consumo de meriendas (24,5 % matutina y 12,5 % vespertina) y picoteos entre comidas (20,4 %), así como de la ingesta de verduras y leguminosas entre quienes estaban en distanciamiento social y de pescado y comida rápida entre los que no lo estaban; la mayoría de participantes reportó ganancia de peso a lo largo de este periodo. Las personas en confinamiento dormían más y su principal causa de ansiedad fueron las estadísticas de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de implementar estrategias de promoción de la salud acordes a circunstancias como la actual.

Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, measures of social distancing to reduce the rate of infection can influence eating habits and other lifestyle factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship between social distancing and lifestyle factors in adults in southeastern Brazil during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods:: It was a cross-sectional study with 1,828 adults between 18 and 83 years of age, of both sexes, carried out through an online questionnaire; sociodemographic, food, health, and lifestyle data were collected and analyzed based on whether or not the social distancing was carried out. Results: The results showed a decrease in breakfast consumption (12.5%) and an increase in the consumption of snacks (24.5% morning snack; 12.5% afternoon snack) and snacks between meals (20.4%) during the pandemic, as well as an increase in the consumption of vegetables and legumes among people who did social distancing and in the consumption of fish and fast food among those who did not do social distancing; most participants reported weight gain during social distancing. People who were in social distancing slept more compared to those who were not in social distancing. The main cause of anxiety among those who kept social distancing were COVID-19 statistics. Conclusion: The findings suggest the need for health promotion strategies adapted to the condition of confinement in circumstances such as the current pandemic.

Overweight and obesity prevalence trend in Espírito Santo, Brazil: an ecological study, 2009-2018. / Tendência da prevalência do sobrepeso e obesidade no Espírito Santo: estudo ecológico, 2009-2018.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2009 and 2018. METHODS: This was an ecological study, with data from the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN). Overweight and obesity were classified as recommended by the World Health Organization. Prais-Winsten regression was used to estimate the trend of the prevalence. RESULTS: There was an increasing trend of overweight (5.5 to 8.6%) and obesity (4.4 to 8.3%), in both sexes and in different regions of the state. In the stratified analysis, there was an increase in overweight and obesity in children, adolescents and adult women (4.2 to 8.6%; p<0.05). Obesity increased among male adolescents, in the south, central and north regions of the state, while in the south region, in all age groups (5.1% growth; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: There was an increase in overweight and obesity in Espírito Santo, from 2009 to 2018.

Tendência da prevalência do sobrepeso e obesidade no Espírito Santo: estudo ecológico, 2009-2018 / Tendencia en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en Espírito Santo, Brasil: un estudio ecológico, 2009-2018 / Overweight and obesity prevalence trend in Espírito Santo, Brazil: an ecological study, 2009-2018

Objetivo: Analisar tendências nas prevalências do sobrepeso e obesidade no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, entre 2009 e 2018. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com dados do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. O sobrepeso e a obesidade foram classificados conforme preconiza a Organização Mundial da Saúde. Realizou-se regressão linear (Prais-Winsten) para estimar a tendência da prevalência. Resultados: Observou-se tendência crescente de sobrepeso (5,5 a 8,6%) e obesidade (4,4 a 8,3%), em ambos os sexos e nas diferentes regiões do estado. Na análise estratificada, houve aumento de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças, adolescentes e adultos do sexo feminino (4,2 a 8,6%; p<0,05). No sexo masculino, nas regiões norte, central e sul do estado, a obesidade cresceu entre adolescentes, enquanto na região sul, em todas as faixas etárias (crescimento de 5,1%; p=0,01). Conclusão: Houve aumento do sobrepeso e da obesidade no Espírito Santo, de 2009 a 2018.

Objetivo: Analizar tendencias en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en el estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil, de 2009-2018. Métodos: Estudio ecológico utilizando datos del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. El sobrepeso y la obesidad se clasificaron según recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se realizó regresión lineal (Prais-Winsten) para estimar la tendencia de prevalencia. Resultados: Se observó una tendencia creciente al sobrepeso (5,5 a 8,6%) y a la obesidad (4,4 a 8,3%), en ambos sexos y regiones. En el análisis estratificado, hubo aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños, adolescentes y mujeres adultas (4,2 a 8,6%; p<0,05). En los hombres, la obesidad aumentó entre los adolescentes de las regiones norte, centro y sur del estado y hubo un aumento de la obesidad (5,1%; p=0,01) en todas las edades en la región sur. Conclusión: Hubo un aumento del sobrepeso y la obesidad de 2009 a 2018 en Espírito Santo.

Objective To analyze trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2009 and 2018. Methods This was an ecological study, with data from the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN). Overweight and obesity were classified as recommended by the World Health Organization. Prais-Winsten regression was used to estimate the trend of the prevalence. Results There was an increasing trend of overweight (5.5 to 8.6%) and obesity (4.4 to 8.3%), in both sexes and in different regions of the state. In the stratified analysis, there was an increase in overweight and obesity in children, adolescents and adult women (4,2 a 8,6%; p<0,05). Obesity increased among male adolescents, in the south, central and north regions of the state, while in the south region, in all age groups (5.1% growth; p=0.01). Conclusion There was an increase in overweight and obesity in Espírito Santo, from 2009 to 2018.

Actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y factores asociados en adultos brasileños / Atividade física, comportamento sedentário e fatores associados em adultos brasileiros / Physical activity, sedentary behavior and associated factors in Brazilian adults

Introducción: en las últimas décadas se han producido cambios en el patrón de comportamiento humano, dando como resultado que la población se mueva menos y permanezca más tiempo sentada. La práctica de actividad física (AF) ofrece beneficios para la salud pero no puede compensar el tiempo empleado en hábitos de comportamiento sedentario. Objetivo: evaluar la AF, el comportamiento sedentario y sus factores asociados en adultos de una institución pública de educación en Espírito Santo (Brasil). Métodos: se analizaron 200 individuos (20-59 años) empleando dos dominios del International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) versión larga, el primero de estos referente a recreación, deporte, ejercicio y AF de ocio; el segundo, evaluando el tiempo que estos permanecen sentados. Resultados: se observó que las personas activas pasan tanto tiempo sentadas como las personas inactivas, y que las personas con edad más avanzada tienen un tiempo de AF menor y más probabilidades de estar inactivas en comparación con las más jóvenes. Aquellos que están más tiempo frente a dispositivos de pantalla tienen mayor probabilidad de pasar más tiempo sentados. Los participantes con mayor escolaridad tuvieron mayores medias de tiempo en posición de sentado y tiempo de pantalla. Conclusión: las personas mayores tienen menos tiempo para realizar AF en comparación con individuos más jóvenes, así como mayor probabilidad de permanecer inactivas. Los individuos considerados activos presentaron el mismo tiempo en posición de sentado que los inactivos.

Introdução: nas últimas décadas, o padrão comportamental humano tem mudado, fazendo com que a população se movimente menos e permaneça mais tempo sentada. A prática de atividade física oferece benefícios à saúde, mas pode não compensar o tempo dispendido em atividades de comportamento sedentário. Objetivo: avaliar a atividade física, o comportamento sedentário e seus fatores associados em adultos de uma instituição pública de ensino do Espírito Santo (Brasil). Métodos: foram analisados 200 indivíduos (20-59 anos). Utilizou-se de dois domínios do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) versão longa, o primeiro refere-se à atividade física de recreação, esporte, exercício e de lazer, e o segundo avalia tempo gasto sentado. Resultados: observou-se que indivíduos ativos passam tanto tempo sentado quanto os inativos, e que os indivíduos mais velhos apresentaram menor tempo de atividade física e têm mais chances de serem inativos quando comparados aos mais jovens. Já os que dispendem mais tempo com dispositivos de tela têm maiores chances de passar mais tempo sentado. Os participantes de maior escolaridade apresentaram maiores médias de tempo sentado e tempo de tela. Conclusão: os indivíduos comidade mais avançada apresentam menor tempo de prática de atividade física quando comparados aos mais jovens e apresentam mais chances de serem inativos. Os indivíduos considerados ativos apresentaram o mesmo tempo sentado que os inativos.

Introduction: In recent decades, changes in the human behavioral pattern have caused the population to move less and stay longer in a sitting position. Physical activity offershealth benefits but may not compensate for the time spent on sedentary behavior activities. Objective: To evaluate physical activity, sedentary behavior and its associated factors in adults of a public educational institution in Espírito Santo (Brazil). Methods: A total of 200 individuals (aged 20 to 59) in a federal educational institution of Espírito Santo (Brazil) were studied using two domains of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), extended version. The first of these domains refers to the recreation, sport, exercise and leisure physical activity, while the second evaluates the time spent in a sitting position. Results: Active individuals spend as much time in a sitting position as inactive subjects. Besides, older individuals recorded shorter physical activity time and are more likely to be inactive when compared to younger subjects. Those who spend more time in front of screen devices are more likely to remain more time sitting. Participants with higher education recorded higher average sitting time and screen time. Conclusion: Older individuals have less time to practice physical activity when compared to younger people and they are more likely to remain inactive. Individuals considered as active showed the same sitting time as inactive participants.