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BACKGROUND: Recurrence develops in 50% of operated bladder cancer patients. It is important to detect recurrence in advance, and there is no prognostic reliable biomarker for bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to show that changes in hematological parameters before radiological imaging can predict recurrence. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder identified using our institutional database (2010-2022). Disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated as relapse or death due to any cause. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for DFS according to the follow-up period. DFS was calculated in two groups neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) < 3 and NLR ≥ 3. Log-rank test was used for comparison between groups and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In the study, 91 patients were examined. The median age was 61.0 (34-79). 57.1% of the patients were T (1-2) and 42.9% were T (3-4). The lymph node (LN) was negative in 78% and positive in 22%. Median follow-up time and DFS were 53.4 months and 54%, respectively. The median NLR was 2.8 (0.8-8.7). For DFS, there was a significant difference according to age, T stage, and LN status (p: 0.048, 0.019, and 0.040). There was no significant difference in the NLR in terms of DFS at the time of diagnosis (p: 0.654). In follow-ups; While there was no difference in the NLR for DFS 12 months before recurrence (p: 0.231), there was a significant difference 6 months before the relapse and at the time of recurrence (p: 0.023 and 0.031). CONCLUSION: The change in the NLR before radiological recurrence in bladder cancer is significant in predicting recurrence. Prospective and multi-center research is needed to confirm our findings.
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INTRODUCTION: This study aims to report the efficacy and safety of capecitabine plus temozolomide (CAPTEM) across different lines of treatment in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study analyzing the data of 308 patients with metastatic NETs treated with CAPTEM between 2010 and 2022 in 34 different hospitals across various regions of Turkey. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 41.0 months (range: 1.7-212.1), and the median age was 53 years (range: 22-79). Our results across the entire patient cohort showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 10.6 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 60.4 months. First-line CAPTEM treatment appeared more effective, with a median PFS of 16.1 months and a median OS of 105.8 months (median PFS 16.1, 7.9, and 9.6 months in first-, second- and ≥third-line respectively, Pâ =â .01; with median OS values of 105.8, 47.2, and 24.1 months, respectively, Pâ =â .003) In terms of ORR, the first-line treatment again performed better, resulting in an ORR of 54.7% compared to 33.3% and 30.0% in the second and third or higher lines, respectively (Pâ <â .001). Grade 3-4 side effects occurred only in 22.5% of the patients, leading to a discontinuation rate of 9.5%. Despite the differences in outcomes based on treatment line, we did not observe a significant difference in terms of side effects between the first and subsequent lines of treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The substantial superior outcomes in patients receiving first-line CAPTEM treatment highlight its potential as an effective treatment strategy for patients with metastatic NET.
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Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Capecitabina/efeitos adversos , Temozolomida/uso terapêutico , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/tratamento farmacológico , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Turquia/epidemiologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Among females, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer. Hormon receptor positive (HR+) subtype constitutes 75% of the diagnosed breast cancers. Combination of the cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor and endocrine therapy significantly improves overall survival and progression-free survival. Ribociclib is an oral CDK 4/6 inhibitor and some adverse effects are identified. According to MONALEESA 2-3-7 studies, no adverse effect (AE) were reported due to grade 3 or 4 acute kidney injury (AKI) that caused treatment discontinuation. CASE REPORT: We report a ribociclib-induced grade 3 AKI in an elderly woman who was treated for metastatic breast cancer. During first cycle of therapy, she was admitted to the oncology clinic with diagnosis of AKI.Management and outcome: Ribociclib treatment was discontinued and secondary causes of AKI were excluded. During the follow-up, kidney function values returned to the normal range spontaneously. Ribociclib treatment was re-initiated by reducing the dose (400 mg daily). Despite dose reduction; grade 3 AKI recurred when ribociclib was re-initiated and the drug was permanently discontinued. DISCUSSION: According to MONALEESA 2-3-7 studies; no AE were reported due to grade 3 or 4 AKI. Despite these studies, the FDA reported that 20% of patients with ribociclib + letrozole combination therapy may have any stage elevation of creatinine. Ribociclib induced creatinine elevations are generally mild (grade 1-2) and can be managed by dose reduction or close monitoring of creatinine levels. We report the first case of grade 3 AKI that caused treatment discontinuation following administration of ribociclib.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Aminopiridinas/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama , Purinas/efeitos adversos , Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Letrozol/uso terapêutico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Receptores de EstrogênioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly turned into a global pandemic with close to 5 million cases and more than 320,000 deaths. Cancer patients constitute a group that is expected to be at risk and poor prognosis in COVID pandemic. We aimed to investigate how cancer patients are affected by COVID-19 infection, its clinical course and the factors affecting mortality. METHODS: In our single-center retrospective study, we included cancer patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in our hospital. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records. Logistic regression methods were used to investigate risk factors associated with in-hospital death. RESULTS: In the hospital, 4489 patients were hospitalized with COVID infection and 77 were cancer patients. The mean age of cancer patients was 61.9 ± 10.9 and 44 of them were male (62%). While the mortality rate in non-cancer patients was 1.51% (n = 68), this rate was significantly higher in cancer patients, 23.9% (n = 17). The stage of the disease, receiving chemotherapy in the last 30 days also lymphopenia, elevated troponin I, D-dimer, CRP, and CT findings were associated with severe disease and mortality. Severe lung involvement (OR = 22.9, p = 0.01) and lymphopenia (OR = 0.99, p = 0.04) are the most important factors influencing survival in logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: The disease is more severe in cancer patients and mortality is significantly higher than non-cancer patients. These data show that it may be beneficial to develop dynamic prevention, early diagnosis and treatment strategies for this vulnerable group of patients who are affected by the infection so much.