Innate and adaptive AAV-mediated immune responses in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

High systemic doses of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been associated with immune-related serious adverse events (SAEs). Although AAV was well tolerated in preclinical models, SAEs were observed in clinical trials, indicating the need for improved preclinical models to understand AAV-induced immune responses. Here, we show that mice dual-dosed with AAV9 at 4-week intervals better recapitulate aspects of human immunity to AAV. In the model, anti-AAV9 immunoglobulin G (IgGs) increased in a linear fashion between the first and second AAV administrations. Complement activation was only observed in the presence of high levels of both AAV and anti-AAV IgG. Myeloid-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly induced in the same pattern as complement activation, suggesting that myeloid cell activation to AAV may rely on the presence of both AAV and anti-AAV IgG complexes. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells confirmed that activated monocytes were a primary source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which were significantly increased after a second AAV9 exposure. The same activated monocyte clusters expressed both Fcγ and complement receptors, suggesting that anti-AAV-mediated activation of myeloid cells through Fcγ receptors and/or complement receptors is one mechanism by which anti-AAV antigen complexes may prime antigen-presenting cells and amplify downstream immunity.

Nebulized glycyrrhizin/enoxolone drug modulates IL-17A in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Glycyrrhizin (GA) and its derivative Enoxolone (18ß), isolated from the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant, are two potential molecules for treating viral diseases. Both demonstrate to regulate immune system with antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, with the latter mainly due to modulation of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a nebulized GA/18ß drug for treating COVID-19 patients. Methods: An open label, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in Mexico City from January-August 2022 (Registration No. PROTAP-CLI-00). Clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded. Blood samples from patients were regularly collected to evaluate interleukins IL-4, IL-2, IL-1b, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10,IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-8 and TGF-ß1, as well as IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Two doses of the drug were used - 30/2 mg (dose A) and 90/4 mg (dose B). Results and discussion: Both GA/18ß doses modulated inflammatory response by reducing mainly IL-17A expression, which in turn kept IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α interleukins unchanged, indicating significant modulation of key interleukin levels to prevent exacerbation of the immune response in COVID-19 patients. Early on, dose A increased IgM, while dose B induced expression of the antiviral IFN-γ. No severe side effects were seen with either dose, indicating nebulized GA/18ß is a safe treatment that could be used for COVID-19 and potentially other viral infections involving inflammatory response.

TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions.

Acne affects 1 in 10 people globally, often resulting in disfigurement. The disease involves excess production of lipids, particularly squalene, increased growth of Cutibacterium acnes, and a host inflammatory response with foamy macrophages. By combining single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing as well as ultrahigh-resolution Seq-Scope analyses of early acne lesions on back skin, we identified TREM2 macrophages expressing lipid metabolism and proinflammatory gene programs in proximity to hair follicle epithelium expressing squalene epoxidase. We established that the addition of squalene induced differentiation of TREM2 macrophages in vitro, which were unable to kill C. acnes. The addition of squalene to macrophages inhibited induction of oxidative enzymes and scavenged oxygen free radicals, providing an explanation for the efficacy of topical benzoyl peroxide in the clinical treatment of acne. The present work has elucidated the mechanisms by which TREM2 macrophages and unsaturated lipids, similar to their involvement in atherosclerosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of acne.

Trasplante de microbiota fecal para el tratamiento de la obesidad y de sus comorbilidades asociadas: Revisión

RESUMEN La obesidad es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Existen evidencias sobre la interacción entre la microbiota intestinal, la regulación metabólica y la obesidad. El problema mundial de la obesidad impulsa el estudio de nuevas propuestas preventivas y/o terapéuticas. El trasplante de microbiota fecal (TMF) se proyecta como un posible tratamiento para la obesidad y sus comorbilidades asociadas. El objetivo de este estudio es sintetizar la documentación actual que existe sobre el efecto en parámetros metabólicos y clínicos que produce el TMF en humanos con obesidad, así como evidenciar la metodología empleada en el TMF. En los resultados primarios se señaló la existencia de cambios significativos en la composición de la microbiota intestinal (MI) y mejoría en marcadores metabólicos como disminución de la resistencia a la insulina (RI) y de la hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), así como aumento de colesterol de alta densidad (HDL). Además, en marcadores clínicos como la disminución del índice de masa corporal y de la circunferencia de cintura. En los resultados secundarios se sustentó la necesidad de estandarizar el diseño experimental del TMF, iniciando con establecer la correcta selección de donantes hasta determinar el seguimiento del TMF a largo plazo. En conclusión, a pesar de que hay un número limitado de estudios y una falta de estandarización de las metodologías para llevar a cabo TMF, se han podido evidenciar algunas asociaciones metabólicas positivas, por lo que el TMF sigue siendo una opción potencialmente prometedora para el tratamiento coadyuvante de la obesidad.

ABSTRACT Obesity is a worldwide health problem. There is evidence of the interaction between the gut microbiota metabolic regulation, and obesity. The global problem of obesity has prompted the study of new preventive and/or therapeutic proposals. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is projected as a possible treatment for obesity and its associated comorbidities. The objective of this study is to synthesize the current documentation that exists on the effect in metabolic and clinical parameters produced by FMT in humans with obesity, as well as to make evident the methodology used in FMT. Primary results indicated the existence of significant changes in the composition of gut microbiota and improvement in some metabolic markers such as a decrease in insulin resistance (IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as an increase in high-density cholesterol (HDL). Further changed were noted in clinical markers such as the decrease in body mass index and waist circumference. Secondary results supported the need to standardize the experimental design of FMT, starting with establishing the correct selection of donors to determine the long-term follow-up of FMT. In conclusion, even though there is a limited number of studies and a lack of standardization on the methodology to carry out FMT, some positive metabolic associations have been shown, which is why FMT remains a potentially promising option for treatment adjuvant of obesity.

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Long-Term Retrospective Study in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: The present retrospective study reviewed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cases recorded in Mexico between January 2007 and January 2017. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate overall survival (OS) in Mexican patients with APL. Secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of induction treatment with different anthracyclines on OS, event-free survival (EFS) and complications in this patient population. METHODS: The medical charts of patients referred to medical institutions in Mexico from January 2007 through January 2017 for the treatment of suspected APL were reviewed retrospectively. Patients aged 15 - 75 years, in whom the diagnosis of APL was confirmed, who had an Eastern Cooperative Group performance status of 0 - 2, and who were eligible for combined treatment with intensive chemotherapy and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), were included in the study. Study participants received induction and consolidation treatment with ATRA plus either daunorubicin or idarubicin, followed by 2 years of single-agent ATRA as maintenance therapy. Patients who were unable to pay for ATRA treatment received anthracycline-based induction and consolidation, with methotrexate plus mercaptopurine as maintenance therapy. RESULTS: A total of 360 patients from 21 public and private hospitals were included in the study. The median age of the population was 37 years, and 51% were male. Of the 360 patients, 205 (57%) vs. 155 (43%) received daunorubicin vs. idarubicin as induction treatment for APL. ATRA was administered to 201 (98%) patients in the daunorubicin group vs. 138 (89%) in the idarubicin group (P = 0.001), and was initiated at diagnosis in 92% vs. 73% of recipients, respectively (P = 0.0001). At 150 months, OS and EFS for the entire population were 84% and 79%, respectively. Both OS (90% vs. 76%, P = 0.003) and EFS (85% vs. 72%, P = 0.001) were significantly prolonged in daunorubicin vs. idarubicin recipients. Rates of complications were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: As arsenic trioxide (ATO) is not currently available in Mexico, anthracycline plus ATRA is the mainstay of treatment for APL here. Our results confirm the efficacy of this strategy, with high OS and EFS rates being observed 12.5 years after diagnosis.

Long-term Survival After Heart Transplantation: A Population-based Nested Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation is the mainstay of treatment for patients in end-stage heart failure. This study sought to contrast survival after transplantation with that of the general population to quantify standardized mortality rates using a nested case-control study design. METHODS: Control subjects were noninstitutionalized inhabitants of the United States identified through the National Longitudinal Mortality study. Case subjects were adults who underwent heart transplantation between 1990 and 2007 and identified through the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Propensity-matching (5:1, nearest neighbor, caliper = 0.1) was utilized to identify suitable control subjects based on age, sex, race, and state of permanent residency. The primary study endpoint was 10-year survival. RESULTS: In all, 31,883 heart transplant recipients were matched to 159,415 noninstitutionalized residents of the United States. The 10-year survival of heart transplant recipients was 53%. The population expected mortality rate was 15.9 deaths per 100 person-years with an observed rate of 45.1 deaths per 100 person-years (standardized mortality rate [SMR] 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 2.82 to 2.87). The broadest gaps between observed and expected survival were evident in female (SMR 3.63), black (SMR 3.67), and Hispanic (SMR 4.12) recipients. Standardized mortality ratios declined over time (1990 to 1995, 3.09; 1996 to 2000, 2.90; 2001 to 2007, 2.58). The long-term standardized survival of older recipients was closest to that expected for their age. CONCLUSIONS: Heart transplant recipients have considerable long-term survival and have a threefold higher standardized long-term mortality rate than that of the noninstitutionalized population. Long-term mortality rates have consistently declined over time and will likely continue to decrease.

Treatment-Related Mortality From Infectious Complications in an Acute Leukemia Clinic.

BACKGROUND: The main causes of mortality in patients with acute leukemia are the infectious complications. The author wanted to know the induction-related mortality and treatment-related mortality in the acute leukemia patients at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia (INCan), Mexico. Also the author is interested in finding out the micro-organism and the main site of infection to make some changes in the management of patients in these clinics. Primary objective was induction chemotherapy-related mortality and treatment-related mortality. Secondary objective was to determine the site of infection, micro-organism, type of chemotherapy related with more mortality and relapse mortality. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-series analysis of all patients who were admitted to the INCan Acute Leukemia Clinic between January 2012 and December 2015 with febrile neutropenic complications. We reviewed the case histories of all patients, including those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), acute biphenotypic leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia, regardless of disease status (newly diagnosed or relapsed) at the time of clinic attendance. Patients who died as the result of an infectious complication during the analysis window were identified, and their demographics, disease characteristics, treatment history (chemotherapy within 45 days of date of death) and details of the infectious complication resulting in death were collected. RESULTS: Of the 313 patients studied during that time period, 84 (27%) died as a result of infectious complications. Lung infections were the most common, accounting for 67% of all deaths from infectious complications. Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was the most frequently isolated infectious organism (12 patients; 14%). The majority of deaths occurred during either induction therapy (27 patients; 32%) or treatment for a first relapse (25 patients; 30%). Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (hyper-CVAD) was the chemotherapy regimen most commonly received within 45 days prior to death (17 patients; 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a need for long-term management and supportive care to prevent infectious complication-associated fatalities during both initial chemotherapy and subsequent disease relapse in patients with acute leukemia. The use of prophylaxis will help patients to prevent complications.

DNA methylation changes in clonally propagated oil palm.

KEY MESSAGE: Several hypomethylated sites within the Karma region of EgDEF1 and hotspot regions in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, and 5 may be associated with mantling. One of the main challenges faced by the oil palm industry is fruit abnormalities, such as the "mantled" phenotype that can lead to reduced yields. This clonal abnormality is an epigenetic phenomenon and has been linked to the hypomethylation of a transposable element within the EgDEF1 gene. To understand the epigenome changes in clones, methylomes of clonal oil palms were compared to methylomes of seedling-derived oil palms. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data from seedlings, normal, and mantled clones were analyzed to determine and compare the context-specific DNA methylomes. In seedlings, coding and regulatory regions are generally hypomethylated while introns and repeats are extensively methylated. Genes with a low number of guanines and cytosines in the third position of codons (GC3-poor genes) were increasingly methylated towards their 3' region, while GC3-rich genes remain demethylated, similar to patterns in other eukaryotic species. Predicted promoter regions were generally hypomethylated in seedlings. In clones, CG, CHG, and CHH methylation levels generally decreased in functionally important regions, such as promoters, 5' UTRs, and coding regions. Although random regions were found to be hypomethylated in clonal genomes, hypomethylation of certain hotspot regions may be associated with the clonal mantling phenotype. Our findings, therefore, suggest other hypomethylated CHG sites within the Karma of EgDEF1 and hypomethylated hotspot regions in chromosomes 1, 2, 3 and 5, are associated with mantling.

Effect of Vertical or Beveled Chondral Defect Creation on Rim Deformation and Contact.

OBJECTIVE: To determine biomechanical effects of knee cartilage defect perimeter morphology based on cartilage strain and opposing subchondral bone contact. DESIGN: Articular cartilage defects were created in 5 bovine femoral condyles: group 1, 45° inner bevel with 8-mm rim; group 2, vertical with 8-mm rim; and group 3, 45° outer bevel with 8-mm base. Samples were placed into a custom-machined micro-computed tomography tube and subjected to 800 N of axial loading. DICOM data were used to calculate cartilage thickness 4 and 6 mm from the center, distance between tibial cartilage surface and femoral subchondral bone, and contact width between tibial cartilage and subchondral bone. Strain 4 mm from the center and both absolute and change in distance (mm) to subchondral bone were compared between groups 1 and 2 using paired t tests. Strain at 6 mm and distance changed, loaded distance, and contact width (mm) were compared between groups using the Friedman test with post hoc analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: No significant differences in rim strain were noted between groups 1 and 2 at 4 mm ( P = 0.10) and between groups 1, 2, and 3 at 6 mm ( P = 0.247) from the defect center. The loaded distance was significantly different between groups 1 and 3 ( P = 0.013). No significant change in distance to the subchondral bone was found between groups ( P = 0.156). The difference in subchondral bone contact area approached but did not reach significance ( P = 0.074). CONCLUSION: When debriding focal articular cartilage defects, establishment of an inner bevel decreases tissue deformation and contact with opposing subchondral bone.

El concepto dialéctico de internalización en Vygotski: aproximaciones a un debate / O conceito dialético de internalização em Vygotsky: aproxima-se de um debate / Vygotski's dialectic concept of internalization: approaches to an debate

Resumen El artículo presenta algunos aspectos centrales del debate contemporáneo en torno a la noción de internalización de L. S. Vygotski, intentando una lectura coherente con las premisas teóricas y epistemológicas de la tradición histórico-cultural. Se argumenta que en el corazón de la crítica a la noción de internalización -basada en señalar su dualismo- subyacen supuestos igualmente dualistas, que determinan interpretaciones alejadas de la noción de internalización genuinamente vygotskiana, arraigada ésta en la filosofía de tradición dialéctica. Se defiende que es necesario reconocer esta dimensión filosófico-epistemológica para llegar a una noción de internalización que permita tanto superar el dualismo, como constituirse en herramienta útil para el tratamiento de diversos problemas en psicología.

Abstract The article presents some central aspects of the contemporary debate on the L.S. Vygotski's notion of internalization, attempting a coherent reading with the theoretical and epistemological premises of the historical-cultural tradition. It is argued that at the heart of the critique of the notion of internalization - based on its dualism - underlies equally dualistic assumptions, which determine interpretations that are far from the genuinely vygotskian notion of internalization, rooted in the dialectical philosophy. It is proposed that it is necessary to recognize this philosophical-epistemological dimension to arrive at a notion of internalization that allows both to overcome the dualism, and to become a useful tool for the treatment of several problems in psychology.

Resumo O artigo apresenta alguns aspectos centrais do debate contemporâneo em torno da noção de internalização de L. S. Vygotsky, tentando ler coerentemente as premissas teóricas e epistemológicas da tradição histórico-cultural. Argumenta-se que, no centro da crítica da noção de internalização, baseada em apontar seu dualismo - subjacente a pressupostos igualmente dualistas, que determinam as interpretações para longe da noção de internalização genuinamente vygotskana, enraizada na filosofia da tradição dialética. Defende-se que é necessário reconhecer essa dimensão filosófico-epistemológica para chegar a uma noção de internalização que permita tanto superar o dualismo como se tornar uma ferramenta útil para o tratamento de vários problemas na psicologia.

Efficacy of hydralazine and valproate in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a phase II study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the activity and safety of hydralazine and valproate (Transkrip) in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). METHODS: Previously untreated and progressive/refractory CTCL patients received hydralazine at 83 mg or 182 mg/day for slow and rapid acetylators respectively plus magnesium valproate at a total dose of 30 mg/Kg t.i.d daily in continuous 28-day cycles in this phase II study. The primary objective was overall response rate (ORR) measured by the modified severity weighted assessment tool (m-SWAT), secondary end-points were time to response (TTR), time to progression (TTP), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were enrolled (7 untreated and 7 pretreated). ORR was 71% with 50% complete and 21% partial. Two had stable disease and two progressed. At a median follow-up of 36 months (5-52), median TTR was 2 months (1-4); median DOR was 28 months (5-45); median PFS 36 and not reached for OS. There were no differences in median TTR, DOR, and PFS between treated and pretreated patients. Pruritus relieve was complete in 13 out of 14 patients. No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION: The combination of hydralazine and valproate is safe, very well tolerated and effective in CTCL.

Tratamiento prostodóntico de pacientes con displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica: reporte de dos casos / Prosthodontic treatment of patients aflicted with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: Report of two cases

Resumen: La displasia ectodérmica es un desorden hereditario caracterizado por un desarrollo anormal de ciertos tejidos y estructuras de origen ectodérmico. La forma más comúnmente observada de displasia ectodérmica es del tipo hipohidrótica. El diagnóstico se basa en la ausencia o disminución de glándulas sudoríparas. Comúnmente es una condición complicada en cuanto al tratamiento odontológico de las deficiencias orales características de este síndrome. Es importante que estas personas reciban atención dental a temprana edad por razones fisiológicas y psicosociales. Este reporte clínico describe las características y el tratamiento prostodóntico de dos hermanos con displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica.

Abstract: Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder characterized by the abnormal development of certain ectodermal-origin tissues and structures. Hypohidrotic type is the most commonly observed form of ectodermal dysplasia. Diagnosis is based on the absence or decrease of sweat glands. Dental treatment of oral deficiencies characteristic of this syndrome is commonly quite complex. Physiological and psychosocial reasons dictate the importance for these patients to receive dental treatment at early ages. The present clinical report describes characteristics and prosthodontics treatment of two siblings afflicted with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Genetic parameters of days open in Charolais cattle of Cuba / Parámetros genéticos de los días abiertos en ganado Charolais de Cuba / Parâmetros genéticos dos dias vazios no gado Charolês de Cuba

Background: there is little information in Cuba regarding the genetic components of the postpartum period in beef cattle. Objective: to compare estimates of genetic parameters of days open (DO) obtained with three models in Charolais cattle of Cuba. Methods: data from individual reproductive control of Charolais cattle from 17 herds in two Cuban companies were analyzed. The sample consisted of 16,891 calvings from 4,593 cows, daughters of 190 sires and 2,770 dams. Up to 10 parities per female between years 1981 and 2005 were considered. The WOMBAT program was used to estimate variance components. Three models were applied; an univariate model (UM) for each separate parity until the sixth calving; a repeatability model (RM) with all parities; and a random regression model (ARM) taking the number of calving as an independent variable. Results: the overall average for DO was 171 ± 93 days. The trend of the average value for DO in each calving was decreasing from the first to the tenth parity, with a seasonal performance around 155 days between the fourth and eighth calving. DO heritability estimated by UM was variable, with values of 0.03 for the first calving and 0.06 for the sixth. These variations cannot be observed with RM that estimated a heritability of 0.06. Values of 0.05 in the first calving until 0.07 in the tenth were estimated with ARM. Genetic correlations among DO for different parities were close to unity. Conclusions: changes of the estimated heritability for DO through the productive life of a female can be observed with ARM. The heritability estimates were low and did not differ from the results reported in other beef cattle breeds.

Antecedentes: en Cuba existe poca información relacionada con los componentes genéticos del periodo posparto en bovinos para carne. Objetivo: comparar los estimados de parámetros genéticos de los días abiertos (DO) obtenidos con tres modelos en ganado Charolais de Cuba. Métodos: los datos del control reproductivo individual de vacas Charolais de 17 hatos en dos empresas de Cuba fueron analizados. La muestra estuvo conformada por 16.891 partos de 4.593 vacas, hijas de 190 padres y 2.770 madres. Fueron considerados hasta 10 partos por hembras que ocurrieron entre 1981 y 2005. Se utilizó el programa WOMBAT para la estimación de componentes de varianza. Se aplicaron tres modelos; un modelo univariado (UM) para cada parto independiente hasta el sexto parto; un modelo de repetibilidad (RM) con todos los partos; y un modelo de regresión aleatoria (ARM) tomando el número del parto como variable independiente. Resultados: la media general de DO fue de 171 ± 93 días. La tendencia del valor promedio para DO en cada parto fue decreciente desde el primero al décimo, con un comportamiento estacional alrededor de 155 días entre el cuarto y el octavo parto. La heredabilidad de DO estimada por UM fue variable con valores de 0,03 en el primer parto y 0,06 en el sexto. Estas variaciones no pueden ser observadas con el RM que estimó una heredabilidad de 0,06. Valores de 0,05 en el primer parto hasta 0,07 en el décimo fueron estimados con el ARM. Las correlaciones genéticas entre DO para los diferentes partos fueron cercanos a la unidad. Conclusiones: los cambios de la heredabilidad estimada para DO a través de la vida productiva de una hembra pueden ser observados con los ARM. Los estimados de heredabilidad fueron bajos y no difiere de los resultados reportados en otras razas de ganado bovino para carne.

Antecedentes: em Cuba há pouca informação sobre os componentes genéticos do período pós-parto em bovinos de corte. Objetivo: comparar as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos de dias vazios (DO) obtidos com os três modelos em bovinos Charolês de Cuba. Métodos: os dados de controle reprodutivo individual de bovinos Charolês de 17 rebanhos em duas empresas de Cuba foram analisados. A amostra consistiu de 16.891 partos de 4.593 vacas, filhas de 190 touros e 2.770 matrizes. Até 10 partos foram considerados por fêmea que ocorreram entre 1981 e 2005. O programa WOMBAT foi utilizado para estimar os componentes da variância. Três modelos foram aplicados; um modelo univariado (UM) para cada paridade separado até o sexto parto; um modelo de repetibilidade (RM) com todas as parições; e um modelo de regressão aleatória (ARM), tendo o número de partos como uma variável independente. Resultados: a média geral foi de 171 ± 93 dias. A tendência do valor médio para o DO em cada parto foi diminuindo desde o primeiro até o décimo parto com um desempenho sazonal em torno de 155 dias entre o quarto e oitavo parto. A herdabilidade estimada para DO pela UM foi variável com valores de 0,03 no primeiro parto e 0,06 no sexto. Essas variações não podem ser observadas com RM que estimou uma herdabilidade de 0,06. Os valores de 0,05 no primeiro parto até 0,07 no décimo foram estimados com ARM. As correlações genéticas entre DO para diferentes partos foram próximas da unidade. Conclusões: alterações da herdabilidade estimada para DO durante a vida produtiva de uma fêmea pode ser observado com ARM. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram baixas e não diferiram entre os resultados apresentados em outras raças de gado de corte.

Influencia de los cambios térmicos en la deflexión transversa de acrílicos para la base de dentaduras con y sin insertos metálicos / Influence exerted by thermal changes in the transverse deflection of acrylic materials used for denture bases, with and without metallic inserts

El propósito de este estudio in vitro fue determinar si los cambios térmicos influyen en la deflexión transversa de dos diferentes marcas de acrílico para la base de dentaduras con y sin insertos metálicos, después de ser sometidos a un periodo de termociclado con cambios de temperatura. Se elaboraron 40 muestras de acrílico de acuerdo con la especificación no. 12 de la ADA; y se conformaron cuatro grupos, dos de Lucitone 199 y dos de ProBase Hot. Los resultados se sometieron al análisis estadístico ANOVA de una vía y comparación de grupos Tukey con un valor de p < .001. Conclusión: Ambos acrílicos para la base de dentadura cumplen con las especificaciones de la norma no. 12 de la ADA. Los insertos metálicos permiten disminuir la deflexión de los acrílicos y los cambios térmicos afectan de manera considerable las propiedades físicas.

The aim of the present in vitro study was to determine whether thermal changes influence the transverse deflection of two different brands of acrylic used for denture bases, with and without metallic inserts, after having been subjected to a thermo-cycling period with temperature changes. 40 acrylic samples were processed according to ADA's specification number 12. Four groups were made up, two with Lucitone 199 and two with ProBase Hot. Results were subjected to one-way ANOVA statistical analysis and comparison of Turkey groups with a value of (p > .001). Conclusion: Both acrylic materials used for denture bases fulfill specifications of ADA's norm number 12. Metallic inserts allowed the decrease of the acrylic deflection and thermal changes considerably affected physical characteristics.

La ganadería orgánica: una alternativa de desarrollo pecuario para algunas regiones de México: una revisión / Organic livestock: an alternative of cattle development for some regions of Mexico: a review

En los últimos años se ha incrementado el interés por la aplicación de sistemas de producción animal sostenibles, de los que se espera proporcionen una relación equilibrada entre factores medioambientales, socioculturales y económicos. En relación con la protección del medio ambiente, los estándares básicos para la ganadería orgánica se enfocan a una reducción de la contaminación y disminución de la pérdida de nutrientes. Con referencia a la salud de los animales, los estudios comparativos no han reportado diferencias fundamentales entre los sistemas de producción orgánicos y convencionales. En lo concerniente al bienestar animal, las granjas de tipo orgánico, con base en los estándares y regulaciones oficiales, proporcionan a los animales condiciones de vida especiales. Existe poca evidencia que indique un efecto importante del sistema o método de producción sobre la calidad de los productos orgánicos. En México, la agricultura orgánica se está integrando por parte de pequeños productores, principalmente a través de la participación y promoción de organizaciones no gubernamentales. Sin embargo, la superficie utilizada para la ganadería bajo dicho sistema de producción es muy limitada, sobre todo si se considera el potencial existente, como son las superficies con pastos naturales en las distintas regiones agroecológicas del territorio nacional.

[Laser therapy in orthognatic surgery]. / Láserterapia en cirugía ortognática.

This study describes the prevalence of patients with dentofacial deformities attended in the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI of the IMSS, during January to December 2002. Twenty-six patients received postoperative laser therapy in the right area of the mandible ramus, after bilateral sagittal modified osteotomy (BSMKSO). The results with laser therapy showed less pain and edema in comparison other patients without this therapy. The results were carried out after 24 hours, 3 days, 8 days and 15 days, and after 10 treatments of laser therapy. The X-Ray and biopsy showed bone healing 30 days, six and eight weeks after orthognatic surgery procedures.

Láserterapia en cirugía ortognática / Laser Therapy in Orthognatic Surgery

Se describen losresultados de un estudio clínico observacional sobre laserterapia en la fase postoperatoria de 26 pacientes sometidos a reducción de prognatismo mandibular con osteotomía sagital bilateral de rama ascendente (OSBMKS). Todos los procedimientos de cirugía ortognática fueron realizados de enero a diciembre de 2002, en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del CMN SXXI del IMSS aplicando en el lado derecho de la región intervenida hasta 10 sesiones de láser diódico, siendo el izquierdo el lado control, observando mejoría en disminución del dolor y del cuadro inflamatorio agudo en relación a los pacientes a quienes no se aplicó esta terapia. Se evaluaron los resultados con medición clínica del edema postoperatorio a las 24 horas, 72 horas, 8 días, 15 días y se verificaron los cambios histológicos y radiográficos ocurridos en el proceso de cicatrización ósea a los 30 días, 6 y 8 semanas posterior a la cirugía ortognática.

This study describes the prevalence of patients with dentofacial deformities attended in the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI of the IMSS, during January to December 2002. Twenty-six patients received postoperative laser therapy in the right area of the mandible ramus, after bilateral sagittal modified osteotomy (BSMKSO). The results with laser therapy showed less pain and edema in comparison other patients without this therapy. The results were carried out after 24 hours, 3 days, 8 days and 15 days, and after 10 treatments of laser therapy. The X-Ray and biopsy showed bone healing 30 days, six and eight weeks after orthognatic surgery procedures.

Factores que inciden en el funcionamiento del subsistema de información de morbilidad de enfermedades de notificación obligatoria a nivel de tres SILAIS de Managua, 1993

El estudio se realizó en la Ciudad de Managua a nivel de Unidades de Salud de los tres SILAIS (Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral de Salud), Unidades de Salud conocidos como Puestos, Centros y Hospitales. Se analizan algunos aspectos importantes en el proceso del subsistema de información de las enfermedades de notificación obligatoria (ENO). Para ello se hizo uso de encuestas dirigidas a los actores relevantes que intervienen en el subsistema de información. Se identificaron factores, como la escolaridad, el cargo, la antiguedad en el cargp, el conocimiento de las normas, el manejo de análisis de información, la tecnología y la metodología para el procesamiento de los datos (Programa Computarizado EPIINFO). Concluye afirmando que existe una cantidad importantede funcionarios con nivel universitario 40 por ciento y con postgrado 34 por ciento no conocen las normas. Indica que existe interes de crear formatos de producción de servicios para controlar actividades, se manejan formatos paralelos al de la ENO, pero no hay capacidad para el análisis de ella. Sugieren en lo organizativo y operativo del subsistema, trabajo en equipo y tecnificación del proceso de la información