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This study aimed to compare the occurrence and nuisance of adverse events following administration of each COVID-19 vaccine dose between two groups: individuals given three doses of mRNA vaccine (homologous group, 3 × mRNA, n = 252) and those given two doses of adenoviral vector vaccine further boosted with mRNA vaccine (heterologous group, 2 × AZ + 1 × mRNA, n = 205). Although the studied groups differed significantly in the frequency and number of side effects after the first and second vaccine dose, no relevant differences were seen following the booster administration. Arm pain and fatigue were the most common effects, regardless of the vaccination group and vaccine dose. In the homologous group, female sex, lower BMI, and no history of regular influenza vaccination were associated with a higher frequency of side effects of a booster dose. In the heterologous group, the history of COVID-19 was associated with an increased number of side effects seen after a booster. In both groups, the number of side effects related to the first and second dose correlated with the number observed after administration of a booster dose. Individuals receiving a homologous booster reported a higher nuisance of side effects than the heterologous group. It was similar to the level reported after the second dose in both groups. The use of pharmaceuticals to counteract the side effects was more frequent after a first dose in the 2 × AZ + 1 × mRNA group, but higher after second dose in individuals receiving the 3 × mRNA vaccination scheme. The frequency of pharmaceutical use after a booster dose was similar in both groups (approx. 60%). Paracetamol was most frequently chosen, regardless of the group and vaccine dose. In addition, the vast majority of participants (93%) declared to accept future doses of the COVID-19 vaccine if their administration would be recommended. This study provides an overview of the response to homologous and heterologous mRNA vaccine booster dose that may be valuable in shaping accurate and honest communication with vaccinated individuals, especially in those regions which are yet to pursue booster strategies.
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Adverse reactions after intravascular administration of iodine-based contrast media are well-known. Nevertheless the same type of contrast media is also used for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and systemic absorption of contrast media after mentioned procedure routinely occurs, not much is known about effects of widely used diatrizoates (Triombrast) on the hepato-pancreato-biliary system in case of cholelithiasis treatment. AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness and biosafety of diatrizoate contrast media in terms of complicated cholelithiasis healing using conventional and improved surgery treatment protocols based on set of biochemical markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paper presents materials of clinical observation and biochemical analysis of 122 patients have been diagnosed with gallstone disease complicated by choledocholithiasis and cholangitis and biliary pancreatitis. Biochemical liver tests before and after surgery treatment using conventional and improved protocols were determined. RESULTS: Biochemical manifestations of hepatocellular injury included exceeded activity of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and aminotrasferases as well as level of liver fatty acid-binding protein and bilirubin which were different between groups of patients with cholelithiasis who suffered from concomitant cholangitis and pancreatitis. Proposed management algorithm for patients with gallstone disease with concomitant cholangitis and pancreatitis links to get rid of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with contrast agent from the conventional surgery treatment protocols because its most obvious downside. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with gallstone diseases revealed significant biochemical changes that should be successfully resolved after surgery treatment without endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography with contrast media because its hepatotoxic effect.
Assuntos
Colangite , Coledocolitíase , Pancreatite , Doença Aguda , Coledocolitíase/complicações , Coledocolitíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Coledocolitíase/cirurgia , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/efeitos adversos , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Diatrizoato , Humanos , Pancreatite/etiologiaRESUMO
Agrochemicals can adversely affect biodiversity, environment and human health, and commonly occur in mixtures with poorly characterized toxic mechanisms and health hazards. Here, we evaluated the individual and mixture toxicities of Roundup and chlorpyrifos in environmentally relevant concentrations to zebrafish using molecular and biochemical indices. Studied pesticides alone and in combination caused depletion of total antioxidant capacity and cellular thiols, overproduction of ROS, accumulation of oxidative lesions and elevated DNA damage in zebrafish liver. Notably, low concentration of Roundup induced a hormesis-like effect by stimulating the protective cellular mechanisms. Chlorpyrifos showed stronger prooxidant effects than Roundup and additionally caused nitrosative and carbonyl stress in zebrafish. At the organismal level, studied pesticides and their mixtures induced hepato- and neurotoxicity. The effects of the studied pesticides on biomarkers of apoptosis, endocrine disruption and immune disorders were generally weak and inconsistent. The multibiomarker assessment showed that chlorpyrifos is considerably more toxic than Roundup to zebrafish. The toxic effects of the pesticide mixtures were mostly driven by chlorpyrifos, with minimal or mitigating effects of Roundup addition. These findings elucidate the toxic mechanisms of common pesticides in a model vertebrate and demonstrate that health hazards of pesticide mixtures cannot be predicted from the effects of single pesticides.
Assuntos
Clorpirifos , Praguicidas , Animais , Antioxidantes , Biomarcadores , Clorpirifos/toxicidade , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Peixe-Zebra/genéticaRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver with a very poor prognosis and constantly growing incidence. Among other primary risks of HCC, metabolic disorders and obesity have been extensively investigated over recent decades. The latter can promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) leading to the inflammatory form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), that, in turn, promotes HCC. Molecular determinants of this pathogenic progression, however, remain largely undefined. In this study, we have focussed on the investigation of α-dicarbonyl compounds (α-dC), highly reactive and tightly associated with overweight-induced metabolic disorders, and studied their potential role in NAFLD and progression toward HCC using murine models. NAFLD was induced using high-fat diet (HFD). Autochthonous HCC was induced using transposon-based stable intrahepatic overexpression of oncogenic NRASG12V in mice lacking p19Arf tumor suppressor. Our study demonstrates that the HFD regimen and HCC resulted in strong upregulation of α-dC in the liver, heart, and muscles. In addition, an increase in α-dC was confirmed in sera of NAFLD and NASH patients. Furthermore, higher expression of the receptor for advanced glycation products (RAGE) was detected exclusively on immune cells and not on stroma cells in livers of mice with liver cancer progression. Our work confirms astable interplay of liver inflammation, carbonyl stress mediated by α-dC, and upregulated RAGE expression on CD8+ Tand natural killer (NK) cells in situ in NAFLD and HCC, as key factors/determinants in liver disease progression. The obtained findings underline the role of α-dC and RAGE+CD8+ Tand RAGE+ NK cells as biomarkers and candidates for a local therapeutic intervention in NAFLD and malignant liver disease.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Progressão da Doença , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Humanos , Camundongos , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/genéticaRESUMO
Gastropod mollusks have achieved an eminent importance as biological indicators of environmental quality. In the present study, we applied a multibiomarker approach to evaluate its applicability for the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, exposed to common industrial and agricultural pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations. The snails were exposed to copper (Cu2+, 10 µg L-1), zinc (Zn2+, 130 µg L-1), cadmium (Cd2+, 15 µg L-1), or the thiocarbamate fungicide "Tattoo" (91 µg L-1) during 14 days. Metal treatment and exposure to "Tattoo" caused variable patterns of increase or decrease of metal levels in the digestive gland, with a clear accumulation of only Cd and Zn after respective metal exposure. Treatment with Cu and "Tattoo" caused an increase of cytochrome P450-related EROD activity. Glutathione S-transferase was inhibited by exposure to Cu, Zn, and "Tattoo." Treatment with the "Tattoo" led to an inhibition of cholinesterase activity, whereas Cu and Cd increased its activity. Caspase-3 activity was enhanced by up to 3.3 times in all treatments. A nearly uniform inhibitory effect for oxidative stress response parameters was observed in all kinds of exposure, revealing an inhibition of superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity, a depression of glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and of protein carbonyl levels. Pollutant-specific effects were observed for the catalase activity, superoxide anion production, and lipid peroxidation levels. Due to the high response sensitivity of Lymnaea stagnalis to chemical impacts, we suggest our study as a contribution for biomarker studies with this species under field conditions.
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Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Lymnaea/efeitos dos fármacos , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiocarbamatos/toxicidade , Oligoelementos/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Fungicidas Industriais/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lymnaea/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Lagoas/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Tiocarbamatos/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Ucrânia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismoRESUMO
Marine benthic invertebrates are frequently exposed to fluctuating oxygen levels resulting in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) stress in the intertidal, estuarine and shallow coastal habitats. H/R stress can strongly affect the organisms' physiological performance due to the negative shifts in bioenergetics and redox balance. H/R stress commonly leads to the depletion of energy substrates and accumulation of anaerobic end products, but the effects of H/R stress on the homeostasis of the intermediate nitrogenous compounds are not well understood. We studied the effects of the short-term and long-term hypoxia (1 and 6 days, respectively) and subsequent reoxygenation on the metabolite profiles of free amino acids (FAAs), as well as the intermediates of the urea cycle and purine metabolism in two species of hypoxia-tolerant intertidal bivalves, the blue mussels Mytilus edulis and the Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. Accumulation of succinate was assessed to determine the role of anaerobiosis in the metabolic responses to H/R stress. Our study showed that the more hypoxia-tolerant of the two studied species (C. gigas) had lower rate of succinate accumulation during hypoxia (indicating stronger metabolic rate suppression) and was better able to maintain the homeostasis of nitrogenous intermediates during H/R stress compared with the less hypoxia-tolerant M. edulis. Furthermore, analysis of the metabolite profiles indicate that the oysters maintain high levels of cytoprotective compounds (such as taurine and GABA), accumulate lower levels of potential prooxidants (such as succinate and hypoxanthine) and experience less damage to oxidation-prone thiol-containing amino acids such as cysteine, homocysteine and methionine during hypoxia and reoxygenation compared with the blue mussels. This study indicates a potentially important role of intermediate metabolite homeostasis in the tolerance to prolonged hypoxia and H/R stress in marine organisms and opens avenue for further testing of this hypothesis in a broader comparative framework.
Assuntos
Crassostrea/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Homeostase , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mytilus edulis/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Aerobiose , Aminoácidos/química , Animais , Hipoxantina/metabolismo , Ácido Succínico/metabolismo , Taurina/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMO
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are the environmental pollutants of growing concern. The aim of this study was to indicate the effects of typical PPCPs on the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus. We treated male frogs with waterborne ibuprofen (IBU, 250ng·L-1), triclosan (TCS, 500ng·L-1), or estrone (E1, 100ng·L-1) for 14days. Common vulnerability of the frogs was detected from dramatic decrease of Zn, total and metalated metallothionein (MT) concentrations, Zn/Cu ratio, the elevation of activity of glutathione-S-transferase, cathepsin D and DNA instability in the liver, the depletion of cholinesterase in the brain and cortisol in the blood plasma in all exposures. Nevertheless, lipofuscin concentration in the liver was always decreased. The groups were best distinguished by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity determined by ELISA. The exposure to IBU caused lesser damage, but elevated the levels of oxyradicals and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and lysosomal membrane instability. Exposures to TCS and E1 provoked the endocrine disturbance (increased levels of vitellogenin and thyrotropin in blood plasma), decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased level of pyruvate in the liver. TCS caused the increase of GSSG by 7.3 times and lactate levels. Only E1 lead to decrease of deiodinase activity in the liver, activation of CYP450 and caspase-3 and efflux of cathepsin D from lysosomes. Spectrophotometric and ELISA assays of MTs and CYP450 gave distinct results in E1-group. Broad disruption of the hormonal pathways caused by E1 could be of concern for the health status of frogs in their habitats.
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Estrona/toxicidade , Ibuprofeno/toxicidade , Ranidae/fisiologia , Triclosan/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/toxicidade , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/toxicidade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estrogênios/toxicidade , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Global climate change (GCC) can negatively affect freshwater ecosystems. However, the degree to which freshwater populations can acclimate to long-term warming and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We used the cooling water discharge (CWD) area of a power plant as a model for long-term warming. Survival and molecular stress responses (expression of molecular chaperones, antioxidants, bioenergetic and protein synthesis biomarkers) to experimental warming (20-41 °C, +1.5 °C per day) were assessed in invasive clams Corbicula fluminea from two pristine populations and a CWD population. CWD clams had considerably higher (by ~8-12 °C) lethal temperature thresholds than clams from the pristine areas. High thermal tolerance of CWD clams was associated with overexpression of heat shock proteins HSP70, HSP90 and HSP60 and activation of protein synthesis at 38 °C. Heat shock response was prioritized over the oxidative stress response resulting in accumulation of oxidative lesions and ubiquitinated proteins during heat stress in CWD clams. Future studies should determine whether the increase in thermal tolerance in CWD clams are due to genetic adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity. Overall, our findings indicate that C. fluminea has potential to survive and increase its invasive range during warming such as expected during GCC.
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Aclimatação , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Mudança Climática , Corbicula/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Chaperonina 60/metabolismo , Água Doce , Glutationa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Chaperonas Moleculares , Fenótipo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Temperatura , Poluentes Químicos da ÁguaRESUMO
Estuarine organisms including mollusks are exposed to periodic oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) that leads to a decrease in intracellular pH and accumulation of bicarbonate (HCO3(-)). These changes can affect cellular bioenergetics; however, their effects on mitochondria of estuarine mollusks are not well understood. We determined the interactive effects of bicarbonate (0-10mM) and pH (7.2 and 6.5) on mitochondrial oxygen consumption (MO2), membrane potential (Δψ) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in two common estuarine bivalves - hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria, and bay scallops Argopecten irradians. In both species, elevated HCO3(-) levels suppressed ADP-stimulated (state 3) MO2 but had little effect on the resting (state 4) respiration. These effects were not mediated by the soluble adenylyl cyclase or cyclic AMP. Effects of the low pH (6.5) on mitochondrial traits were species-specific and depended on the substrate oxidized by the mitochondria. Mild acidosis (pH6.5) had minimal effects on MO2 and Δψ of the bivalve mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate but led to increased rates of ROS production in clams (ROS production could not be measured in scallops). In succinate-respiring mitochondria of clams, mild acidosis suppressed MO2 and increased mitochondrial coupling, while in scallop mitochondria the effects of low pH were opposite. Suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by bicarbonate and/or acidosis may contribute to the metabolic rate depression during shell closure or environmental hypoxia/hypercapnia. These findings have implications for understanding the physiological mechanisms involved in regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics during hypoxia exposure in estuarine bivalves.
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Bicarbonatos/farmacologia , Mercenaria/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Pectinidae/metabolismo , Adenilil Ciclases/metabolismo , Animais , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Estuários , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Mercenaria/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Pectinidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to appreciate the consequences of spontaneous human activity for freshwater mollusks in the generally ecologically sustainable area in Western Ukraine. For this, bivalve mollusk, Anodonta cygnea, at three sites, with mixed agricultural and municipal activities (A), close to a municipal water inlet (F) and the cooling pond of a nuclear power plant (N), were studied in spring, summer, and autumn. The set of parameters included the characteristics of oxidative stress (activity of catalase (CAT), levels of protein carbonyls (PC)), levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG, respectively), activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LD), cholinesterase (ChE), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the digestive gland, and concentrations of vitellogenin-like proteins (Vtg-LP) in gonads and also morphological indices. Although the discriminant functional analysis confirmed the general seasonal regularities for studied groups, it allowed to discriminate between sites (P < 0.05). At site A, oxidative stress; high levels of LD, EROD, and GST; and low levels of ChE and condition factor were reflected. This demonstrated the sensitivity of mussels to constant effect of mixed pollution. At site N, oxidative injury was shown that might be explained by the constantly high temperature. At site F, abrupt elevations of Vtg-LP and EROD levels in autumn were probably related to an emergency situation on the nearby dump. So, both chronic and temporal environmental effects were reflected by a set of markers in mollusk. The classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm selected GSH and PC in the digestive gland and Vtg-LP as partitioning criteria for the characterization of mussel health status. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Assuntos
Anodonta/fisiologia , Biomarcadores/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/farmacologia , Algoritmos , Animais , Anodonta/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Água Doce , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Centrais Nucleares , Estresse Oxidativo , Estações do Ano , Temperatura , Ucrânia , Vitelogeninas/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da ÁguaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate population-related peculiarities of the adaptive responses of Carassius auratus gibelio. In order to do this, male specimens from polluted (B) and clean (Z) sites were exposed to commercial pesticides thiocarbamate Tatoo (9.1 µg·L(-1)and 91 µg·L(-1)) or tetrazine Apollo (2 µg·L(-1) and 10 µg·L(-1)) during fourteen days. The control fish from site B was distinguished by weakness of antioxidant defence (measured from superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, redox index of glutathione (GSH), superoxide anion (O(2)) and lipid peroxidation levels), imbalance of the concentrations of protein metallothionein (MT-SH) and MT-related metals (MT-Me) and neurotoxicity. Differences in glutathione-S-transferase activity in the liver and vitellogenin-like proteins in the serum were also showed between B and Z control groups. Common effects of pesticides were related to a decrease in GSH, an increase in O(2) production, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and hepatosomatic index. Apollo provoked particular elevation of MT-SH/MT-Me ratio. Population-related difference in the response was the activation of antioxidant defence in fish from site B and its inhibition in fish from site Z. The genotoxic effect of exposures was more expressed in fish from site B. Principal component analysis combine all exposed groups from site Z and control group from site B in one set, and separated each exposed group from site B. The main distinguishing index of each population selected by classification and regression tree analysis was MT-SH.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Carpa Dourada/metabolismo , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cádmio/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Cobre/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Brânquias/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Carpa Dourada/genética , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Análise de Componente Principal , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda/métodos , Vitelogeninas/sangue , Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pro-oxidants copper (Cu(2+), 0.005 and 0.050mg L(-1)) or manganese (Mn(2+), 0.17 and 1.7mg L(-1)) on Carassius auratus gibelio from polluted (B) and unpolluted (Z) sites after exposure for fourteen days. Fish from site B showed high levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS concentration), lower levels of metallothionein (MT)-related metal, total glutathione (GSH), its redox index, superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn- and Mn-SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities and also higher MT-related thiol concentration in the liver and gills. A common effect of exposure was related to genotoxicity, a decrease in GSH and an increase in microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity in the liver. However, the systems of oxidative stress and biotransformation were more efficient in fish from the polluted site, while the responsivity of MTs in this fish was impaired. Principle Component Analysis separated the subgroups from the unpolluted site and fish loaded by lesser concentrations of metals on the one side, and fish from the polluted site jointly with fish exposed to higher concentrations of metals on the other side. The main distinguishing indices of sites and exposures selected by classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were MT characteristics and genotoxicity.
Assuntos
Cobre/toxicidade , Carpa Dourada/fisiologia , Manganês/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Cobre/farmacocinética , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Exposição Ambiental , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Manganês/farmacocinética , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Estresse Oxidativo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/toxicidade , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of the comparatively tolerant fish Carassius carassius over three seasons in an area characterized by spontaneous human activities. Sites near the springs of a river (site Z) and downstream of a river (site B) in Western Ukraine were selected. According to the centroid grouping analysis, the biochemical and morphological indices allowed the fish to be distinguished according to season more than to site. The level of nuclear abnormalities was low in fish from both sites. However C. carassius inhabiting site B showed a lower metal-binding capacity of MTs in relation to fish from site Z. This was combined with high levels of MT protein (particularly in the liver), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and redox state of GSH (particularly in the gills), which might confer some advantages to fish inhabiting this site. The levels of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione-S-transferase, cholinesterase and vitellogenin-like proteins indicated significant but intermittent inter-site differences. In summer, oxidative damage due to a high level of lipid peroxidation, and low superoxide dismutase and catalase activities was observed in fish from site B, and in autumn, it was observed in the gills of fish from site Z. The relationship between MT protein levels and antioxidant defense and the lack of a positive relationship between MT levels and their metal-binding capacity was confirmed by principal component analysis.
Assuntos
Carpas/metabolismo , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Metais/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Carpas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Brânquias/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ucrânia , Vitelogeninas/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of biomarkers of stress and exposure in the bivalve mollusk Anodonta cygnea to spontaneous anthropogenic activities typical for the Western Ukraine. Three sites were examined during spring, summer and autumn: an agricultural site (A); the cooling pond of nuclear power plant (N) and a forestry close to the municipal water inlet (F). Common temporal changes of a battery of biochemical markers in the gills and hemolymph and morphological characteristics were shown by discriminant functional analysis. Classification trees built on the basis of the screened biomarkers demonstrated persistent peculiarities at each site: genotoxicity (nuclear abnormalities) at site A and endocrine disruption (high levels of vitellogenin-like proteins (Vtg-LP) in hemolymph) at site F. Interim local effects were best characterized by metallothionein (MT) concentrations, lipid peroxidation (LPO), activities of glutathione S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase, and the conditional index of the gills. In autumn, the mollusks from the three sites revealed the highest differences in pollution status: the activation of antioxidant defense and cholinesterase were typical for site A, highest levels of MT related to high levels of Cu and Cd in the water at site B, and a steep increase in the level of Vtg-LP and the decrease of lysosomal membrane stability were recorded at the site selected as reference (F). The biomarker alterations recorded at site F were later related to an emergency event at the municipal dump located nearby. Thus, our case study demonstrated the reliability of using biomarkers of exposure to assess both long-term and accidental environmental pollution loads.
Assuntos
Anodonta/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Poluentes da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Anodonta/metabolismo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Água Doce/química , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo , Estações do Ano , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Ucrânia , Poluentes da Água/análiseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare environmental quality in two sites of the river in Western Ukraine, rural (R) and industrial (I) during three seasons via a set of biochemical markers in carp Cyprinus carpio L. Upon comparing the values of the I-site with those of the R-site, we found that Mn- and Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities decreased and O(.) production increased; metallothionein (MT) and glutathione levels increased in most cases, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity decreased in summer. This confirms our hypothesis about continuous environmental press at the I-site. The higher activity of catalase and lipid peroxidation (TBARS), as well as the increased levels of vitellogenin-like proteins at the R-site, compare to the I-site in spring reflects the permitting effect of agricultural discharges. According to the results of PCA, the most sensitive biomarkers of pollution are MT, TBARS, and AChE in liver.