[Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate as a day case surgery: prospective evaluation of the first 30 patients]. / Énucléation de la prostate au laser Holmium en chirurgie ambulatoire : évaluation prospective des 30 premiers patients.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) as a day case surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational prospective study including 30 consecutive patients after exclusion of unstable diseases and anticoagulant therapy. Patients were discharged before 8PM and the urinary catheter was removed at home the next morning. The monitoring included a phone call after 24hours and clinical evaluations after 1 and 3month follow-up. Clinical data were prospectively collected and complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 63.8, prostate volume was 75.3cc, maximum urinary flow rate was 9.5mL/s, and IPSS was 22.9. The conversion rate to conventional hospitalization was 3.3%. After 3months follow-up, readmission and reoperation rates were respectively 16.6% and 3.3%. The overall complication rate was 66% (Clavien I=57.7%, II=38.5%, III=3.8%). The satisfaction rate was 100% (score=9.2/10). The mean prostate volume at 3months follow-up was 23.3cc, maximum urinary flow was 25.6mL/s, and IPSS was 4.7. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the feasibility of HoLEP as a day case surgery for selected patients. Conversion rate to conventional hospitalization and complications of grade >2 were less than 5% while the satisfaction rate was high. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

Identification of several types of periodicities in the collagens and their simulation.

The collagens constitute an important population of proteins providing the structural support in vertebrate tissues A collagen is mainly based on a series of tripeptides of the type GX1X2 (G = Glycine, X1 and X2 being any residues). The nine amino acids occurring with significant frequencies in the X1 and X2 residue sites and G form the reduced protein alphabet Q = [A,D,E,G,K,L,P,Q,R,S] (A = Alanine, D = Aspartic acid, E = Glutamic acid, K = Lysine, L = Leucine, P = Proline, Q = Glutamine, R = Arginine, S = Serine). Surprisingly, the method based on the autocorrelation function w(X)iw' analysing the probability that an amino acid w' in Q occurs any i residues X after an amino acid w in Q (called i-motif w(X)iw'), identifies six types of modulo 3 periodicities in collagens: three basic types 0, 1 and 2 modulo 3 and three combined types 0,1, 0,2 and 1,2 modulo 3. Furthermore, the classification of these 100 i-motifs according to the types of periodicities shows several strong relations between four sub-sets of Q [G], [A,D,P,S], [E,L] and [K,Q,R]. Then, these relations allow the construction of a simple automaton for the generation of model collagen sequences. Indeed, this automaton can simulate the six types of periodicities and it retrieves the types of periodicities for almost all i-motifs. Finally, the autocorrelation function based on the sub-set [K,Q,R] identifies segments of 18 amino acids in collagens which may correspond to the exons (segments of genes of 54 nucleotides) coding for those collagens.

Stimulation of shoot regeneration from cotyledons of Helianthus annuus by the ethylene inhibitors, silver and cobalt.

The effects of CoCl2, AgNO3 and ethylene released by exogenous 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethephon), were studied on shoot regeneration from cotyledons of Helianthus annuus cv. E8206R, a poorly regenerative cultivar. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by CoCl2, at concentrations of 20 µK, provoked a substantial enhancement of shoot regeneration (30 %): the control was poorly regenerative. However, CoCl2 had no effect when Ethephon was supplied. Inhibition of ethylene action by AgNO3, at concentrations of 10-25 µM, caused a significant increase in plant regeneration: 25 % instead of 1.2 % in the control. Furthermore, addition of Ethephon to AgNO3-treated tissues failed to reduce the stimulation of shoot regeneration caused by AgNO3. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that ethylene inhibits the regeneration process from cotyledons of sunflower.

Stimulation ofDaucus carota somatic embryogenesis by inhibitors of ethylene synthesis: cobalt and nickel.

The effects of Co(2+) and Ni(2+) on ethylene production and somatic embryogenesis by carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell cultures were studied. At concentrations of 10 µM to 50 µM, CoCl2 effectively inhibited ethylene production by embryogenic cultures and significantly stimulated somatic embryogenesis. The observed increase of embryo number was proportional to the inhibition level of ethylene production. However, CoCl2 had no effect when Ethephon was supplied. Nickel also reduced ethylene production, but to a slightly lesser extent than CoCl2, bringing about a lower increase in the number of somatic embryos. The role of ethylene on somatic embryogenesis is discussed.