RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Closure of traumatic macular hole (TMH) can be achieved spontaneously or by surgical intervention. Thus far, there exist no prospective comparative studies that have analyzed the difference between the two modalities. This study aimed to compare the anatomical and visual recovery of eyes with TMH following either an immediate vitrectomy or six-month observation. METHODS: This was a multicenter prospective comparative study. Eight centers participated in the study. Patient data from 40 eyes with a recent history of blunt ocular trauma and newly formed full-thickness TMH were recruited in this study. The participating patients selected between an early vitrectomy or a six-month observation after a doctor explained the potential benefits and risks of both strategies in an unbiased manner. Twenty-five patients underwent an immediate vitrectomy, and 15 patients received six-month observation. Patients were assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: Closure rates were 66.7% for the observational group, and 100% for the surgical group (P=0.002). There were no vision-threatening ocular complications in both groups. For the observational group, the mean closure time was 2.5±1.6 months, and 80% of the hole closure occurred within 3 months; cystic edema on the edge of the hole at baseline was significantly more frequent in the non-closed subgroup than in the closed subgroup (P=0.03). There were no significant differences in the foveal microstructure and in the final visual outcome between the spontaneously closed cases and the surgically closed cases. CONCLUSIONS: TMH had a moderately high incidence of spontaneous closure, but an immediate vitrectomy achieved an even higher closure rate. Vitrectomy was effective and safe to treat TMH, while a 3-month observation for spontaneous closure may be an alternative modality for TMH management. Cystic edema on the edge of the hole may be an unfavorable factor for the spontaneous closure of TMH.
RESUMO
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in inflammation, and glucocorticoids have been proven to be effective inhibitors of ICHinduced inflammation. However, the precise underlying mechanisms of ICHinduced inflammation and glucocorticoid function remain largely undefined. Using a mouse ICH model, the present study demonstrated that the short noncoding RNA molecule microRNA155 (miR155) is involved in the inflammatory process initiated by ICH in mice. Increased mRNA expression levels of miR155, as well as the proinflammatory cytokines interferonß (IFNß), tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) and interleukin6 (IL6), were observed in vivo following ICH. By contrast, the expression level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein was reduced in the ICH group compared with control mice. Similar results were observed in vitro using astrocytes, the primary effector cells in ICH. Compared with wild type astrocytes, astrocytes overexpressing miR155 exhibited significant inhibition of SOCS1 protein expression levels. These results suggest that miR155 contributes to the development of ICHinduced inflammation in mice by downregulating SOCS1 protein expression levels and promoting proinflammatory cytokine (IFNß, TNFα and IL6) production. Expression levels of miR155 and proinflammatory cytokines in the ICH group were significantly decreased following dexamethasone administration. This suggests that glucocorticoids attenuate ICHinduced inflammation by targeting the miR155/SOCS1 signaling pathway in mice. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that the miR155/SOCS1 signaling pathway is required for ICHinduced inflammation, and glucocorticoids inhibit this process by targeting the miR155/SOCS1 signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia Cerebral/complicações , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia Cerebral/imunologia , Hemorragia Cerebral/metabolismo , Inflamação/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 1 Supressora da Sinalização de Citocina/imunologiaRESUMO
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is an uncommon complication associated with a macular hole. In this case report of a rare condition, we present a pathologic myopia patient with a co-existent macular hole and choroidal neovascular membrane. The patient was treated with photodynamic therapy for CNV, and then vitreous surgery for the retinal detachment and macular hole. At the end of 4 years follow-up, her visual acuity was improved to 0.1 while the macular hole remained open. Optical coherence tomography is a useful inspection method of the diagnosis of CNV and macular hole.
RESUMO
Adenomas of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE) are often clinically indistinguishable from amelanotic malignant melanomas of the ciliary body or metastatic carcinomas. This paper reports a case study of a distinctive variant of adenoma of the NPCE, which clinically appears as epiretinal membrane in the macular region. Histopathologic studies have revealed this is an adenoma of the NPCE. Identification of this clinic feature is important because it will miss the diagnosis of the adenoma of the NPCE. In this case study, B-scan ultrasonography as well as computerized tomography (CT) has been used to provide help in diagnosing the ciliary body tumor. Because of their anterior location in the ciliary body, partial lamellar sclerouvectomy is an effective method of treatment.