RESUMO
The mammalian cyclin-dependent kinase subunit (Cks) family has two members, Cks1 and Cks2. Overexpression of Cks1 and Cks2 has been reported to be associated with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis in several malignancies, including prostate and hepatocellular carcinomas. However, whether Cks1 and Cks2 are overexpressed in esophageal carcinoma remains uncharacterized. To investigate whether overexpression of the Cks family is clinically relevant in esophageal carcinoma, and whether expression patterns of Cks1 and Cks2 can serve as biomarkers for esophageal carcinoma. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analyses were applied to detect the expression of Cks1 and Cks2 at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The associations between Cks1 or Cks2 expressions and clinical features and p27(kip1) expressions in esophageal carcinoma were analyzed. Comparing with the adjacent noncancerous tissues, esophageal carcinoma exhibited elevated expression of Cks1 in 58% cases at the mRNA level and 54% cases at the protein level, and elevated expression of Cks2 in 65% cases at the mRNA level and 61% cases at the protein level, respectively. The expressions of both Cks1 and Cks2 were negatively associated with the p27(kip1) protein level in the tumor tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of Cks1 and Cks2 in esophageal carcinoma was closely associated with poor pathological features of esophageal carcinoma, including higher histologic grade of tumor, regional lymph nodes invasion, and neoplastic embolus. Overexpression of Cks1 and Cks2 is associated with the aggressive tumor behaviors of esophageal carcinoma. Further efforts are needed to determine whether overexpression of Cks1 and Cks2 can serve as novel biomarkers for esophageal carcinoma.
Assuntos
Quinases relacionadas a CDC2 e CDC28/genética , Carcinoma/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p27/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Quinases relacionadas a CDC2 e CDC28/metabolismo , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p27/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Lanzhou, Western China was studied. HCV genotypes in 20 patients with HCV infection was determined by genotype-specific primer for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on HCV core region and compared with the genotype assigned by sequence comparison and molecular evolutionary analysis based on the same region. Antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was present in 2.5% of volunteer blood donors and in 35.0% of paid blood donors (P < 0.01). HCV infection is uncommon in patients with liver disease who attended liver clinics in this locality; 4.0% with acute hepatitis and 4.0% with chronic hepatitis, 10.0% with liver cirrhosis, and none with hepatocellular carcinoma were seropositive for anti-HCV. Genotype 1b and 2a were both found to be prevalent. Together, they accounted for 19 of 20 (95%) patients with HCV infection. Sequencing of the HCV core region from two patients showed that the assignment of HCV genotype by genotype-specific primers for PCR matched well with the genotyping results based on sequence comparison and molecular evolutionary analysis. These data showed that HCV is present in Western China, HCV infection is more common in paid blood donors, and HCV genotypes 1b and 2a are both prevalent in Western China.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , China/epidemiologia , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/classificação , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/genética , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The effects of quaternary N-methylated nicotine derivatives were examined on in vitro uptake of [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) in rat striatal slices. Striatal slices were incubated with a 10 microM concentration of the following compounds: N-methylnicotinium, N-methylnornicotinium, N-methylcotininium, N,N'-dimethylnicotinium and N'-methylnicotinium salts. The results clearly indicated that significant (60%) inhibition of [3H]DA uptake occurred with those compounds possessing a N-methylpyridinium group; whereas, compounds that were methylated at the N'-pyrrolidinium position were less effective or exhibited no inhibition of [3H]DA uptake. The results suggest that high concentrations of quaternary N-methylated nicotine metabolites which are structurally related to the neurotoxin MPP+, and which may be formed in the CNS, may protect against Parkinson's Disease and explain the inverse relationship between smoking and Parkinsonism reported in epidemiologic studies.