Acoustic detection of a mutation-specific Ligase Chain Reaction based on liposome amplification.

Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) play a crucial role in understanding genetic diseases, cancer development, and personalized medicine. However, existing ligase-based amplification and detection techniques, such as Rolling Circle Amplification and Ligase Detection Reaction, suffer from low efficiency and difficulties in product detection. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach that combines Ligase Chain Reaction (LCR) with acoustic detection using highly dissipative liposomes. In our study, we are using LCR combined with biotin- and cholesterol-tagged primers to produce amplicons also modified at each end with a biotin and cholesterol molecule. We then apply the LCR mix without any purification directly on a neutravidin modified QCM device Au-surface, where the produced amplicons can bind specifically through the biotin end. To improve sensitivity, we finally introduce liposomes as signal enhancers. For demonstration, we used the detection of the BRAF V600E point mutation versus the wild-type allele, achieving an impressive detection limit of 220 aM of the mutant target in the presence of the same amount of the wild type. Finally, we combined the assay with a microfluidic fluidized bed DNA extraction technology, offering the potential for semi-automated detection of SNVs in patients' crude samples. Overall, our LCR/acoustic method outperforms other LCR-based approaches and surface ligation biosensing techniques in terms of detection efficiency and time. It effectively overcomes challenges related to DNA detection, making it applicable in diverse fields, including genetic disease and pathogen detection.

On-Chip Magnetic Extraction of Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Biological Samples.

In recent years, the analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) containing tumor-derived DNA has emerged as a noninvasive means for cancer monitoring and personalized medicine. However, the isolation of cfDNA from peripheral blood has remained a challenge due to the low abundance and high fragmentation of these molecules. Here, we present a dynamic Magnetic ExTRactiOn (METRO) protocol using microfluidic fluidized bed technology to isolate circulating cfDNA from raw biological materials such as undiluted serum. This protocol maximizes the surface area for DNA binding within the chip in order to capture short DNA fragments. It uses only a few µL of sample and reagents. The protocol can be automated, and it is fully compatible with sensitive DNA amplification methods such as droplet-based digital PCR (ddPCR).

High-throughput extraction on a dynamic solid phase for low-abundance biomarker isolation from biological samples.

Liquid biopsy, in particular circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, has paved the way for a new noninvasive approach to cancer diagnosis, treatment selection and follow-up. As a crucial step in the analysis, the extraction of the genetic material from a complex matrix needs to meet specific requirements such as high specificity and low loss of target. Here, we developed a new generation of microfluidic fluidized beds (FBs) that enable the efficient extraction and preconcentration of specific ctDNA sequences from human serum with flow rates up to 15 µL/min. We first demonstrated that implementation of a vibration system inducing flow rate fluctuations combined with a mixture of different bead sizes significantly enhanced bead homogeneity, thereby increasing capture efficiency. Taking advantage of this new generation of high-throughput magnetic FBs, we then developed a new method to selectively capture a double-stranded (dsDNA) BRAF mutated DNA sequence in complex matrices such as patient serum. Finally, as proof of concept, ligation chain reaction (LCR) assays were performed to specifically amplify a mutated BRAF sequence, allowing the detection of concentrations as low as 6 × 104 copies/µL of the mutated DNA sequence in serum.

Impact of Hypoxia over Human Viral Infections and Key Cellular Processes.

Oxygen is essential for aerobic cells, and thus its sensing is critical for the optimal maintenance of vital cellular and tissue processes such as metabolism, pH homeostasis, and angiogenesis, among others. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play central roles in oxygen sensing. Under hypoxic conditions, the α subunit of HIFs is stabilized and forms active heterodimers that translocate to the nucleus and regulate the expression of important sets of genes. This process, in turn, will induce several physiological changes intended to adapt to these new and adverse conditions. Over the last decades, numerous studies have reported a close relationship between viral infections and hypoxia. Interestingly, this relation is somewhat bidirectional, with some viruses inducing a hypoxic response to promote their replication, while others inhibit hypoxic cellular responses. Here, we review and discuss the cellular responses to hypoxia and discuss how HIFs can promote a wide range of physiological and transcriptional changes in the cell that modulate numerous human viral infections.

Crosstalk Between Epithelial Cells, Neurons and Immune Mediators in HSV-1 Skin Infection.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is highly prevalent in humans, with approximately two-thirds of the world population living with this virus. However, only a fraction of those carrying HSV-1, which elicits lifelong infections, are symptomatic. HSV-1 mainly causes lesions in the skin and mucosae but reaches the termini of sensory neurons innervating these tissues and travels in a retrograde manner to the neuron cell body where it establishes persistent infection and remains in a latent state until reactivated by different stimuli. When productive reactivations occur, the virus travels back along axons to the primary infection site, where new rounds of replication are initiated in the skin, in recurrent or secondary infections. During this process, new neuron infections occur. Noteworthy, the mechanisms underlying viral reactivations and the exit of latency are somewhat poorly understood and may be regulated by a crosstalk between the infected neurons and components of the immune system. Here, we review and discuss the immune responses that occur at the skin during primary and recurrent infections by HSV-1, as well as at the interphase of latently-infected neurons. Moreover, we discuss the implications of neuronal signals over the priming and migration of immune cells in the context of HSV-1 infection.

Manejo quirúrgico del paciente con hemofilia sometido a cirugía bucal: Reporte de un caso clínico / Surgical management of the patient with hemophilia undergoing oral surgery: A case report

Resumen Introducción: La hemofilia es una deficiencia congénita de un factor de la coagulación, la cual consta en un trastorno recesivo asociado al cromosoma X, generando disminución o ausencia de actividad funcional del factor. Objetivo: Presentar una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre pacientes hemofílicos, junto con un caso de manejo de un paciente con la condición. Metodología: Paciente de sexo femenino, 18 años, acude al postgrado de Cirugía y Traumatología bucomaxilofacial de la Universidad Andrés Bello de Santiago de Chile, derivada para realizar exodoncia de terceros molares debido al término de su mecánica ortodóntica. Al realizar la anamnesis próxima, la paciente relata padecer hemofilia A leve, y hace 6 meses presentó un 38% de factor VIII. Previo al tratamiento quirúrgico se solicitó un hemograma completo con examen de coagulación para medir el TTPA. Además, se realizó una interconsulta con el hematólogo tratante para evaluación de su patología y recomendaciones para efectuar la misma con la menor cantidad de riesgos intraquirúrgicos y postquirúrgicos, el cual sugirió la administración de factor VIII previo, y posterior al acto quirúrgico. Así mismo, se aplicaron medidas de hemostasia locales para mejor control y un correcto manejo analgésico postquirúrgico. Conclusión: La hemofilia, es un trastorno que requiere un minucioso manejo tanto pre, intra y postoperatorio de parte del odontólogo, donde los exámenes complementarios, comunicación con el hematólogo, procedimiento atraumático y un correcto manejo de la hemostasia, son fundamentales para el éxito del tratamiento.

Abstract Introduction: Hemophilia is a congenital deficiency of a coagulation factor, associated to a recessive pattern located in the X chromosome, which induces a lower or even absent functional activity of that factor. Objective: To provide a narrative review of the literature about haemophiliac patients, as well as a case report of a patient. Methods: Female patient, 18 years old, attended in the postgraduate of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Andrés Bello University to Santiago, Chile, derived to perform extractions of wisdom teeth due to the end of its orthodontic mechanics. At the anamnesis, the patient reports to suffer from mild hemophilia A, and 6 months ago she had 38% VIII factor. Prior to surgical treatment, a complete blood count with a coagulation test was requested to measure TTPA. In addition, an interconsultation was made with the treating hematologist to perform a correct management to assess of her pathology and recommendations to carry out it with the least amount of intrasurgical and post-surgical risks. Suggested the administration of factor of freeze-dried VIII factor before and after surgery. Local hemostasis measures were also applied for better control and proper post-surgical pain management. Conclusion: Hemophilia, requires the dentist to perform a thorough management pre, intra and postoperatory, in which complementary tests, communication with the hematologist, atraumatic procedure and a precise management of hemostasis, are key for the treatment's success.

Starch Films Added of Açaí Pulp ( Euterpe oleracea Martius)

ABSTRACT Edible films are an alternative to synthetic materials used for packaging foods. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize films made from cassava starch, freeze-dried acai and glycerol. The films were characterized for thickness, water vapor permeability, water solubility, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and mechanical properties. The results indicated a rich edible film in anthocyanins with considerable antioxidant capacity (150.70 micromol Trolox), which can extend the commercial validity of the packaged food and meets the growing demand for biodegradable packaging that tends to reduce the environmental impact. The addition results in a significant effect on the polymer matrix reducing the water solubility and water activity. The elongation test at rupture reported to be 17.738%, indicating that addition of pulp increased film flexibility.

Asprosin is a centrally acting orexigenic hormone.

Asprosin is a recently discovered fasting-induced hormone that promotes hepatic glucose production. Here we demonstrate that asprosin in the circulation crosses the blood-brain barrier and directly activates orexigenic AgRP+ neurons via a cAMP-dependent pathway. This signaling results in inhibition of downstream anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-positive neurons in a GABA-dependent manner, which then leads to appetite stimulation and a drive to accumulate adiposity and body weight. In humans, a genetic deficiency in asprosin causes a syndrome characterized by low appetite and extreme leanness; this is phenocopied by mice carrying similar mutations and can be fully rescued by asprosin. Furthermore, we found that obese humans and mice had pathologically elevated concentrations of circulating asprosin, and neutralization of asprosin in the blood with a monoclonal antibody reduced appetite and body weight in obese mice, in addition to improving their glycemic profile. Thus, in addition to performing a glucogenic function, asprosin is a centrally acting orexigenic hormone that is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of both obesity and diabetes.

Pharmacological Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Impairs Nuclear Accumulation of Herpes Simplex Virus Capsids upon Infection.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme that is expressed in response to physical and chemical stresses, such as ultraviolet radiation, hyperthermia, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as cytokines, among others. Its activity can be positively modulated by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) and negatively by tin protoporphirin (SnPP). Once induced, HO-1 degrades iron-containing heme into ferrous iron (Fe2+), carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin. Importantly, numerous products of HO-1 are cytoprotective with anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The products of HO-1 also display antiviral properties against several viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and Ebola virus. Here, we sought to assess the effect of modulating HO-1 activity over herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection in epithelial cells and neurons. There are no vaccines against HSV-2 and treatment options are scarce in the immunosuppressed, in which drug-resistant variants emerge. By using HSV strains that encode structural and non-structural forms of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), we found that pharmacological induction of HO-1 activity with CoPP significantly decreases virus plaque formation and the expression of virus-encoded genes in epithelial cells as determined by flow cytometry and western blot assays. CoPP treatment did not affect virus binding to the cell surface or entry into the cytoplasm, but rather downstream events in the virus infection cycle. Furthermore, we observed that treating cells with a CO-releasing molecule (CORM-2) recapitulated some of the anti-HSV effects elicited by CoPP. Taken together, these findings indicate that HO-1 activity interferes with the replication cycle of HSV and that its antiviral effects can be recapitulated by CO.

Solid supports for extraction and preconcentration of proteins and peptides in microfluidic devices: A review.

Determination of proteins and peptides is among the main challenges of today's bioanalytical chemistry. The application of microchip technology in this field is an exhaustively developed concept that aims to create integrated and fully automated analytical devices able to quantify or detect one or several proteins from a complex matrix. Selective extraction and preconcentration of targeted proteins and peptides especially from biological fluids is of the highest importance for a successful realization of these microsystems. Incorporation of solid structures or supports is a convenient solution employed to face these demands. This review presents a critical view on the latest achievements in sample processing techniques for protein determination using solid supports in microfluidics. The study covers the period from 2006 to 2015 and focuses mainly on the strategies based on microbeads, monolithic materials and membranes. Less common approaches are also briefly discussed. The reviewed literature suggests future trends which are discussed in the concluding remarks.

Microscope-assisted UV-initiated preparation of well-defined porous polymer monolithic plugs in glass microchips for peptide preconcentration.

Herein, highly defined monolithic beds were prepared in glass microchips by photopolymerization of ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP), acrylamide, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BAA) using an epifluorescence microscope as UV-irradiation source. Such a fast and easy method allowed precise control of (i) the edge shape, (ii) the location along the microchannel, and (iii) the length of the monolithic plugs within glass microchips. The addition of hydroquinone, a polymerization inhibitor, to the prepolymerization mixture was beneficial for achieving local and robust incorporation of monoliths with sharp edges within microchannels. The monolith length was easily tuned from 160 to 400 µm through simple change in the magnification of the objective and was found to be repeatable (relative standard deviation <7.5%). Further application for on-chip monolith-assisted solid - phase extraction is demonstrated for fluorescently labeled peptide. Both binding and subsequent elution behaviors were found to fully agree with a cation-exchange mechanism in concordance with the presence of phosphate groups at the monolith surface. Graphical abstract In-chip microscope-UV-synthesis of monolithic plugs with sharp edges.

Manejo quirúrgico del paciente con hemofilia sometido a cirugía bucal: Reporte de un caso clínico

Introducción: La hemofilia es una deficiencia congénita de un factor de la coagulación, la cual consta en un trastorno recesivo asociado al cromosoma X, generando disminución o ausencia de actividad funcional del factor. Objetivo: Presentar una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre pacientes hemofílicos, junto con un caso de manejo de un paciente con la condición. Metodología: Paciente de sexo femenino, 18 años, acude al postgrado de Cirugía y Traumatología bucomaxilofacial de la Universidad Andrés Bello de Santiago de Chile, derivada para realizar exodoncia de terceros molares debido al término de su mecánica ortodóntica. Al realizar la anamnesis próxima, la paciente relata padecer hemofilia A leve, y hace 6 meses presentó un 38% de factor VIII. Previo al tratamiento quirúrgico se solicitó un hemograma completo con examen de coagulación para medir el TTPA. Además, se realizó una interconsulta con el hematólogo tratante para evaluación de su patología y recomendaciones para efectuar la misma con la menor cantidad de riesgos intraquirúrgicos y postquirúrgicos, el cual sugirió la administración de factor VIII previo, y posterior al acto quirúrgico. Así mismo, se aplicaron medidas de hemostasia locales para mejor control y un correcto manejo analgésico postquirúrgico. Conclusión: La hemofilia, es un trastorno que requiere un minucioso manejo tanto pre, intra y postoperatorio de parte del odontólogo, donde los exámenes complementarios, comunicación con el hematólogo, procedimiento atraumático y un correcto manejo de la hemostasia, son fundamentales para el éxito del tratamiento.

Introduction: Hemophilia is a congenital deficiency of a coagulation factor, associated to a recessive pattern located in the X chromosome, which induces a lower or even absent functional activity of that factor. Objective: To provide a narrative review of the literature about haemophiliac patients, as well as a case report of a patient. Methods: Female patient, 18 years old, attended in the postgraduate of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Andrés Bello University to Santiago, Chile, derived to perform extractions of wisdom teeth due to the end of its orthodontic mechanics. At the anamnesis, the patient reports to suffer from mild hemophilia A, and 6 months ago she had 38% VIII factor. Prior to surgical treatment, a complete blood count with a coagulation test was requested to measure TTPA. In addition, an interconsultation was made with the treating hematologist to perform a correct management to assess of her pathology and recommendations to carry out it with the least amount of intrasurgical and post-surgical risks. Suggested the administration of factor of freeze-dried VIII factor before and after surgery. Local hemostasis measures were also applied for better control and proper post-surgical pain management. Conclusion: Hemophilia, requires the dentist to perform a thorough management pre, intra and postoperatory, in which complementary tests, communication with the hematologist, atraumatic procedure and a precise management of hemostasis, are key for the treatment's success.

A two-stage, single-arm, phase II study of EGCG-enriched green tea drink as a maintenance therapy in women with advanced stage ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVES: A two-stage, single-arm, phase II study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of an epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-enriched tea drink, the double-brewed green tea (DBGT), as a maintenance treatment in women with advanced stage serous or endometrioid ovarian cancer (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00721890). METHODS: Eligible women had FIGO stage III-IV serous or endometrioid ovarian cancer. They had to undergo complete response after debulking surgery followed by 6 to 8 cycles of platinum/taxane chemotherapy at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec. They all had to drink the DBGT, 500 mL daily until recurrence or during a follow-up of 18 months. The primary endpoint was the absence of recurrence at 18 months. Statistical analyses were done according to the principle of intention to treat. Using a two-stage design, the first stage consisted of 16 enrolled patients. At the end of the follow-up, if 7 or fewer patients were free of recurrence, the trial stopped. Otherwise, accrual would continue to a total of 46 patients. RESULTS: During the first stage of the study, only 5 of the 16 women remained free of recurrence 18 months after complete response. Accordingly, the clinical trial was terminated. Women's adherence to DBGT was high (median daily intake during intervention, 98.1%, interquartile range: 89.7-100%), but 6 women discontinued the intervention before the end of their follow-up. No severe toxicity was reported. CONCLUSIONS: DBGT supplementation does not appear to be a promising maintenance intervention in women with advanced stage ovarian cancer after standard treatment.

Impacto dos contraceptivos hormonais na densidade óssea: evidências atuais para contracepção na adolescência / Impact of hormonal contraceptives on bone density: current evidences for contraception in adolescence

Devido aos efeitos adversos dos contraceptivos hormonais, algumas mulheres são privadas de seus benefícios, que se estendem além da contracepção. Especialmente em adolescentes, é preocupante o impacto dos hormônios sobre o osso. Buscando reunir evidências nesse sentido, três revisores independentes fizeram buscas nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, Ibecs, Scielo e Cochrane, utilizando descritores relacionados à contracepção e densidade óssea. Foram critérios de inclusão: revisões sistemáticas e estudos com nível de evidência A e B. Foram excluídos estudos com contraceptivos utilizados para fins terapêuticos e não contraceptivos. Das 66 publicações encontradas, foram selecionados 15 estudos, e evidenciou-se que compostos com progesterona isolada de depósito e possivelmente os de baixa dose estrogênica têm impacto negativo na fase do pico de massa óssea. Contudo, o efeito esteve restrito à idade de iniciação e ao tempo de uso, havendo recuperação após interrupção da contracepção. Não há evidências de relação entre uso de contraceptivos e fraturas. O aconselhamento contraceptivo deve considerar o efeito negativo que a progesterona isolada de depósito e a baixa dose estrogênica podem ter sobre a massa óssea na adolescência, considerando que tal efeito é reversível e limitado ao tempo de uso

Due to the adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives, some women are deprived of the benefits they provide that extend beyond contraception. In adolescents, the main concern is the impact hormones can have on their bone structure. Three independent reviewers researched the databases Medline, Lilacs, Ibecs, Scielo and Cochrane, by using descriptions related to contraception and bone density. The inclusion criteria were: systematic reviews and studies with levels of evidence A and B. Contraceptives used for therapeutic purposes, other than contraception itself, were excluded from the study. Of the 66 publications found, 15 studies were selected. Compounds isolated from progesterone deposit, and possibly the low-dose estrogen, have a negative impact on the stage the bone mass peaks, but the effect was restricted to the age of initiation and the time of use, with recovery after discontinuation of contraception. There is no evidence of a relationship between the use of contraceptives and bone fractures. The negative effects that the deposit of progesterone and low-dose estrogen may have on bone mass should be taken into account when adolescents engage in the use of contraceptives ? bearing in mind that said effects are reversible and limited to the time of use

Transtornos mentais comuns entre trabalhadores da zona urbana de Feira de Santana-BA / Common mental disorders among workers in the urban area of Feira de Santana: Bahia-Brazil

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMCs) em trabalhadores de Feira de Santana/BA, avaliando a ocorrência desses transtornos segundo diferentes aspectos da vida: características sociodemográficas, do trabalho profissional (incluindo aspectos psicossociais) e atividades de lazer. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, de caráter exploratório, com amostra aleatória de trabalhadores de Feira de Santana. Um questionário estruturado com questões sobre características sociodemográficas, trabalho profissional (incluindo aspectos psicossociais) e atividades de lazer foi utilizado. Os TMCs foram avaliados pelo SRQ-20 em 2002. Para análise de associação entre TMC e as variáveis de interesse, foram conduzidas análise bivariada e análise de regressão logística. Resultados: Foram estudados 1.311 trabalhadores. A prevalência global de TMC foi 25,2%. As variáveis estatisticamente associadas à TMC, no modelo final de análise, foram: sexo feminino (RP=3,04; 2,34-3,95), baixa escolaridade (RP=2,02; 1,57-2,60), renda mensal baixa (RP=1,78 1,12-2,84), ausência de atividades de lazer (RP=1,35; 1,10- 1,66) e trabalho de alta demanda psicológica (RP=1,45; 1,14-1,84). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se associação entre TMC e características sociodemográficas e do trabalho. Atenção especial deve ser dada a essas características para a promoção da saúde mental entre trabalhadores.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among workers in Feira de Santana city, Bahia, Brazil, according to sociodemographic characteristics, occupation, work psychosocial aspects, and leisure activities. Methods: Exploratory cross sectional study, with random sampling of workers ofFeira de Santana. A structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, professional work, psychosocial aspects at work, and leisure activities have been used in 2002. CMD was evaluated by using the SRQ-20. Logistic regression techniques were used to analyze the association between CMD and the variablesof interest. Results: 1.311 workers have been studied and the prevalence of CMD was 25.2%. The characteristics statistically associated to CMD, in the final model of analysis, were: female (PR=3.04; 2.34-3.95), low education level (PR=2.02; 1.57-2.60), low monthly income (PR=1.78; 1.12-2.84), absence of leisure activities (PR=1.35; 1.10-1.66), and work with high psychological demand (PR=1.45; 1.14-1.84). Conclusion: Association between CMD and several sociodemographiccharacteristics have been evidenced. Special attention must be given to thesecharacteristics in order to promote worker’s mental health.

Cambios en el programa de salud escolar percibidos por los profesores que aprobaron el curso de educación a distancia salud y educación / Changes in the Health Educations Programme noticed by teachers that passed the Distance Education, Health and Education Course

El proyecto Mece (mejoramiento de la equidad y calidad en la educación), cuenta entre sus programas, con el Programa de Salud Escolar (PSE), que vela principalmente por la detección de problemas de salud en los escolares por parte de sus profesores. A su vez, la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Católica ha venido desarrollando una línea de investigación relacionada con el fomento y promoción de la salud de los escolares de nuestro país, reconociendo a los profesores como agentes activos en la salud de sus alumnos. Basándose principalmente en el modelo de autocuidado, que a través de la educación logra que cada persona sea agente activo en salud, es por esta razón que ha querido colaborar con Junaeb y Teleduc en la elaboración de un curso a distancia denominado "Salud y Educación, tres niveles de intervención". El siguiente estudio de tipo descriptivo pretende evaluar los cambios en el PSE de 1997 a 1998, percibidos por los profesores (M=213) de la I a XII regiones (exceptuando la octava) que aprobaron el curso de Teleduc a través de una encuesta realizada por el equipo del proyecto. Los resultados obtenidos revelan en la mayoría de los casos un mejoramiento en el PSE, es decir, la educación realizada habría sido de utilidad para las escuelas en lo referido a salud escolar, Por ésto, se sugiere continuar realizando cursos de educación en salud o presentar nuevamente el curso a otros profesores

Revascularizaçäo do miocárdio sem circulaçäo extracorpórea: resultados imediatos / Myocardial revascularization without extracorporeal circulation: early results

A cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio sem uso de circulaçäo extracorpórea (CEC) foi realizada por TRAPP & BISARYA, na década de 70. Coube, entretanto, a BUFFOLO et allii, em nosso meio, e a BENETTI et alii na Argentina, o seu uso sistemático, a sua padronizaçäo e recomendaçäo, como uma alternativa válida e segura. Com o objetivo de avaliar a reprodutibilidade da técnica, morbidade e mortalidade, as dificuldades técnicas e as possibilidades de incorporá-las à rotina, os autores apresentam os resultados obtidos em 182 pacientes submetidos a revascularizaçäo do miocárdio com pontes de veia safena e/ou torácica interna, sem a utilizaçäo do sistema de circulaçäo extracorpórea. Foram operados por esta técnica 182 pacientes; 128/182 (70,3 por cento) do sexo masculino e 54/128 (29,7 por cento ) do feminino, cujas idades variaram de 40 a 79 anos (m=58,8 anos), com lesöes das artérias coronárias: interventricular anterior (IA), direita (CD), diagonal (DI) e a marginal (MG). Foram revascularizadas 277 artérias: a IA 159/277 (57,4 por cento), a CD 62/277 (22,4 por cento), a DI 44,277 (15,9 por cento) e a MG 12/277 (4,3 por cento). O tempo de isquemia variou de 5 a 33 minutos, com média de 14 minutos. Como complicaçöes na série estudada foram observadas: espasmo coronário em 6/182 (3,3 por cento), infarto agudo do miocárdio em 3/182 (1,6 por cento), sangramento em 2/182 (1,1 por cento), embolia pulmonar en 2/182 (1,1 por cento) e mediastinite em 1/182 (0,6 por cento). Cinco/182 (2,7 por cento) pacientes foram a óbito no período de pós-operatório imediato, sem relaçäo com a técnica utilizada. Os autores concluem que a técnica pode ser realizada em casos selecionados, com segurança e bons resultados pela maioria dos cirurgiöes. A técnica reduz os custos da operaçäo e, em alguns subgrupos (idosos, portadores de doenças sistêmicas), pode ser a melhor alternativa.

Revascularizaçäo do miocárdio sem circulaçäo extracorpóranea / Myocardial revascularization without extracorporeal circulation

A cirurgia de revascularizaçÝo do miocárdio, sem o uso da circulaçÝo Extracorpórea (CEC) foi realizado por TRAPP e ANKENEY na década de 70. Coube, entretanto, a ENIO BUFFOLO, em nosso meio e a benetti na Argentina, o seu uso sistemático, a sua padronizaçäo e recomendaçäo, como uma alternativa válida e segura. Como o objetivo de avaliar a reprodutibilidade da técnica, sua morbidade e mortalidade, as dificuldades técnicas e as possibilidades de incorporá-la à rotina, um grupo de pacientes em que a mesma pareceu apropriada, foi estudada. foram submetidos à revascularizaçäo do miocárdio sem CEC, 102 pacientes: 75 do sexo masculino e 27 do feminino, cujas idades variavam de 40 a 77 anos, com lesöes das artérias coronárias: Descendente Anterior (DA), Direita (CD), Diagonal (DI) e Lateral Alta (LA) ou Marginal (MG). Foram revascularizadas 164 artérias. A DA 93, CD 38, DI26, e La ou MG 7. O tempo de isquemia variou de cinco a 33 minutos ( média: 14 minutos). Como complicaçöes na série, foram observados dois casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio, pós-operatório, dois de espasmo coronariano, dois de embolia pulmonar e um caso de mediastinite. Houve dois óbitos na série, sem relaçäo com a técnica utilizada. Pode-se concluir que a técnica pode ser realizada em casos selecionados, com segurança e bons resultados pela maioria dos cirurgiöes. A técnica reduz os custos da cirurgia e em alguns sub-grupos (idosos, portadores de patologias sistêmicas), pode ser a melhor alternativa

Aneurisma chagásico do ventrículo esquerdo: aspecto cirúrgico em 29 casos / Chagas aneurysm of the left venticle: surgical aspects in 29 cases

Entre março de 1980 e dezembro de 1991, 29 pacientes foram submetidos a remoçao cirúrgica de aneurisma do ventrículo esquerdo de etiologia chagásica. Vinte e dois pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 7 do masculino, com idades que variaram entre 21 e 69 anos, todos com reaçao imunológica positiva para doença de Chagas. No pré-operatório, 8 pacientes apresentaram acidente vascular cerebral, 8 tinham cansaço (algum grau de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva), 8 tinham palpitaçoes e tonteiras, enquanto os 5 restantes apresentaram associaçoes dessas queixas. Tres pacientes eram portadores de marcapasso artificial. O eletrocardiograma estava alterado em todos os casos. A radiografia de tórax era normal em metade dos casos. Do ponto de vista angiográfico, as coronárias eram normais e o ventrículo esquerdo apresentava aneurisma apical, com aspecto de dedo de luva ou mamilo em 14 pacientes, sacular em 8, de parede inferior em 4 e duplo (inferior + ponta) em 3. Em um dos pacientes (duplo aneurisma) havia insuficiência mitral importante e em 4 detectou-se a presença de trombos intracardíacos. Nao houve mortalidade hospitalar. No seguimento pós-operatório, houve um óbito. Três pacientes desenvolveram bloqueio atrioventricular completo e necessitaram implante de marcapasso. Um paciente, cuja indicaçao era arritmia, teve recorrência dos sintomas. Concluímos que a ressecçao de aneurismas de etologia chagásica, em casos selecionados, é procedimento de baixa mortalidade, previne a recorrência de tromboembolismo, controla a insuficiência cardíaca devido à discinesia e pode eliminar arritmias em um significativo número de pacientes.