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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious cardiovascular condition with the potential to lead to severe valvular regurgitation. We present a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with a fever and was diagnosed with IE through point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). The patient's condition subsequently led to severe aortic regurgitation. Timely diagnosis facilitated by POCUS played a crucial role in the management of this case. The patient underwent successful timely surgical intervention to prevent further infective embolism and heart failure due to severe acute aortic regurgitation. This case underscores the pivotal role of POCUS in the early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of cardiology diseases, highlighting its importance in delivering optimal patient care.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that may complicate conditions such as obstructive airway disease. Our group has identified predictive biomarkers of GERD in particulate exposed first responders with obstructive airway disease. In addition, GERD diagnosis and treatment is costly and invasive. In light of these clinical concerns, we aimed to systematically review studies identifying noninvasive, multiOmic, and multicompartmental biomarkers of GERD. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed and Embase was performed using keywords focusing on reflux disease and biomarkers and registered with PROSPERO. We included original human studies in English, articles focusing on noninvasive biomarkers of GERD published after December 31, 2009. GERD subtypes (non-erosive reflux disease and erosive esophagitis) and related conditions (Barrett's Esophagus [BE] and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma). Predictive measures were synthesized and risk of bias assessed (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). RESULTS: Initial search identified n = 238 studies andn 13 articles remained after applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Salivary pepsin was the most studied biomarker with significant sensitivity and specificity for GERD. Serum assessment showed elevated levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in both GERD and Barrett's. Exhaled breath volatile sulfur compounds and acetic acid were associated with GERD. Oral Microbiome: Models with Lautropia, Streptococcus, and Bacteroidetes showed the greatest discrimination between BE and controls vs Lautropia; ROCAUC 0.94 (95% confidence interval; 0.85-1.00). CONCLUSION: Prior studies identified significant multiOmic, multicompartmental noninvasive biomarker risks for GERD and BE. However, studies have a high risk of bias and the reliability and accuracy of the biomarkers identified are greatly limited, which further highlights the need to discover and validate clinically relevant noninvasive biomarkers of GERD.
RESUMO
Cancer means an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the body. It is a leading cause of death today. Not only the disease itself but its complications are also adding to the increase in mortality rate. One of the major complications is the pain due to metastasis of cancer. Pain is a complex symptom which has physical, psychological, and emotional impacts that influence the daily activities as well as social life. Pain acts as an alarm sign, telling the body that something is wrong. Pain can manifest in a multitude fashion. Management of bone pain due to metastasis involves different modes with some specific treatments according to the type of primary cancer. Over the years various treatment modalities have been tried and tested to improve the pain management including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, bisphosphonates, tricyclic antidepressants, corticosteroids, growth factors and signaling molecules, ET-1 receptor antagonists, radiotherapy as well as surgical management. The topic of discussion will cover each one of these in detail.